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Park level actions to combat wildlife crime in Uganda
- 1. Park level action plans to combat wildlife crime in Uganda
- 2. Evidence review Investigation of drivers Intervention evaluation Recommendations for implementation
- 3. Labour allocation Fairness Likelihood of informing Community preference UWA preference HWC mitigation + ++ ++ ++ ++ Improve livelihoods ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ Eco-guards ++ ++ ++ ++ + Withdraw resource rights - - + / - not assessed not assessed Regulated hunting - + / - + - - Increase law enforcement not assessed not assessed not assessed + ++
- 4. Outreach Resource sharing RPAs Patrolling HWC mitigation Intelligence gathering Wildlife scouts Revenue sharing Alternative livelihoods Outreach Resource sharing RPAs Patrolling HWC mitigation Intelligence gatheringWildlife scouts Revenue sharing Alternative livelihoods
- 5. Build relationships, develop trust Provide positive incentives Effective and fair enforcement
- 6. The aim of the action plans is to provide a park level strategy to address wildlife crime within the boundaries of Queen Elizabeth and Murchison Falls Protected Areas and surrounding communities The main objectives of the plan are to: • Prioritise efforts to combat the offences that have the greatest impact on wildlife and frontline communities • Build on the GMPs to identify the interventions required to combat each of the priority offences, and • Maximise coordination between law enforcement and community conservation activities to combat wildlife crime.
- 7. Financing • Developed to be implemented within existing budgets - used to inform AOPs - guide allocation of resources • Opportunities for further support have been identified - assist in efforts to raise donor funds - demonstrate to HQ that there is a need for greater support of community conservation activities - identify existing interventions in need of greater investment • Collaborations critical to expanding current impact - potential to greatly increase impact - provides guidance for NGOs seeking to partner with UWA
- 8. Identifying priority offences maximises the impact of efforts to combat wildlife crime where resources are limited Queen Elizabeth CA Murchison Falls CA 1 armed poaching poaching of high profile poaching 2 commerical bushmeat poaching commerical bushmeat poaching 3 subsistence poaching subsistence poaching 4 setting illegal fires habitat destruction 5 illegal fishing cattle grazing
- 9. Interventions to combat poaching of high value species: 1. Ranger patrols - control of firearms essential - increase patrol effectiveness through greater use of LEM data - improve record keeping through use of the offender database 2. Intelligence gathering - intelligence led operations are a significantly more cost-effective means of implementing enforcement activities - community conservation activities can greatly increase recruitment of informants 3. Coordinating with judiciary - sensitisation of magistrates can lead to more appropriate sentencing of offenders - offenders more sensitive to probability of detection
- 10. Increased populations of high value species Reduced hunting and trade of high value species Reduced availability of firearms Increased arrests of hunters Increased arrests of traders Stricter sentences Awareness raising for judiciary Law enforcement patrols Intelligence gathering Community conservation interventions Improved relationships with communities Increased risk / reduced sales Increased deterrence Reduced ability to hunt elephants High value species able to recover Increased deterrence Informant reward system* System is feasible Actionable intelligence provided Increased detections through use of LEM Judiciary convinced to give appropriate sentenced Communities provide information CC improves relationships Patrols sensitive to community relationships Poaching of high value species
- 11. Interventions to combat commercial bushmeat poaching: 1. Ranger patrols and intelligence gathering - patrols important but cannot solve problem alone - target intelligence gathering to combat traders/middlemen 2. Human wildlife conflict mitigation and wildlife scouts - HWC a driver of poaching - wildlife scouts increase UWA presence in communities and ability to respond to HWC 3. Wildlife friendly enterprises - livelihood improvement activities directly linked to wildlife - produce materials for HWC mitigation
- 12. Commercial bushmeat Increased populations of bushmeat species Reduced hunting and trade of bushmeat species Increased arrests of hunters Increased # snares detected Increased arrests of traders Law enforcement patrols Intelligence gathering Wildlife friendly enterprises and reformed hunter groups Improved relationships with communities Increased risk / reduced sales Increased deterrence Reduced mortaility Bushmeat species able to recover Actionable intelligence provided Increased detections through use of LEM Communities provide information Fewer individuals angry at park Patrols sensitive to community relationships Reduced retaliatory killing Reduced HWC Wildlife scouts Communities feel UWA responding to HWC Community members perceive benefits from wildlife Alternative sources of income created Farming more profitable Mitigation measures are effective Hunters substitute labour Reduced reliance on income from hunting
- 13. Interventions to combat subsistence poaching: 1. Support for livestock raising - alternative sources of protein will be required if bushmeat poaching is reduced 2. Inland water patrols - important to protect alternative protein sources 3. Community outreach 4. Resource access agreements
- 14. Increased populations of bushmeat species Reduced subsistence hunting of bushmeat species Reduced demand for bushmeat Law enforcement water patrols Livestock enterprise support* Improved relationships with communities Bushmeat species able to recover Increased awareness of conservation value Patrols sensitive to community relationships Reduced retaliatory killing Livestock enterprises are profitable Fish availability increased Increased livestock production Conservation outreach Resource access agreements Wildlife ranching* Fish stocks protected Fish stocks sustainably managed Resource users benefit Fewer individuals angry at park Fish substitutable with bushmeat Domestic meat substitutable with bushmeat Supply responds to demand Price of bushmeat increases Ranching feasible Subsistence bushmeat
- 15. Plans also include sections on: • Linkages between interventions - community conservation improves intelligence gathering - law enforcement impacts community conservation - wildlife friendly enterprises support HWC mitigation - supply of bushmeat impacts livestock raising • Enabling conditions and implementation barriers - availability of funds - cultural mindsets and community conservation - perverse incentives - political will • Capacity gaps - training - logistical support - expertise
- 16. Thank you for listening