-
1.
Marisa Camargo
1
Auth0o3r/1 n2/a20m14e
Date
Marisa Camargo
03/12/2014
Greening Supply
Chains:
engaging the private sector
to address deforestation
Marisa Camargo
(Isilda Nhamtumbo)
Lima, 3 December 2014
-
2.
Marisa Camargo
03/12/2014
2
Source: UN Population Division(2012) World Population
-
3.
Marisa Camargo
03/12/2014 The context
3
• Rising consumption
• Chocolate: 10% increase 2002-2010 and cont..
• Enough land? Competition
• Forest resources? Livelihoods?
-
4.
Marisa Camargo
03/12/2014 REDD+
4
IIED study on REDD+
115 projects
• Private sector engagement is marginal
and not connected to core business
• Not addressing major drivers of
deforestation
• gap on for-profit private sector led projects aiming to
tackle drivers associated with large-scale
businesses in agriculture commodity chains
-
5.
Marisa Camargo
03/12/2014 Agriculture commodities
5
• Drivers ~ 80% of deforestation
• Beef and leather, cocoa, palm oil,
rubber, soy
NY Declaration on Forests
• Zero deforestation supply chain
• What does it mean?
• Safeguards?
-
6.
Marisa Camargo
03/12/2014 Ghana:
from cocoa to chocolate
6
-
7.
Marisa Camargo
03/12/2014 Ghana - cocoa
7
• ~21% of global production
• ~22% of the export earnings
• Small holders
• 800 000 farmers
• < 4 ha
• Expanding farms
• Low productivity
• Set price
-
8.
Marisa Camargo
03/12/2014 Cocoa in the landscape
8
Competing land
uses
Several stakeholders
Concerns
• Food security
• Diversification
• Tenure
• Resilience
-
9.
Marisa Camargo
03/12/2014
9
Everything is
connected:
tagxedo.com/copyright
2014
-
10.
Marisa Camargo
03/12/2014 Missing “+”
10
• From REDD to REDD+
• Zero-deforestation ‘+’?
• Degradation, restoration, SFM, conservation…
• Lessons from Safeguards:
• FPIC
• Tenure
• Benefit sharing
• ….
-
11.
Marisa Camargo
03/12/2014 From cocoa to chocolate
11
• Burden only at farm level?
• Sharing benefits and costs along the supply chain
• Emissions along the value chain: in-setting?
Local
buyer
Farmer Cer fica on
Exporter Processing
Manufacture
Retail
Consumer
NGOs Investors
Seed and fer lizer
producers Governments Packaging
-
12.
Marisa Camargo
03/12/2014
12
Thank you!
Marisa.camargo@helsinki.fi
Any guesses of what this is?
Population growth
Rising consumption of basic commodities: soy, palm oil, cocoa to make your precious chocolate.
E.g. Consumption of chocolate products increased by 10% between 2002 and 2010 in selected countries
Chocolate is likely to increase not only in the main markets of Europe, America and other developed countries but also in the fast growing economies like the BRICS and also the growing urban middle class in less developed countries
Where is the land going to come from?
Are forests going to be jeopardised? Livelihoods?
But we need to highlight that there is no production without resilient ecosystem to sustain it – Forests provide that
The REDD mechanism was created to address these challenges and a number of demonstration projects are being implemented on the ground
Curious about the impacts of these REDD+ demonstration projects so far, IIED conducted a study on 115 projects. It revealed that:
Drivers of deforestation only marginally addressed
Projects seem to be concentrated in areas where small-scale agriculture and biomass energy production are the main threats to the forest. There is still a large gap on for-profit private sector led projects aiming to tackle drivers associated with large-scale businesses in agriculture commodity chains and other sectors.
PS support projects that are not linked to its core business strategies
private sector must take deforestation out of commodity supply chains.
Efforts to green SC cannot ignore that commodities are inserted in the landscape
Cocoa does not grow in isolation, it is inserted in a broader landscape.
Efforts to address deforestation of this commodity should look at the dynamics of the landscape where there are competing land uses and several stakeholders
Need to manage resources in an integrative manner
Should avoid intensifying production to reduce risks – diversify to also address food security
All is connected in the landscape – need to manage resources thinking about several aspects
Last