1.
1
Isilda Nhantumbo
9/4/2014
Moving ahead with REDD+
Author name
Date
Isilda Nhantumbo
9/4/2014
Carbon rights and benefit-sharing
issues
Private sector
in REDD+

2.
2
Isilda Nhantumbo
9/4/2014
Moving ahead with REDD+
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
Argen
na
BelizeBolivia
Brazil
Cam
bodia
Cam
eroonColom
bia
CostaRica
DRCEcuador
ElSalvadorEthiopiaGhana
Guatem
alaGuyanaHonduras
IndiaIndonesia
KenyaLaoPDR
M
adagascarM
alawiM
alaysiaM
exico
NepalParaguay
Peru
PNG
SierraLeonSriLankaTanzaniaUganda
Zim
babwe
Projects by country
Continent Numberof
projects
Totalarea
(ha)
Average
landsize
Countriesin
eachregion
Countrieswithhigher
numberofprojectsper
region
Africa 24 8,602,069 358,420 11 Cameroon(5)
Asia 30 10,486,268 349,542 8 Indonesia(19)
Latin
America
61 9,592,981 157,261 13 Brazil(15),Peru(13)and
Mexico(10)
Total 115 28,681,318 33
0 10 20 30 40 50
100 - 50,000
50,000 - 500,000
500,000 - 4,400,000
Hectares
Number of projects by size
10-110 years

3.
3
Isilda Nhantumbo
9/4/2014
Moving ahead with REDD+
Questions
• Is the PS engaged in demonstration
projects?
• To what extent (number, area, volume of
investment…)
• How did it acquire the right to develop
and transact credits?
• How is it sharing benefits with local
communities?

4.
4
Isilda Nhantumbo
9/4/2014
Moving ahead with REDD+
Private sector led
35%
36%
8%
11%
10%
Project developers
For-profit sector
Voluntary sector
Governments
Partnerships (e.g. PPP)
Unclear/no data

5.
5
Isilda Nhantumbo
9/4/2014
Moving ahead with REDD+
Role of Private Sector in
REDD+
• Demand credits: corporations (e.g. offsetting)
• Supply credits: consultancy co, brokers;
implementing projects
• Demand and supply: options to consumers
• Financing REDD+ - CSR, Philanthropy,
investment

6.
6
Isilda Nhantumbo
9/4/2014
Moving ahead with REDD+
Rights to carbon
• No encompassing national legislation
• Bilateral agreements
• Company holds rights to sell carbon
• DRC, Kenya, Tanzania, Zimbabwe
• Indonesia, Malaysia
• Peru, Paraguay, Costa Rica, Belize
• Current legislation – Carbon as another commodity
• Communities hold the rights to carbon
• Colombia, Mexico
• Cameroon
• Government holds the rights to Carbon
• Cambodia
• Ecuador

7.
7
Isilda Nhantumbo
9/4/2014
Moving ahead with REDD+
Benefits
• Very clear obligations for local land users
• India, Malawi, Tanzania, DRC
• 23% - mention B sharing; 16% - state share
• 10% - Africa
• 5% - Asia
• 8%- Latin America
• Rest – silent = risky?

8.
8
Isilda Nhantumbo
9/4/2014
Moving ahead with REDD+
Benefits
• What benefits – CB, employment,
extensions services
• Accounting for the OC of labour, …
• Social infrastructure ….25 years contract!
• Very clear obligations for local land users
• India, Malawi, Tanzania, DRC
• Taxation – area based; income; social
obligations
• Payments to communities

9.
9
Isilda Nhantumbo
9/4/2014
Moving ahead with REDD+
Multiple actors, competing
uses and claim of benefits
The complex landscape of REDD+
Isilda Nhantumbo
• Land users as
shareholders?
• Shared
ownership of
land, forests
• Change LU
practices to
address DD
Change in behaviour and practices
Cash to individual is also important

10.
10
Isilda Nhantumbo
9/4/2014
Moving ahead with REDD+
Conclusion
• PS – key actor
• Legislation needed – long term
investment
• Beyond communities
• Benefits, versus net benefits

11.
11
Isilda Nhantumbo
9/4/2014
Moving ahead with REDD+
Thank you
Isilda.nhantumbo@iied.org