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the  Generation  game Exploding the myth behind the  Net  &  Google Generations Wayne Barry Learning & Teaching Enhancement Unit (LTEU) Canterbury Christ Church University
the  timeline … 2005: what is a  generation? 2001: digital  natives , digital  immigrants  … 2007: in their  own words … 2008: the  google  generation … 2007: student  expectations  study … 2008:  becoming  digital  literate … now: the  generation  game … now: any  questions  ? 2008: great  expectations  report …
what is a  generation? “ In addition to coincidence of birth, a  generation  is also defined by  common  tastes, attitudes, and experience…Those times encompass a myriad of  circumstances  – economic, social, sociological, and, of course, demographic.” Source:   Zemke, R., Raines, C., & Filipczak, B. (2000). Generations at work: Managing the clash of Veterans, Boomers, Xers, and Nexters in your workplace.
Source:   Oblinger, D.G., & Oblinger, J.L. (2005).  Educating the Net Generation . some  generalisations … Silent Generation Baby Boomers Generation X Net Generation Birth Dates 1900-1946 1946-1964 1965-1982 1982-1991 Attributes Command and control Self-sacrifice Optimistic Workaholic Independent Sceptical Hopeful Determined Likes Respect for authority Family Community involvement Responsibility Work ethic Can-do attitude Freedom Multitasking Work-life balance Public activism Latest technology Parents Dislikes Waste Technology Laziness Turning 50 Red tape Hype Anything slow Negativity
Source:   Oblinger, D.G., & Oblinger, J.L. (2005).  Educating the Net Generation . some  generalisations … Technologies Television Telephone Telex Vinyl Record Nuclear Family Technologies Video Games Walkie Talkie E-mail Compact Disc Individual Technologies The Internet Cell Phone I.M. MP3 Online Communities Technologies Cinema Telegraph Biro Pen Radio Extended Family Silent Generation Baby Boomers Generation X Net Generation Birth Dates 1900-1946 1946-1964 1965-1982 1982-1991 Attributes Command and control Self-sacrifice Optimistic Workaholic Independent Sceptical Hopeful Determined Likes Respect for authority Family Community involvement Responsibility Work ethic Can-do attitude Freedom Multitasking Work-life balance Public activism Latest technology Parents Dislikes Waste Technology Laziness Turning 50 Red tape Hype Anything slow Negativity
meet  Marc
who is  Marc Prensky? Marc  is an internationally acclaimed  thought leader , speaker, writer,  consultant , and  game designer  in the critical areas of education and learning. He is the  founder  and  CEO  of  Games2train , a game-based learning company. He holds an MBA from Harvard and a Masters in Teaching from Yale. Source:  www.marcprensky.com
Source:   Oblinger, D.G., & Oblinger, J.L. (2005).  Educating the Net Generation . the digital  divide … Digital Immigrant Digital Native Silent Generation Baby Boomers Generation X Net Generation Birth Dates 1900-1946 1946-1964 1965-1982 1982-1991 Attributes Command and control Self-sacrifice Optimistic Workaholic Independent Sceptical Hopeful Determined Likes Respect for authority Family Community involvement Responsibility Work ethic Can-do attitude Freedom Multitasking Work-life balance Public activism Latest technology Parents Dislikes Waste Technology Laziness Turning 50 Red tape Hype Anything slow Negativity
enter the  Digital Natives …
have  grown up  and  surrounded  by digital technologies … Source:   Prensky, M. (2001).  Digital Natives, Digital Immigrants . On the Horizon. 9(5) ubiquitous  digital  environment  has resulted in  thinking  and  processing  information  differently … suggests that their  brains  have  physically   changed … …  native speakers  of a digital  language have  parallel processing  &  multi-tasking  abilities … have  hypertext  minds … prefer  visual   information … zero tolerance  for step-by-step instruction …
Source:   Atkins, L. (2007).  Can u speak teenager?  The Telegraph. 24.03.07 “ Today's teenagers  live  and  breathe  the  wired  world of the  internet ...  They dig MoSoSo, Moos and  MySpace . They can  Google , Bebo, Skype, blog or  podcast  - frequently  all at once . They log on to the internet daily, sometimes hourly, seeking anything from  entertainment  to  therapy . For teenagers, the internet is not just an information tool or a way to send emails.  It has become a  creative  and  dynamic   social force .” the digital  language …
exit the Digital Immigrants …
have  sequential processing  &  linear  abilities … Source:   Prensky, M. (2001).  Digital Natives, Digital Immigrants . On the Horizon. 9(5) don’t  understand  the  new ways  in which the Digital Native  learns … …  speaks  with an outdated  language speak  with an  “accent”… teaching  should  not  be fun … prefer  textual   information … prefer  step-by-step instruction …
digital native digital immigrant digital colonist digital refugee digital explorer digital savage digital dissident the digital  continuum … digital pioneer digital settler
under  investigation …
“ Why suddenly is there greater demand for [the] drug [Ritalin] for  attentional  problems? This might, and I stress might, be something to do with the  increased exposure  of young  children  to unsupervised and lengthy hours in front of a [computer]  screen  … they get used to and their  brains  get used to  rapid responses .” Source:   BBC Radio 4. (2008).  iPM: Baroness Susan Greenfield on the Internet . BBC. 15.08.08 a basis for  research ?
what the  papers  say …
a moral  panic ? “ proponents arguing that  education  must change  dramatically  to cater for the  needs  of these  digital natives  have sparked an academic form of  ‘moral panic’  using  extreme  arguments that have  lacked  empirical evidence.” Source:   Bennett, S., Maton, K., & Kervin, L. (2008). The ‘digital natives’ debate: A critical review of the evidence. British Journal of Educational Technology.
 
Source:  JISC . (2007).  In Their Own Words . HEFCE  about the  report … A  two phased  study … looking at the  learner experiences  of  e-learning … synthesises the  LEX project  report and  learner voice  video case studies … captures  e-learning  experiences  across a  wide range  of  age groups  (16 to 65+) ,  sectors   (HE, FE, ACL & WBL)  and courses  (economics, languages, medicine & computing)  … data capture consisted of  face-to-face  interviews,  focus groups ,   digital artefacts  (e.g. blog or e-portfolio) …
Source:  JISC . (2007).  In Their Own Words . HEFCE  lead  complex lives , requires sophisticated  time management  skills … boundaries  between  learning  and  life  is becoming blurred … control  &  choice  important –  personalise  learning environment with technologies  (mobile phones, laptops, PDAs, iPods)  that  support  learning and are  meaningful  to learner … want  tutors to be  fully engaged  with e-learning … effective e-learners:  flexible, resourceful, self aware & highly motivated … use  standard software to  create ,  manipulate  &  present  content … search engines  preferred  to libraries … peer support  provided by  family  &  friends  using e-mail, texting, instant messaging & Skype – providing an  “underworld ” of communication & info-sharing  invisible  to tutors …
Student Expectations Study
Source:  Ipsos MORI . (2007).  Student Expectations Study . JISC.  small  study  made of  interviews  (n=27) and  online survey  (n=501) 15 – 18 years of  age ... expectations  of ICT provision in University ... about the  study … varying ICT  abilities ... mixture of  school / sixth form  &  further education  students …
Source:  Ipsos MORI . (2007).  Student Expectations Study . JISC.  generally  technologically adept   and  integrated  it into lives ... cautious  about publishing work for  public scrutiny ... not interested  in technology for “own sake”, only as a means to an end ... face-to-face  interaction with a lecturer is a “back bone” to learning ... unable to make the  connection  on how technology can help them  learn ... suspects  that learning  mediated  through technology could  diminish  the  value  of learning …
 
Source:  Ipsos MORI . (2008).  Great Expectations of ICT . JISC.  about the  study … follow up of  student expectations study … 17 – 19 years of  age ... online survey  (n=1111: cohort=112; booster=999) respondents are  already receptive  to technology … cohort group  perceived  to be more  technologically fluent  than booster group … cohort group invited to  online focus group …
Source:  Ipsos MORI . (2008).  Great Expectations of ICT . JISC.  HEI’s are  perceived  as providing a  good basic level  of ICT … student expectations  are met, sometimes  exceeded … certain  technologies  (e.g. online quizzes) can  appear familiar  and hence  comfortable  for new students to use … students who set up their own  collaborative learning  mechanism are more  engaged  with it than when tutors set them up … students don’t perceive HEIs are leading the way in  developing   new methods  of  learning  that will  encourage  them to  think differently  about information, research and presentation … emerging  evidence that student-driven ICT, e.g. Web 2.0, is very  beneficial  in their  learning … 69%  of students  believe  they  critically evaluate  internet sources used for research ...
Source:  Ipsos MORI . (2008).  Great Expectations of ICT . JISC.  challenges for HEIs introducing  ICT …
 
Source:  CIBER . (2008).  Information  behaviour  of the researcher  of the future . JISC.   who are the  google generation ? “…  a phrase that refers to a  generation  of young people, born  after 1993 , that is growing up in a world dominated by the internet; whose first port of call for  knowledge  is the  internet  and a  search engine ,  Google  being the  most popular .” …  unlike  earlier  generations who “gained their knowledge through  books  and  conventional libraries ”.
Source:  CIBER . (2008).  Information  behaviour  of the researcher  of the future . JISC.   commissioned by  JISC  &  British Library ... examines how  researchers  of the  future  will access & interact with digital resources, i.e.  information seeking behaviour ... “ virtual”  longitudinal study ... about the  report … critical review  of published researched over the  past 30 years … deep log analysis  of two live systems aimed at a  range of age groups …
Source:  CIBER . (2008).  Information  behaviour  of the researcher  of the future . JISC.   older users  catching up fast with technology usage ... parallel processing may be  well developed , but what about sequential processing abilities? (i.e. reading) prefer  visual information  over text, but text is still  important ... all generations have  “zero tolerance”  for information delays ... internet usage  – determined by individual / personality / background  NOT  generation ... more people are doing quick, shallow searches, i.e.  “power browsing” ... value  authority figures  over the Internet for information ...
the digital  population … “ Rather than calling Digital Natives a  generation   – an overstatement, especially in light of the fact that only  1 billion  of the 6 billion people in the world even have access to digital technologies – we prefer to think of them as a  population  …  The vast  majority  of young people  born  in the world today are  not  growing up as Digital Natives.” Source:   Palfrey, J. & Gasser, U. (2008).  Born Digital: Understand the First Generation of Digital Natives . New York: Basic Books.
Source:   New Zealand Government. (2005).  The Digital Strategy . “ the  ability  to use  digital technology ,  communication tools  or networks to  locate ,  evaluate , use and  create   information .” what is  digital literacy ? Source:   National Statistics. (2007).  Focus on the Digital Age .
developing  digital literacy  skills … trust risk copyright responsibility identity privacy ethics authorship accountability criticality evaluation understand  textual, visual, auditory & kinaesthetic  information   technology communication reflection awareness adaptability confidence
Source:   Beetham, H. (2008).  Becoming e-literate: practices and requirements of effective e-learners . JISC Conference 2008. “ if you think about  learner experiences  across the curriculum through the life path, as something learners have to  understand  and  make sense  of themselves and of  empowering  learners to be effective, then we start to think about  digital literacies  … This really is the area that … institutions and anyone interested in learning  needs  to be thinking about.” becoming  e-literate …
concluding  thoughts … terms like “digital native” and “digital immigrant” are  neither  useful nor appropriate – just reinforces the  stereotype ... “ digital efficacy”  is  determined  by individual / personality / background / opportunity factors ...  not  a generation!  parents, teachers, governments could do more to  understand  the digital world that our children live in and  influence  the way they interact with it to build a better digital future – through  digital literacy ...  rigorous  research is needed to  understand  how today’s student  learn  and how technology is being used with learning – studies need to show students from  all spectrums  of the learning continuum ...
let’s play, the  generation  game …
what’s your  generation? Source:  Trunk , P. (2007).  Brazen Careerist 0 – 1 pnts Silent Generation 2 – 6 pnts Baby Boomers 6 – 12 pnts Generation X 12 or over Net Generation
any  questions

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The Generation Game

  • 1. the Generation game Exploding the myth behind the Net & Google Generations Wayne Barry Learning & Teaching Enhancement Unit (LTEU) Canterbury Christ Church University
  • 2. the timeline … 2005: what is a generation? 2001: digital natives , digital immigrants … 2007: in their own words … 2008: the google generation … 2007: student expectations study … 2008: becoming digital literate … now: the generation game … now: any questions ? 2008: great expectations report …
  • 3. what is a generation? “ In addition to coincidence of birth, a generation is also defined by common tastes, attitudes, and experience…Those times encompass a myriad of circumstances – economic, social, sociological, and, of course, demographic.” Source: Zemke, R., Raines, C., & Filipczak, B. (2000). Generations at work: Managing the clash of Veterans, Boomers, Xers, and Nexters in your workplace.
  • 4. Source: Oblinger, D.G., & Oblinger, J.L. (2005). Educating the Net Generation . some generalisations … Silent Generation Baby Boomers Generation X Net Generation Birth Dates 1900-1946 1946-1964 1965-1982 1982-1991 Attributes Command and control Self-sacrifice Optimistic Workaholic Independent Sceptical Hopeful Determined Likes Respect for authority Family Community involvement Responsibility Work ethic Can-do attitude Freedom Multitasking Work-life balance Public activism Latest technology Parents Dislikes Waste Technology Laziness Turning 50 Red tape Hype Anything slow Negativity
  • 5. Source: Oblinger, D.G., & Oblinger, J.L. (2005). Educating the Net Generation . some generalisations … Technologies Television Telephone Telex Vinyl Record Nuclear Family Technologies Video Games Walkie Talkie E-mail Compact Disc Individual Technologies The Internet Cell Phone I.M. MP3 Online Communities Technologies Cinema Telegraph Biro Pen Radio Extended Family Silent Generation Baby Boomers Generation X Net Generation Birth Dates 1900-1946 1946-1964 1965-1982 1982-1991 Attributes Command and control Self-sacrifice Optimistic Workaholic Independent Sceptical Hopeful Determined Likes Respect for authority Family Community involvement Responsibility Work ethic Can-do attitude Freedom Multitasking Work-life balance Public activism Latest technology Parents Dislikes Waste Technology Laziness Turning 50 Red tape Hype Anything slow Negativity
  • 7. who is Marc Prensky? Marc is an internationally acclaimed thought leader , speaker, writer, consultant , and game designer in the critical areas of education and learning. He is the founder and CEO of Games2train , a game-based learning company. He holds an MBA from Harvard and a Masters in Teaching from Yale. Source: www.marcprensky.com
  • 8. Source: Oblinger, D.G., & Oblinger, J.L. (2005). Educating the Net Generation . the digital divide … Digital Immigrant Digital Native Silent Generation Baby Boomers Generation X Net Generation Birth Dates 1900-1946 1946-1964 1965-1982 1982-1991 Attributes Command and control Self-sacrifice Optimistic Workaholic Independent Sceptical Hopeful Determined Likes Respect for authority Family Community involvement Responsibility Work ethic Can-do attitude Freedom Multitasking Work-life balance Public activism Latest technology Parents Dislikes Waste Technology Laziness Turning 50 Red tape Hype Anything slow Negativity
  • 9. enter the Digital Natives …
  • 10. have grown up and surrounded by digital technologies … Source: Prensky, M. (2001). Digital Natives, Digital Immigrants . On the Horizon. 9(5) ubiquitous digital environment has resulted in thinking and processing information differently … suggests that their brains have physically changed … … native speakers of a digital language have parallel processing & multi-tasking abilities … have hypertext minds … prefer visual information … zero tolerance for step-by-step instruction …
  • 11. Source: Atkins, L. (2007). Can u speak teenager? The Telegraph. 24.03.07 “ Today's teenagers live and breathe the wired world of the internet ... They dig MoSoSo, Moos and MySpace . They can Google , Bebo, Skype, blog or podcast - frequently all at once . They log on to the internet daily, sometimes hourly, seeking anything from entertainment to therapy . For teenagers, the internet is not just an information tool or a way to send emails. It has become a creative and dynamic social force .” the digital language …
  • 12. exit the Digital Immigrants …
  • 13. have sequential processing & linear abilities … Source: Prensky, M. (2001). Digital Natives, Digital Immigrants . On the Horizon. 9(5) don’t understand the new ways in which the Digital Native learns … … speaks with an outdated language speak with an “accent”… teaching should not be fun … prefer textual information … prefer step-by-step instruction …
  • 14. digital native digital immigrant digital colonist digital refugee digital explorer digital savage digital dissident the digital continuum … digital pioneer digital settler
  • 16. “ Why suddenly is there greater demand for [the] drug [Ritalin] for attentional problems? This might, and I stress might, be something to do with the increased exposure of young children to unsupervised and lengthy hours in front of a [computer] screen … they get used to and their brains get used to rapid responses .” Source: BBC Radio 4. (2008). iPM: Baroness Susan Greenfield on the Internet . BBC. 15.08.08 a basis for research ?
  • 17. what the papers say …
  • 18. a moral panic ? “ proponents arguing that education must change dramatically to cater for the needs of these digital natives have sparked an academic form of ‘moral panic’ using extreme arguments that have lacked empirical evidence.” Source: Bennett, S., Maton, K., & Kervin, L. (2008). The ‘digital natives’ debate: A critical review of the evidence. British Journal of Educational Technology.
  • 19.  
  • 20. Source: JISC . (2007). In Their Own Words . HEFCE about the report … A two phased study … looking at the learner experiences of e-learning … synthesises the LEX project report and learner voice video case studies … captures e-learning experiences across a wide range of age groups (16 to 65+) , sectors (HE, FE, ACL & WBL) and courses (economics, languages, medicine & computing) … data capture consisted of face-to-face interviews, focus groups , digital artefacts (e.g. blog or e-portfolio) …
  • 21. Source: JISC . (2007). In Their Own Words . HEFCE lead complex lives , requires sophisticated time management skills … boundaries between learning and life is becoming blurred … control & choice important – personalise learning environment with technologies (mobile phones, laptops, PDAs, iPods) that support learning and are meaningful to learner … want tutors to be fully engaged with e-learning … effective e-learners: flexible, resourceful, self aware & highly motivated … use standard software to create , manipulate & present content … search engines preferred to libraries … peer support provided by family & friends using e-mail, texting, instant messaging & Skype – providing an “underworld ” of communication & info-sharing invisible to tutors …
  • 23. Source: Ipsos MORI . (2007). Student Expectations Study . JISC. small study made of interviews (n=27) and online survey (n=501) 15 – 18 years of age ... expectations of ICT provision in University ... about the study … varying ICT abilities ... mixture of school / sixth form & further education students …
  • 24. Source: Ipsos MORI . (2007). Student Expectations Study . JISC. generally technologically adept and integrated it into lives ... cautious about publishing work for public scrutiny ... not interested in technology for “own sake”, only as a means to an end ... face-to-face interaction with a lecturer is a “back bone” to learning ... unable to make the connection on how technology can help them learn ... suspects that learning mediated through technology could diminish the value of learning …
  • 25.  
  • 26. Source: Ipsos MORI . (2008). Great Expectations of ICT . JISC. about the study … follow up of student expectations study … 17 – 19 years of age ... online survey (n=1111: cohort=112; booster=999) respondents are already receptive to technology … cohort group perceived to be more technologically fluent than booster group … cohort group invited to online focus group …
  • 27. Source: Ipsos MORI . (2008). Great Expectations of ICT . JISC. HEI’s are perceived as providing a good basic level of ICT … student expectations are met, sometimes exceeded … certain technologies (e.g. online quizzes) can appear familiar and hence comfortable for new students to use … students who set up their own collaborative learning mechanism are more engaged with it than when tutors set them up … students don’t perceive HEIs are leading the way in developing new methods of learning that will encourage them to think differently about information, research and presentation … emerging evidence that student-driven ICT, e.g. Web 2.0, is very beneficial in their learning … 69% of students believe they critically evaluate internet sources used for research ...
  • 28. Source: Ipsos MORI . (2008). Great Expectations of ICT . JISC. challenges for HEIs introducing ICT …
  • 29.  
  • 30. Source: CIBER . (2008). Information behaviour of the researcher of the future . JISC. who are the google generation ? “… a phrase that refers to a generation of young people, born after 1993 , that is growing up in a world dominated by the internet; whose first port of call for knowledge is the internet and a search engine , Google being the most popular .” … unlike earlier generations who “gained their knowledge through books and conventional libraries ”.
  • 31. Source: CIBER . (2008). Information behaviour of the researcher of the future . JISC. commissioned by JISC & British Library ... examines how researchers of the future will access & interact with digital resources, i.e. information seeking behaviour ... “ virtual” longitudinal study ... about the report … critical review of published researched over the past 30 years … deep log analysis of two live systems aimed at a range of age groups …
  • 32. Source: CIBER . (2008). Information behaviour of the researcher of the future . JISC. older users catching up fast with technology usage ... parallel processing may be well developed , but what about sequential processing abilities? (i.e. reading) prefer visual information over text, but text is still important ... all generations have “zero tolerance” for information delays ... internet usage – determined by individual / personality / background NOT generation ... more people are doing quick, shallow searches, i.e. “power browsing” ... value authority figures over the Internet for information ...
  • 33. the digital population … “ Rather than calling Digital Natives a generation – an overstatement, especially in light of the fact that only 1 billion of the 6 billion people in the world even have access to digital technologies – we prefer to think of them as a population … The vast majority of young people born in the world today are not growing up as Digital Natives.” Source: Palfrey, J. & Gasser, U. (2008). Born Digital: Understand the First Generation of Digital Natives . New York: Basic Books.
  • 34. Source: New Zealand Government. (2005). The Digital Strategy . “ the ability to use digital technology , communication tools or networks to locate , evaluate , use and create information .” what is digital literacy ? Source: National Statistics. (2007). Focus on the Digital Age .
  • 35. developing digital literacy skills … trust risk copyright responsibility identity privacy ethics authorship accountability criticality evaluation understand textual, visual, auditory & kinaesthetic information technology communication reflection awareness adaptability confidence
  • 36. Source: Beetham, H. (2008). Becoming e-literate: practices and requirements of effective e-learners . JISC Conference 2008. “ if you think about learner experiences across the curriculum through the life path, as something learners have to understand and make sense of themselves and of empowering learners to be effective, then we start to think about digital literacies … This really is the area that … institutions and anyone interested in learning needs to be thinking about.” becoming e-literate …
  • 37. concluding thoughts … terms like “digital native” and “digital immigrant” are neither useful nor appropriate – just reinforces the stereotype ... “ digital efficacy” is determined by individual / personality / background / opportunity factors ... not a generation! parents, teachers, governments could do more to understand the digital world that our children live in and influence the way they interact with it to build a better digital future – through digital literacy ... rigorous research is needed to understand how today’s student learn and how technology is being used with learning – studies need to show students from all spectrums of the learning continuum ...
  • 38. let’s play, the generation game …
  • 39. what’s your generation? Source: Trunk , P. (2007). Brazen Careerist 0 – 1 pnts Silent Generation 2 – 6 pnts Baby Boomers 6 – 12 pnts Generation X 12 or over Net Generation

Editor's Notes

  1. Good morning, my name is Wayne Barry and this is my colleague, Su Westerman, and we both work in the Learning Technology Team with the Learning and Teaching Enhancement Unit. I call this presentation “The Generation Game” because over the last 8 to 10 years, we have seen so many different types of “generations” that have been added to our vocabulary to distinguish groups of people who defined socially, psychologically, demographically and culturally. There’s been GENERATIONS: SILENT, GREATEST, X, Y, C, NET and GOOGLE to name but a few. The generations that interest us most is the NET and GOOGLE GENERATION. Through a number of recently published JISC reports we will explode the myths that lie behind these two particular generation groups.