The document outlines six dietary goals: 1) maintaining positive health and optimal performance, 2) ensuring adequate nutrition for pregnant and lactating mothers, 3) promoting growth and development in infants, children and adolescents, 4) achieving adequacy in all nutrients to prevent deficiencies, 5) preventing chronic diet-related disorders, and 6) maintaining health and life expectancy in the elderly. It then describes 15 dietary guidelines to help achieve these goals, including eating a variety of foods, consuming plenty of vegetables and fruits, exercising regularly, and minimizing processed foods high in salt, sugar and fat.

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H Tripathi, Functional Foods, B.Sc. FST,
AIILSG Ahmedabad
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2. DIETARY GOALS
1. Maintenance of a state of positive health and
optimal performance in populations at large by
maintaining ideal body weight.
2. Ensuring adequate nutritional status for
pregnant women and lactating mothers.
3. Improvement of birth weights and promotion
of growth of infants, children and adolescents
to achieve their full genetic potential.
4. Achievement of adequacy in all nutrients and
prevention of deficiency diseases.
5. Prevention of chronic diet-related disorders.
6. Maintenance of the health of the elderly and
increasing the life expectancy.
1/23/2014
H Tripathi, Functional Foods, B.Sc. FST,
AIILSG Ahmedabad
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3. DIETARY GUIDELINES
Right nutritional behavior and dietary
choices are needed to achieve dietary
goals. The following 15 dietary guidelines
provide a broad framework for appropriate
action:
1. Eat variety of foods to ensure a balanced
diet.
2. Ensure provision of extra food and
healthcare to pregnant and lactating
women.
1/23/2014
H Tripathi, Functional Foods, B.Sc. FST,
AIILSG Ahmedabad
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4. DIETARY GUIDELINES
3. Promote exclusive breastfeeding for
six months and encourage breastfeeding
till two years or as long as one can.
4. Feed home based semi solid foods to
the infant after six months.
5. Ensure adequate and appropriate diets
for children and adolescents, both in
health and sickness.
6. Eat plenty of vegetables and fruits.
1/23/2014
H Tripathi, Functional Foods, B.Sc. FST,
AIILSG Ahmedabad
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5. DIETARY GUIDELINES
7. Ensure moderate use of edible oils and
animal foods and very less use of ghee/
butter/ vanaspati.
8. Avoid overeating to prevent overweight
and obesity.
9. Exercise regularly and be physically
active to maintain ideal body weight.
10. Restrict salt intake to minimum.
1/23/2014
H Tripathi, Functional Foods, B.Sc. FST,
AIILSG Ahmedabad
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6. DIETARY GUIDELINES
11. Ensure the use of safe and clean foods.
12. Adopt right pre-cooking processes and
appropriate cooking methods.
13. Drink plenty of water and take beverages
in moderation.
14. Minimize the use of processed foods rich
in salt, sugar and fats.
15. Include micronutrient-rich foods in the
Reference: “DIETARY GUIDELINES FOR
INDIANS -A Manual” Second Edition ..... 2011
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF NUTRITION,
Hyderabad
1/23/2014
H Tripathi, Functional Foods, B.Sc. FST,
AIILSG Ahmedabad
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7. EAT CALCIUM-RICH FOODS
• Calcium is needed for growth and bone
development.
• Children require more calcium.
• Calcium prevents osteoporosis (thinning of
bones).
• Milk, curds and nuts are rich sources of bio-
available calcium (Ragi and Green Leaf Vegetables
are also good dietary sources of calcium).
• Regular exercise reduces calcium loss from bones.
• Exposure to sunlight maintains vitamin D status
which helps in calcium absorption.
1/23/2014
H Tripathi, Functional Foods, B.Sc. FST,
AIILSG Ahmedabad
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8. Dietary Supplements
The US FDA definition:
“Any pill, tablet, capsule, powder, or liquid you take
by mouth that contains a dietary ingredient.”
• Dietary Supplements are concentrated forms of
vitamins, minerals, fiber, amino acids, fatty acids,
herbal products, enzymes, plant or animal tissue
extracts, or hormones.
• Some Dietary supplements contain one or two
known nutrients or a small group of nutrients
such as Vitamin E capsules, B vitamins or
antioxidants.
1/23/2014
H Tripathi, Functional Foods, B.Sc. FST,
AIILSG Ahmedabad
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9. • The Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act
(DSHEA) of 1994 defined Dietary supplements as -
Product taken by mouth containing "dietary ingredient"
to supplement diet.
• “Dietary ingredients" includes vitamins, minerals,
herbs/other botanicals, amino acids, and other
substances (e.g., enzymes, organ tissues, glandular,
Metabolites,).
• Dietary supplements can also be extracts or
concentrates. They can also be in other forms, such as
a bar.
• Dietary supplements are in a special category, under
the general umbrella of "foods," not drugs, and require
that every supplement be labeled a dietary
supplement.
1/23/2014
H Tripathi, Functional Foods, B.Sc. FST,
AIILSG Ahmedabad
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10. What are the Benefits of Dietary
supplements?
• Some supplements can help assure that you get an
adequate dietary intake of essential nutrients; others
may help you reduce the risk of disease. Dietary
supplements should not replace the variety of foods
that are important to a healthful diet. The supplements
are not intended to treat, diagnose, or cure diseases.
• The consumer turns to dietary supplements to
maintain or improve health
• to supplement a vitamin deficiency,
• lose weight, or
• support organ function
1/23/2014
H Tripathi, Functional Foods, B.Sc. FST,
AIILSG Ahmedabad
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11. Dietary supplements- What are the Risks?
Most dietary supplements are not screened for
safety and effectiveness.
• The line between permissible and
impermissible health claims for supplements
is not always clear to the consumer.
• Certain dietary supplements have been
associated with severe side effects.
• Certain dietary supplements have known side
effects comparable to those associated with
pharmaceuticals.
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H Tripathi, Functional Foods, B.Sc. FST,
AIILSG Ahmedabad
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12. • Persons with “self-medicating” dietary
supplements may delay necessary effective
conventional medical treatment, and which
may exacerbate disease.
• Dietary supplements may interact with
common prescription and over-the-counter
medications.
• The misperception that “If a little is a good,
more has to be better” can lead consumers to
mega-dose, risking toxic effects even from
“safe” dietary supplements.
1/23/2014
H Tripathi, Functional Foods, B.Sc. FST,
AIILSG Ahmedabad
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13. • Dietary supplement manufacturers to submit
safety data,
• The manufacturers does not to report adverse
events associated with dietary supplements,
• The manufacturers do not require to include
risk information on product labels, even for
dietary supplements that have been
associated with serious adverse events.
1/23/2014
H Tripathi, Functional Foods, B.Sc. FST,
AIILSG Ahmedabad
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