An overview of Technology Enhanced
Learning
Gráinne Conole, University of Leicester
UNISA, Pretoria, 11th June 2012
grainne.conole@le.ac.uk

Outline
• Scrutinising the e-learning history
line
– lessons from the past
– a glimpse into the future
• Emergent themes and
challenges
• E-pedagogies
• Practice
– Learners’ experience
– Teacher practice
• Bridging the gap between
rhetoric and reality
– Leaning Design
– Open Educational Resources

Scrutinising the e-learning timeline
Context
Globalisation, networked society, changing societal
norms, ICT advances
Drivers
Widening participation,
personalization, lifelong learning,
quality assurance, developing the
Policy Practice
work force, commercial
UK: Dearing review ofRangeimperative initiatives & support b
ICT of funded
US: Fragmented Education/Industry
policy, driven by partnerships, spin offs,
individuals and Open Educational
Local culture vs global
commercial
Impact Movement
hegemony, changing roles &
imperative

Technology trends

Technological trends
•Mobiles and e-books
•Gesture and augmented
learning
•Learning analytics
•Personalised learning
•Cloud computing
•Ubiquitous learning
•BYOD (Bring your own device)
•Digital content
•The flipped classroom
http://learn231.wordpress.com/2011/10/25/trend-report-1/

A typology of new technologies
Technology Examples
Media sharing Flckr, YouTube, Slideshare, Sketchfu
Media manipulation and mash ups Geotagged photos on maps, Voicethread
Instant messaging, chat, web 2.0 forums MSN, Paltalk, Arguementum
Online games and virtual worlds WorldofWarcraft, SecondLife
Social networking Facebook, Myspace, Linkedin, Elgg, Ning
Blogging Wordpress, Edublog, Twitter
Social bookmarking Del.icio.us, Citeulike, Zotero
Recommender systems Digg, LastFm, Stumbleupon
Wikis and collaborative editing tools Wikipedia, GoogleDocs, Bubbl.us
Syndication/RSS feeds Bloglines, Podcast, GoogleReader
(Conole and Alevizou, 2010), Review of Web 2.0 tools in Higher Education
http://heacademy.ac.uk/assets/EvidenceNet/ConoleAlevizou2010.pdf

A pedagogy framework
Social
Information
Informal Formal
Experienc
e
Individual

Mapping e-Pedagogies to technologies
Pedagogies Technologies
• Virtual Worlds (VW)
• Problem-Based Learning (PBL)
• Google
• Inquiry-Based Learning (IBL)
• E-Books
• Didactic (Did)
• Blogs, e-Portfolios
• Reflection (Ref)
• Discussion Forums (DF)
• Dialogic Learning (Dial)
• Wikis
• Collaboration (Collab)
• MCQs
• Assessment (Ass)
• Google+
• Communities of Practice (CoP)
• Twitter
• IBL – social
• Youtube
• User-Generated Content (UGC)

Social
Information
Informal Formal
Experienc
e
Individual

IBL/Twitter Social PBL/VW
CoP/Google+ Dial/forum
Dial/Skype Collab/Wiki
nformal Formal
Ref/Blog Ref/e-Portfolio
IBL/Google Did/e-Book
UGC/YouTube Individual Ass/MCQs

Social
Information
Informal Formal
Experienc
e
Individual

Ref/Blog Experience PBL/VW
CoP/Google+ Ref/e-Portfolio
Dial/Skype Dial/Forum
nformal Formal
IBL/Twitter Coll/Wiki
IBL/Google Did/e-Book
UGC/YouTube Information Ass/MCQs

Mayes & De Freitas, 2004
Pedagogies of e-learning Conole 2010
E-training Inquiry learning
Drill & practice Resource-based
Associative Constructivist
Focus on individual Building on prior
Learning through knowledge
association and Task-orientated
reinforcement
A
Situative Connectivist
Learning through Learning in a
social interaction networked
Learning in environment Reflective & dialogic
Experiential,
Problem-based context learning,
Role play Personalised
learning

Some case study examples
E-training,
drill and practice
Inquiry learning, resource-
based learning
Experiential, problem-
based, role play
Reflective and dialogic
learning, Personalised
learning

E-training, drill and practice
McNaught, 2010, Edmedia Keynote

Going mobile

Inquiry-based learning
My community
The Personal Inquiry
project
Inquiry-based learning
across formal and

Resource-based learning
GL
OM
ake
r
Lea
rning
Ob
ject
s
iTu nes U
sts -
P odca
Open Educational
Resources

The OPAL metromap

Situated learning – virtual exhibitions
What can avatars do? Virtual
realities in collaborative learning
Li et al., 2010, Edmedia
conference
Other examples:
Archeological digs
Medical wards
Art exhibitions
Cyber-law
Virtual language exchange
Beyond formal schooling

Role-based learning
Wills et al., 2010
Pheny and Shun, 2009, Ascilite conference

Reflective and dialogic learning
Blogs and E-portfolios for personal reflection
Wikis/social bookmarking for aggregation
Wikis for project-based work
Cohort blogs for shared understanding
Web 2.0 tool to connect beyond the course
E-portfolios for aggregation and evidence
Twitter for just-in-time learning
Joyes, 2009,
Ascilite
conference

Mapping Technologies
Communication+
Virtual worlds,
online games &
Audio & video immersive environmen
conferencing Social
networking
Google
Forums wave
Wikis
Email
Blogs
Instant
messaging
Web
Media sharing Mash ups
pages
Interactivity+

Co-evolution of tools and practice
Affordances of Characteristics of
technologies users
Reflection Affordances (Gibson) Preferences
‘All "action possibilities" latent in
an environmentt…
Dialogue but always in relation to the Interests
Evolvingdependent
actor and therefore
Aggregation practices
on their capabilities.’ Skills
For instance, a tall tree offers the
affordances of food for a Giraffe
Interactivity but not a sheep. Context
Basic Symbolic 1st wave technologies (phone, 2nd wave technologies
communications representations radio, fax, networks, mobiles, the
& gestures (words, numbers) TV, CD/DVDs) Internet)

Blog: www.e4innovation.com