COPYRIGHT vs. COPYLEFT:
CREATIVE COMMON LICENSES
IN ONLINE EDUCATION
Madrid
Giorgio Pedrazzi
giorgio.pedrazzi@unibs.it
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Giorgio Pedrazzi is adjunct professor of
Information Technology and Law and
Private Law at the University of Brescia,
lawyer and consultant in privacy and data
protection, insurance and tort law,
videosurveillance, paperless administration,
e-commerce and consumer law. He wrote
more than 30 articles published on law
reviews and is at presente working in two
research projects on the legal issues in the
development of smart cities.
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SUMMARY
Historical roots of Copyright
The development of Copyleft
Public Domain
Open Access
Creative Common Licenses
OER Open Educational Resources
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Copyright
=
The Right To Copy [1450]
1790 Queen Anne’s Statute
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IPRs
Intellectual Property Rights

Copyleft
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PUBLIC DOMAIN
Refers to intellectual property
which have no patent or
copyright intellectual property
protection. Public domain
materials are not protected
by intellectual property law.
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CREATIVE COMMONS
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OPEN ACCESS
free availability on the public internet,
permitting any users to read, download,
copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the
full texts of these articles, crawl them for
indexing, pass them as data to software, or
use them for any other lawful purpose,
without financial, legal, or technical barriers
other than those inseparable from gaining
access to the internet itself.
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OPEN ACCESS
The only constraint on reproduction and
distribution, and the only role for copyright in
this domain, should be to give authors
control over the integrity of their work and
the right to be properly acknowledged and
cited
Budapest Statement
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Teaching, learning and research materials in any medium,
digital or otherwise, that reside in the public domain or have
been released under an open license that permits no-cost
access, use, adaptation and redistribution by others with no
or limited restrictions. Open licensing is built within the
existing framework of intellectual property rights as defined
by relevant international conventions and respects the
authorship of the work
UNESCO's 2002 Forum on Open Courseware
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OER definitions
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CC vs. C
The digital content offers many
possibilities, with the Creative
Common Licenses the Author
can choose which rights to
retain and how he would prefer
its work to be used and re-used.
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CC v. C
They're not substituting the
Copyright, but filling the holes
and offering new opportunity
to share and collaborate in
creative work.
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CCL symbols
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CCL 4.0
• CCL are evolving as the technology and
society are…
• Both the machine-readable metadata and
the Common Deed are constantly under
the lens of a community of lawyers and
experts in order to provide the best and
adaptative legal tool to authors.
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RESTRICTIONS
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Table taken from A Culture of Sharing: Open Education Resources
An introduction, by Cheryl Hodgkinson-Williams,
Michael Paskevicius, Roger Brown

LEARNING TRENDS
Mixing and manipulating, exchanging
formats and merging contents are
necessary elements in building a m-learning
or e-learning course.
The spreading of long distance technologies
is essential for developing countries which
need to have proper OER.
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RE_USE
Open Content is useful to allow knowledge
to be platform indipendent and to be
available in the future, regardless the
technology that will be used.
Furthermore, it allows to break barriers for
students despite physical of geographical
limitations
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RE_MIXING
The material can be adapted in
order to match different
cultures, learning grades,
physical disabilities,
pedagogical approaches,
different learning enviroments
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Education and Experience
can be paper-based, mobile,
electronic, or whatever the
future will bring us…
but to be widespread always
needs to be
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William Blake, The Marriage of Heaven and Hell