Presentation at 3rd GRF One Health Summit 2015 Session OH Approaches For Sustainable Development

1. by
Jayprakash Patwari
Maharashtra Udayagiri Mahavidyalaya,
Udgir, Maharashtra, India
October 05, 2015Dr. J. M. Patwari 1Head, Department of Environmental Science

2. • In India fired clay bricks are produced in traditional
unorganized small scale industries
• India is the second largest producer of bricks in the world next
to China producing about 140 billion bricks annually
• There are more than 100000 brick kilns all over India
employing workers on a large scale
• Energy consumption is about 1.5-3.0 MJ/kg
October 05, 2015Dr. J. M. Patwari 2Head, Department of Environmental Science

3. • From energy utilization view point Brick kilns are classified :
a) Intermittent kilns
b) Continuous kilns
October 05, 2015Dr. J. M. Patwari 3Head, Department of Environmental Science

4. Intermittent Kilns
• Bricks are fired in branches
• These are down drought kilns used in several countries of
Asia, Africa, South and Central America
Continuous kilns
• Fire is always burning and Bricks are being warmed, fired and
cooled simultaneously in different parts of kiln
October 05, 2015Dr. J. M. Patwari 4Head, Department of Environmental Science

5. Soil winning:-
• In India mostly surface soils from agricultural fields are used for
Brick making
• The excavation depth is generally one metre
Soil mix preparation:-
• In this preparation water is added moisture content is 25-35 % W/W
• All operations are carried out manually
Moulding:-
• In this clay mass is transformed in to the shape of brick
• A clot of prepared soil mix is thrown to fill wooden and metallic
mould
• Excess soil is scraped off and brick is demoulded
October 05, 2015Dr. J. M. Patwari 5Head, Department of Environmental Science

6. Drying:
• Freshly moulded green bricks contain about 25 % W/W
moisture
• The bricks are left in the open for drying
• The combined action of sun and wind removes the moisture in
the bricks
• After drying moisture content is about 3-15 W/W
Firing :
• In this process the peak temperature holding is 1000 °c and
cooling back to ambient temperature
October 05, 2015Dr. J. M. Patwari 6Head, Department of Environmental Science

7. • Severe labour shortage
• Most of the owners wants to semi mechanize the process for
reducing the dependency of labour
• Fuel prices are gone up 100-175 % during last five years
October 05, 2015Dr. J. M. Patwari 7Head, Department of Environmental Science

8. • Udgir is one of the major taluka in the Latur District in State of
Maharashtra
• The population of the town is 2,00,111 according to 2014
census data
• Udgir is famous for the historic war between the Marathas and
the Nizam, led By Sadashivrao Bhau who defeated Nizam in
1759 when the treaty of Udgir was made
October 05, 2015Dr. J. M. Patwari 8Head, Department of Environmental Science

9. • The fort of Udgir still stands in all its glory, speaking volumes
about the Indian history and Indian Culture
• The fort is bounded by a 40-feet-deep trench, as the fort is
built at the ground level
• In the fort are several Palaces and Durbar halls
• The town is named after Udagir Maharaj (Saint) who’s tomb is
60 feet below the ground level in the fort
October 05, 2015Dr. J. M. Patwari 9Head, Department of Environmental Science

10. October 05, 2015Dr. J. M. Patwari 10Head, Department of Environmental Science

11. • In Udgir there are 600 brick kilns in these brick kilns material
used is clay, Coal, salt and Saw dust.
• Daily 50,000 bricks are prepared by employing 8 to 10 labours
in every kiln
• Requirement for each kiln is
Water -70,000 liters
Wood- 5000 kg
Saw dust -12,500 kg
Coal-6000 kg
Salt -500 kg
October 05, 2015Dr. J. M. Patwari 11Head, Department of Environmental Science

12. In the present investigation High Volume Air Sampler
Envirotech APM 460BL approved by
Central Pollution Control Board, Govt. of India
October 05, 2015Dr. J. M. Patwari 12Head, Department of Environmental Science

13. 0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Jan. Feb. Mar. April May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
S.S.1 S.S.2 S.S.3 S.S.4
October 05, 2015Dr. J. M. Patwari 13Head, Department of Environmental Science

14. 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
S.S.1 S.S.2 S.S.3 S.S.4
October 05, 2015Dr. J. M. Patwari 14Head, Department of Environmental Science

15. 0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
Jan. Feb. March April May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
S.S.1 S.S.2 S.S.3 S.S.4
October 05, 2015Dr. J. M. Patwari 15Head, Department of Environmental Science

16. 0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Jan. Feb. March April May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
S.S.1 S.S.2 S.S.3 S.S.4
October 05, 2015Dr. J. M. Patwari 16Head, Department of Environmental Science

17. • Sulphur dioxide was highest 110 µgm in the month of
February -2014 at sampling station 4.
• The lowest value was obtained in the month of October 22
µgm at sampling station 1.
• Average values for SS1 is 63.08 µgm, for SS2 it is 64.91
µgm, for SS3 66.5 µgm and forSS4 105.83 µgm.
October 05, 2015Dr. J. M. Patwari 17Head, Department of Environmental Science

18. • The level of Nitrogen dioxide were observed maximum in the
month of May, it was 82 µgm at sampling station 1
• The minimum was observed in the month of June at sampling
station 1 it was 41 µgm.
• Average values for SS1 66 µgm, for SS2 53.91 µgm, for SS3
63.5 µgm and for SS4 74.41 µgm.
October 05, 2015Dr. J. M. Patwari 18Head, Department of Environmental Science

19. • RSPM was found highest in the month of Jan-it was 160 µgm
at sampling station four
• It was found lowest in the month of July 55 µgm at sampling
station 1.
• Average values for SS1 93.66 µgm, for SS2 73.25 µgm, for
SS3 85 µgm, for SS4 143.41 µgm.
• NRSPM found in all four stations among that highest value
was 520 µgm the lowest value was observed 130 µgm
• The average values obtained for SS1 is 390.83 µgm, SS2
148.75 µgm, SS3 173.33 µgm and for SS4 415.83 µgm.
October 05, 2015Dr. J. M. Patwari 19Head, Department of Environmental Science

20. • Adoption of cleaner kiln technologies
• Use of mechanized coal stoking systems
• Diversifying products such as Hollow and Perforated bricks,
this will reduce amount of clay and fuel
• Use of modern renewable energy technologies (Biomass
gasifires and solar products)
October 05, 2015Dr. J. M. Patwari 20Head, Department of Environmental Science

21. • Educating / training brick kiln owners
• Supporting a modest research and development programme
• Conducting Environmental Monitoring
October 05, 2015Dr. J. M. Patwari 21Head, Department of Environmental Science

22. • The above study envisages that the level of SO2, NO2 and
RSPM was higher than that of the permissible standards of
MoEF India
• It is causing threat to the local level population
• It is contributing in the Global and Regional air pollution by
releasing the dangerous gases also having the impact on the
climate which will come in effect after long term
October 05, 2015Dr. J. M. Patwari 22Head, Department of Environmental Science

23. Thank you…
October 05, 2015Dr. J. M. Patwari 23Head, Department of Environmental Science