F. Questier, Open Educational Resources, Keynote Vlaamse Chamilo gebruikersdag en Onderwijs seminarie 5 (Digitaal Leren), Hogeschool Gent, 25/05/11

1. Open Educational
Resources
Lesmateriaal? Open moet het zijn!
Prof. dr. Frederik Questier
Vrije Universiteit Brussel
Seminarie onderwijskunde 5: digitaal leren
Vlaamse Chamilo gebruikersdag
University College Ghent, 25/05/2011

2. This presentation can be found at
http://questier.com
http://www.slideshare.net/Frederik_Questier

3. My background
Frederik Questier
Werken met portfolio's May 2011
04/10/05 | pag. 3 3

4. My research interests
Copyleft Frederik Questier, Vrije Universiteit Brussel 4

5. Research and Innovation Director
Frederik Questier
Werken met portfolio's May 2011
04/10/05 | pag. 5 5

6. Our social responsibility:
how open is the future?
Frederik Questier
Werken met portfolio's May 2011
04/10/05 | pag. 6 6

7. Student PIRGs
(Public Interest Research Groups)
➢ “(US) students spend an average of $900
a year on textbooks and course materials”
➢ “Textbook prices have increased four times
the rate of inflation since 1994!”

8. Student PIRGs
(Public Interest Research Groups)
➢ “Why are textbooks so expensive?
➢ Publishers undermine the used book market.
➢ Publishers “bundle” textbooks with extra CDs,
passcodes and workbooks.
➢ More expensive
➢ Supplements expire at end of semester
➢ Publishers keep faculty in the dark about prices.
➢ textbooks market is broken”

10. Electronic books?
➢ Would you buy or advise your students
➢ electronic versions of (educational) books
➢ if they were 30% cheaper than paper books
➢ maybe many books on a good reading device ~ paper?
➢
➢ Be aware: often
➢ limited to 1 year
➢ no access in the higher years of study
➢ limited to buyer
➢ no second hand buying or sale
➢ no library
➢ no extensive printing
Frederik Questier
Werken met portfolio's May 2011
04/10/05 | pag. 11 11

11. Expensive and incompatible
Frederik Questier
Werken met portfolio's May 2011
04/10/05 | pag. 12 12

12. Text To Speech software
on e-books
➢ Blessing for the blind
➢ 'Copyright violation' according to
'Author's Guild' (publishers)
→ TTS disabled in Amazon Kindle 2
Remote kill flags discovered!
Frederik Questier
Werken met portfolio's May 2011
04/10/05 | pag. 13 13

13. DRM:
Digital Rights Management or
Digital Restrictions Management?
➢ Restricted
➢ export
➢ copying
➢ printing
➢ Text To Speech
➢ in time
➢ to buyer (no second hand market)
➢ biometric identification
➢ user info “inscribed” in the work (Microsoft Reader)
➢ access info sent back to publisher
➢ to certain hardware (e.g. Mac OS X - Apple hardware)
➢ to geographic regions
Frederik Questier
Werken met portfolio's May 2011
04/10/05 | pag. 14 14

14. DRM
➢ is killing innovation
➢ can prevent legal rights such as
➢ fair use private copying
➢ time shifting
➢ lending services (library)
➢ 2nd hand resale of works
➢ donation
➢ access for disabled
➢ archival
➢ public domain
➢ …
Frederik Questier
Werken met portfolio's May 2011
04/10/05 | pag. 15 15

15. "The most fundamental
way of helping other
people,
is to teach people
how to do things better
or how to better their
lives.
For people
who use computers,
this means sharing
the recipes
you use on your
computer,
in other words
the programs you run."
16

16. Free Software
(“Open Source Software”)
➢ The freedom to
➢ use
➢ study
➢ distribute
➢ improve
the program
17

17. Free Software
includes great software like
18

18. 19

19. 20

20. Mass collaboration works amazingly
for software development...
What about learning materials?
21

21. First of all:
Copyright law
is not really helpful...
22

22. Lady Justice
has lost her
sense of balance
23

23. Copyright
th st
18 century vs 21 century
➢ “for the encouragement of learning” ➢ Economic motives
➢ “to promote the progress of science
and useful arts”
➢ Protection on request of author ➢ Protection automatically
➢ 14+14y ➢ Till 70y after death author
➢ Protect authors against publishers ➢ Publishers demand the copyrights
➢ If you give copy to every library
➢ Private and non-commercial reproductions
➢ “Private copiers are pirates”
allowed
➢ Protection for DRM

24. There are nice exceptions
on reproduction and publication rights
for educational and scientific purposes
But we need the permission of the authors
if we want to modify their works

25. Creative Commons
➢ www.creativecommons.org
Share what you
want,
keep what you want
➢ 6 combinations of
➢ Commercial – no commercial use allowed
➢ Modifications – no modifications allowed
➢ Sharealike – not sharealike
Frederik Questier
Werken met portfolio's May 2011
04/10/05 | pag. 26 26

28. Creative Commons
➢ Movie
➢ Wanna work together?
➢ http://support.creativecommons.org/videos/#wwt
Frederik Questier
Werken met portfolio's May 2011
04/10/05 | pag. 29 29

29. Open educational resources
(OER)
digitised materials
offered freely and openly
for educators, students and self-learners
to use and reuse
for teaching, learning and research

30. Why
OER
?

31. Why Open Course Ware?
➢ Why not: should we consider academic knowledge as
(secret) Intellectual Property?
➢ The dark ages of scarcity of information are over!
➢ (Peer) recognition
➢ for teacher
➢ Whose course is referred to most?
➢ Yours or the one one from your 'competitor'?
➢ for university/schools
Frederik Questier
Werken met portfolio's May 2011
04/10/05 | pag. 32 32

32. Why Open Course Ware?
➢ Increase quality
➢ Teachers working together
➢ Best course modules are
➢ reused most often
➢ getting most feedback
➢ getting better again
➢ Saving time & costs
➢ Teachers can start building course from existing material
➢ Creation of animated or interactive learning objects is
often too expensive for development/use by only one
institution
Frederik Questier
Werken met portfolio's May 2011
04/10/05 | pag. 33 33

33. UNESCO
Believing that OER can
widen access to quality education,
particularly when shared by many countries
and higher education institutions,
UNESCO champions OER
as a means of promoting access, equity and quality
in the spirit of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

35. ocw.mit.edu (CCPL)

36. www.merlot.org

37. cnx.org
Frederik Questier
Werken met portfolio's May 2011
04/10/05 | pag. 39 39

40. www.gutenberg.org
(public domain)

41. www.flatworldknowledge.com
(CCPL)

42. (Firefox) Creative Commons Search

45. Does your VLE look like this
to the outside world?
Frederik Questier
Werken met portfolio's May 2011
04/10/05 | pag. 47 47

46. Closed?
➢ The few good reasons for closing an LMS,
are probably the reasons why the LMS is
not dead yet...
➢ Copyright exemptions for education
➢ Privacy
➢ for minors
➢ for making mistakes
➢ for teachers?
48

47. But all the rest should be open!
49

48. Open
➢ Open Source
➢ Open Standards
➢ Open Courseware
➢ (OpenID)
➢ Sharing students and teachers between VLEs
➢ + Portability
➢ Enable instutional collaboration
➢ (Open Framework)
➢ Sharing apps between VLEs
50

49. These generic repositories in
Chamilo 2.0 are nice
Frederik Questier
Werken met portfolio's May 2011
04/10/05 | pag. 51 51

50. Specialized learning object
repositories are nicer!
S. Ternier et al., Interoperability for Searching Learning Object Repositories: The ProLearn Query
Language, D-Lib Magazine, 2008, Volume 14 Number 1/2, doi:10.1045/january2008-ceri
52

51. Let's avoid the
empty box
feeling! 53

52. But content is no longer king!
54

53. What is good learning?
Jonassen's Model for
(constructive) learning environments
55

54. wikibooks.org
Frederik Questier
Werken met portfolio's May 2011
04/10/05 | pag. 56 56

55. Example made with my students
nl.wikibooks.org/wiki/Onderwijstechnologie
Frederik Questier
Werken met portfolio's May 2011
04/10/05 | pag. 57 57

58. Student portfolios
Experiences with
open publication
and student defined access control
Extra motivating
Copyright!
Privacy of patients etc
Student awareness needed!
Block search engines through robots.txt ;)

59. I'GLO
Students create
Interaction Generating Learning Objects
research project
Artesis Hogeschool

60. OER Barriers?
➢ Awareness
➢ Teachers attitude
➢ Not enough OER yet
➢ Copyright
➢ Limitations of LMS? (licenses, access control)
➢ Funding
➢ Institutional policy
➢ ?

61. DARE
TO SHARE
Copyleft Frederik Questier, Vrije Universiteit Brussel 63

62. Que
stio
Tha ns?
n ks
!

63. Credits
➢ Open Neon light CC by-nc-nd-by by “late night movie” [Mart]
➢ T-Shirt “Best things are life are free” by http://zazzle.com
➢ Lady Justitia CC by-nc-nd By lumierefl (Flickr)
➢ “Sorry. We're closed” CC by-nc by Tommaso Galli
➢ OPEN, CC-by-nc-sa by Tom Magliery
➢ Empty box, CC by-nc-nd by Mike Bitzenhofer
➢ Share matches CC by-nc-nd by Josh Harper
➢ Question mark CC by by Stefan Baudy