Comment éviter les réhospitalisation : enjeux et difficultés du suivi cardiologique en ville

Cardiologue de ville :
enjeux et difficultés
Après la décompensation cardiaque : comment ne pas revenir à
l'hôpital ?
Dr. Florian ZORES – Strasbourg
30èmes JESC
Paris
16 janvier 2020
Déclaration d’intérêts
▰ Recherche/Etudes cliniques :
▰ Communications :
Air Liquide, MSD, Novartis, Servier
▰ Congrès/Frais de déplacement :
Abbot, Air Liquide, MSD, Novartis, Vifor Pharma
▰ Conseil/Consultant :
AstraZeneca, Janssen-Cilag, Novartis, Vifor Pharma
▰ Actionnariat :
Carmat, Genfit
▰ Liens indirects :
2
Care pathway by HAS
D’après Parcours de soin insuffisance cardiaque HAS 2014
Financial burden
Baudouin et al. Annales de Cardiologie et d’Angéiologie 64 (2015) 318–324
Merlière et al. Caractéristiques et trajet de soins des insuffisants cardiaques du Régime général. Points de repère n° 38
Idealtimeforfirstfollow-upvisit?
60%Have seen a cardiologist one
YEAR after discharge
29%Have seen a cardiologist one
MONTH after discharge
Tuppin P, et al. Arch Cardiovasc Dis 2013; 106: 570-85
Merliere J, et al. Point de Repère Août 2012; n° 38
Seloguchi. Am Heart J 2007
PCandCardiologistcollaboration
- 20 % ALL CAUSE MORTALITY
PC 10.4 % PC+Cardio 7.2 %p=0.045
IC95% : 0.63 – 1.00
Douglas S, et al. Circulation 2010; 122: 1806-14
RehospitalisationforHF
44%Cardiac condition
16%Adherence
Gheorghiade et al. JACC 2013;61:391-403
Post-dischargevisit
New care
pathway
discussion
Volume
status
assesment
Drugs &
doses
evaluation
Tests &
procedures
organisation
Patient
education/
Rehab
Idealtimeforfirstfollow-upvisit?
Among those readmitted after the first 30 days post-discharge
Darmarajan et al. JAMA (2013) 309, 355–63
13%Days 0 – 3
32%Days 0 – 7
60%Days 0 – 15
Risk of event after discharge : option 1
Discharge
Time
Risk of event after discharge : option 2
17
Initialrisk
awaited
observed
0

Discharge
Time
HF
prevalence
Cardiologists
HF
prevalence
Cardiologists
• Adherence
• Involvement
• Anticipation
• Diagnosis
• Coordination
• Titration
• Comorbidity
management
• Education
• Monitoring
• Care
• (Titration)
• Responsiveness
• Optimisation
• Comorbidity
management
Cardiologist Nurse
Patient
General
Practitionner• Risk stratification
• Cure
• Expertise
• Invasive procedure
Hospital
Organisation
 Private practice cardiologists have a major role in post discharge
management after hospitalisation for HF.
 Recognition of high-risk patients is mandatory to correctly stratify the
time of the first cardiological appointment. Cardiologists must be
available for these patients.
 Task delegation, hospital and private practitionner coordination,
severity-adapted management are mandatory to deal with cardiologists
limited available time and increasing HF prevalence
Merci !
Simon Stålenhag – The Electric State
1 of 16

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Comment éviter les réhospitalisation : enjeux et difficultés du suivi cardiologique en ville

Editor's Notes

  1. Le parcours de soin est pris en défaut par la diversité des tableaux, l’impression de bénignité parfois renvoyée, l’âge des patients Il manque avant tout une relation entre les intervenants… Le suivi de l’IC est complexe en raison de la multiplicité des intervenants (MG, cardiologue, infirmiers libéraux (IDEL), pharmaciens, éducateur en activité physique adaptée en santé, kinésithérapeute, diététicien, ...) dont la coordination est souvent dépendante des habitudes locales et du bon vouloir de chacun. Pour les patients les plus sévères, l’impact sur le pronostic est majeur.
  2. Remboursements moyens effectués par en ALD pour IC, en 2007
  3. A un mois, un quart des patients n’aura même pas vu son MG
  4. NNT 31 Douglas et al : Etude canadienne rétrospective sur plus de 10.000 patients entre 2004 et 2007. Propensity score. Etude à un an. Mortalité : -25% si MG vs rien. Également augmentation du nombre de patient sous ttt recommandé. angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (58.8% versus 54.6%), angiotensin receptor blockers (22.7% versus 18.1%), -adrenoceptor antagonists (63.4% versus 48.0%), loop diuretics (84.2% versus 79.6%), metolazone (4.8% versus 3.4%), and spironolactone (19.8% versus 12.7%) within 100 days after emergency department discharge
  5. Sur 42000 patients Cardiac condition : arythmie, SCA, HTA Adhérence : sel et ttt Autre 40% : Pneumonie et autrs causes
  6. Hospitalization leads to rehospitalization. La consultation de sortie est là pour diminuer au maximum le risque de retour à l’hôpital Cardiologue, généraliste, ne sont pas comptable de l’organization de la sortie et de ce qui a été prévu jusqu’à cette première consultation ; c’est le role de l’hôpital. Mais ils – et surtout le cardiologue – sont responsables de se rendre disponible pour accueillir le patient dans un délai coherent avec les données de la science et la sévérité du patient. The first follow-up visit should address specific aspects, including volume status, hemodynamic stability, kidney function and electrolytes, the regimen of recommended therapies, patient understanding, adherence challenges (including insurance/coverage issues), and goals of care. La congestion est le premier determinant de la réhospitalisation (JACC 2013,61,391 ; EHJ 2009,30,1666)
  7. Également diminution des réhospitalisations toutes causes (OR 0.59; IC95% 0.44 to 0.80, P = 0.001) and réhospitalisations pour IC (OR 0.44; IC95% 0.27 to 0.71, P = 0.001) (Jovicic et al BMC Cardiovascular Disorders 2006, 6:43) L’éducation thérapeutique est un complément indispensable du traitement pharmacologique de l’insuffisance cardiaque ESC 2016 : I A ACC/AHA 2013 : I A SFC 2013 : I A
  8. NNT : 25 Presque significatif pour all‐cause mortality in the long term (> 12 months follow up) (6 trials/comparisons (2845 participants): intervention 244/1418 (17.2%) vs control 280/1427 (19.6%) events): RR 0.88, 95% CI 0.75 to 1.02; high‐quality evidence). 
  9. Traitements : la titration est rarement faite parfaitement par le cardiologue traitant, encore moins par le généraliste… Consultation de contrôle chez le cardiologue après hospit probablement trop tardive
  10. Réhospitalisation à 3 mois : 25 % Réhospitalisation à 1 an : 45 % Décès dans l’année post hospitalisation : 29 %
  11. Phase de transition : Caractérisée par des perturbations hémodynamiques, cliniques et physiologiques présentes à la sortie et s’améliorant avec le temps. corrélées au pronostic. Mais le risque individuel est plus important qu’une phase temporelle arbitraire
  12. Sur 2000 – 2010 : prévalence IC + 30 %; nb de cardio + 8%
  13. Voir l’article de Van Spall et al EJHF Volume19, Issue11 2017 ; Pages 1427-1443 : diminution de la mortalité avec les IDE à domicile (0.78 (0.62–0.98) et les Disease management clinics (DMCs) (follow‐up visits at a hospital or community based clinic with comprehensive and multi‐disciplinary HF management) (0.80 (0.67–0.97)). Même efficacité pour les réadmission, de même que le suvi par IDE+téléphone L’augmentation du nombre de patients et la raréfaction du temps médical imposent de penser à de nouvelles organisations, calquées sur une organisation-type mais adaptées aux multiples contraintes locales. L’absence d’initiative volontaire de la cardiologie libérale l’exposerait à une organisation imposée par les tutelles
  14. The elements of the hospitalization events and plans that are most crucial for continuity of care after discharge should be documented in a format that is available to all members of the outpatient team and easily accessible when a patient calls or returns with worsening symptoms
  15. Ainsi que Journal of the American College of Cardiology Volume 74, Issue 15, October 2019DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2019.08.001 PDF Article EXPERT CONSENSUS DECISION PATHWAY 2019 ACC Expert Consensus Decision Pathway on Risk Assessment, Management, and Clinical Trajectory of Patients Hospitalized With Heart Failure A Report of the American College of Cardiology Solution Set Oversight Committee Steven M. Hollenberg, Lynne Warner Stevenson, Tariq Ahmad, Vaibhav J. Amin, Biykem Bozkurt, Javed Butler, Leslie L. Davis, Mark H. Drazner, James N. Kirkpatrick, Pamela N. Peterson, Brent N. Reed, Christopher L. Roy and Alan B. Storrow
  16. Rien n’exclu que l’ETP ne devienne un impératif pour les assureurs Contrôle annuel : VO2, fer,…
  17. Mais le nombre important de patients hospitalisés pour IC rend difficile un suivi standardisé pour l’ensemble de la population concernée. De plus, le risque de réhospitalisation précoce est un risque individuel plus qu’une phase temporelle arbitraire de 7, 14 ou 21 jours pendant laquelle tous les patients seraient identiquement à risque. Il est donc primordial d’identifier les patients à haut risque de récidive, devant être vus rapidement, et de les différencier des patients à moindre risque pour lesquels une consultation plus tardive n’est pas synonyme de perte de chance. Cette stratification doit s’appuyer sur des scores pronostiques et sur une collaboration hôpital-ville permettant de sécuriser le retour à domicile des patients les plus à risque, et il est indispensable que les cardiologues de ville assurent la prise en charge rapide de ces patients dont le pronostic, pour certains, est plus sombre que la majorité des cancers.