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LINKED DATA and why we (librarians) should care BERMES, Emmanuelle Bibliothèque nationale de France Paris, France IFLA satellite pre-conference Emerging trends in technology : libraries between Web 2.0, semantic Web and search technology. Florence, August 19-20, 2009

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The Issue : how to put library data directly onto the Web ? <ul><li>Not another Protocol... </li></ul><ul><li>Not another API... </li></ul><ul><li>Just... THE WEB </li></ul>

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Silos of hidden data <ul><li>Library data are silos, inaccessible to Web architecture (no URL, no links) </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Library-specific protocols : Z39.50, SRU-SRW, OAI-PMH </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Application-specific protocols : Web services, APIs </li></ul></ul>

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Linked Data Principles <ul><li>Use URIs as names for things </li></ul><ul><li>Use HTTP URIs so that people can look up those names. </li></ul><ul><li>When someone looks up a URI, provide useful RDF information. </li></ul><ul><li>Include RDF statements that link to other URIs, so that they can discover related things. </li></ul>Linked Data principles based on Tim Berners-Lee

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1. Use URIs as names for things isbn:3791332724 OCLC number : 62342400 http://dbpedia.org/resource/Sandro_Botticelli http://viaf.org/19686406 http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119585037 http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvvPHiZwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/62342400 http://lccn.loc.gov/2005531285 <ul><li>A bottom-up approach </li></ul>

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2. Use HTTP URIs so that people can look up those names URI RDF/XML RDF/N3 ... HTML catalogue CONTENT NEGOTIATION

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3. When someone looks up a URI, provide useful RDF information.

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4. Include RDF statements that link to other URIs so that they can discover related things.

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... to a Web of applications... From a Web of documents...

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...To a Web of data

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Linked data cloud

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Linked data cloud General Interest resources

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Linked data cloud General Interest resources Social resources

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Linked data cloud General Interest resources Social resources Geographic & statistics resources

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Linked data cloud General Interest resources Social resources Geographic & statistics resources Multimedia resources

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Linked data cloud General Interest resources Social resources Geographic & statistics resources Multimedia resources Health care & life science resources

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Linked data cloud General Interest resources Social resources Geographic & statistics resources Multimedia resources Health care & life science resources Bibliographic resources

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An example : DBPedia Mobile

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Another example : BBC music Beta

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Can Bibliographic data be put directly onto the Semantic Web ? <ul><li>Structured data </li></ul><ul><li>Data Model Issues </li></ul><ul><li>A bottom-up approach </li></ul><ul><li>Martha Yee </li></ul><ul><li>Karen Coyle </li></ul><ul><li>Trust issues </li></ul><ul><li>Metadata about metadata </li></ul><ul><li>URI design issues </li></ul><ul><li>Matching criteria / identifiers </li></ul>Some issues...

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Can Librarians be put directly onto the Semantic Web ? <ul><li>Unpredictability of usage </li></ul><ul><li>Eric Hellman </li></ul><ul><li>Librarians speaking to machines </li></ul>

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Possible applications of libraries in the Linked Data <ul><li>Vocabularies & authorities </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Dublin Core Metadata Terms http://purl.org/dc/terms </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>VIAF http://viaf.org/ </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Library of Congress Authorities & vocabularies http://authorities.loc.gov </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Rameau http://stitch.cs.vu.nl/rameau </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>OAI-ORE : http://www.openarchives.org/ore/ </li></ul></ul><ul><li>Data & services </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Catalogues : Libris http://libris.kb.se/ </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Applications and services </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Real-world use cases </li></ul></ul>

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LINKED DATA a library use case

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A library use case... <ul><li>A publisher provides basic information about a book </li></ul>< http://www.booksInc.com/products/id/1223 > onix:productNumber ''978-0-5416-0148-2'' onix:productTitle ''Voyage à Florence'' onix:author ''John Doe'' onix:publisher ''Books Inc.''

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A library use case... <ul><li>The national library adds bibliographic and authority control </li></ul>< http://www.booksInc.com/products/id/1223 > onix:productNumber ''978-0-5416-0148-2'' onix:productTitle ''Voyage à Florence'' onix:author ''John Doe'' onix:publisher ''Books Inc.'' <http://www.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb123456x> dc:creator < http://viaf.org/34505049 > frbr:work ''ISTC 0A9-2002-12B4A105-7'' dc:subject <http://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85049192#concept>

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A library use case... <ul><li>My local library adds holding information </li></ul>< http://www.booksInc.com/products/id/1223 > onix:productNumber ''978-0-5416-0148-2'' onix:productTitle ''Voyage à Florence'' onix:author ''John Doe'' onix:publisher ''Books Inc.'' <http://www.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb123456x> dc:creator < http://viaf.org/34505049 > frbr:work ''ISTC 0A9-2002-12B4A105-7'' dc:subject <http://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85049192#concept> <http://www.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb123456x > mods:location < http://mylocalibrary.net > mods:shelfLocator ''914.4''

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A library use case... <ul><li>Some nice guy out there adds links from Wikipedia </li></ul>< http://www.booksInc.com/products/id/1223 > onix:productNumber ''978-0-5416-0148-2'' onix:productTitle ''Voyage à Florence'' onix:author ''John Doe'' onix:publisher ''Books Inc.'' <http://www.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb123456x> dc:creator < http://viaf.org/34505049 > frbr:work ''ISTC 0A9-2002-12B4A105-7'' dc:subject <http://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85049192#concept> <http://www.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb123456x> mods:location < http://mylocalibrary.net > mods:shelfLocator ''914.4'' < http://dbpedia.org/page/Florence > owl:sameas < http://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85049192#concept > dbprop:reference < http://www.booksInc.com/products/id/1223 >

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A library use case... < http://www.booksInc.com/products/id/1223 > onix:productNumber ''978-0-5416-0148-2'' onix:productTitle ''Voyage à Florence'' onix:author ''John Doe'' onix:publisher ''Books Inc.'' <http://www.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb123456x> dc:creator < http://viaf.org/34505049 > frbr:work ''ISTC 0A9-2002-12B4A105-7'' dc:subject <http://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85049192#concept> <http://www.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb123456x> mods:location < http://mylocalibrary.net > mods:shelfLocator ''914.4'' < http://dbpedia.org/page/Florence > owl:sameas < http://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85049192#concept > dbprop:reference < http://www.booksInc.com/products/id/1223 > <ul><li>My library's IT staff creates a Webpage where I can find all information regarding this book, links to related books from the same author, on the same subject, the author's bio from wikipedia, comments from Amazon... </li></ul>

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<ul><li>No crosswalk / mapping ! </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Each one uses his own metadata format, all triples can be aggregated </li></ul></ul><ul><li>No data redundancy ! </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Each one creates only the data he needs, and retrieves already existing information </li></ul></ul><ul><li>No harvesting ! </li></ul><ul><ul><li>The data is available directly on the Web </li></ul></ul><ul><li>No branding issue ! </li></ul><ul><ul><li>The URIs allow to track down the original data whatever its origin </li></ul></ul><ul><li>No software-specific developments ! </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Everything relies on open standards such as RDF, SPARQL... no need to learn a new protocol or query language </li></ul></ul>

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Thank you – Q&A References & credits: http://www.flickr.com/photos/library_of_congress/2178285893 Tim Berners Lee's conference on linked data, TED 2009 http://www.w3.org/2009/Talks/0204-ted-tbl http://www.flickr.com/photos/generated/501445202/ http://kcoyle.blogspot.com Martha Yee's article : http://repositories.cdlib.org/postprints/3369/ http://go-to-hellman.blogspot.com/2009/08/can-librarians-be-put-directly-onto.html Linked data tutorial at ISWC 2008 : http://events.linkeddata.org/iswc2008tutorial/