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Fall Protection

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OSHA’s Mission <ul><li>To Assure So Far as Possible Every Working Man and Woman in the Nation Safe and Healthful Working Conditions... </li></ul>

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Hierarchy of Fall Protection <ul><li>The less human effort for fall protection, the more effective the fall protection </li></ul>EFFECTIVENESS Most Effective Least Effective HUMAN EFFORT Least Effort Most Effort Eliminate Engineered Warning Training PPE

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Fall Protection - General Requirements <ul><li>Where workers on a construction site are exposed to vertical drops of 6 feet or more, OSHA requires that employers provide conventional fall protection in one of three ways before work begins: </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Placing guardrails around the hazard area </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Deploying safety nets </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Providing personal fall arrest systems for each employee </li></ul></ul>

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Alternative Procedures <ul><li>Directive STD 3-0.1A - Plain Language Revision of OSHA Instruction STD 3.1, “Interim Fall Protection Compliance Guidelines for Residential Construction” </li></ul><ul><li>Permits employers engaged in certain residential construction activities to use alternative procedures routinely instead of conventional fall protection </li></ul>

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Residential <ul><li>Must be engaged in residential construction and performing one of listed activities </li></ul><ul><li>Not Exempted! </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Still obligated to comply with other OSHA standards and conventional fall protection if alternative procedures are not used </li></ul></ul>unsafe practice

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Residential Construction <ul><li>Working environment, materials, methods and procedures are essentially same as single-family homes or townhouses </li></ul><ul><li>Characterized by: </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Materials: wood framing (not steel or concrete); Wooden floor joists and roof structures </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Methods: traditional wood frame construction techniques </li></ul></ul><ul><li>Discrete part of a large commercial building </li></ul>

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Listed Activities <ul><li>GROUP 1 - floor joists, floor sheathing, and roof sheathing; erecting exterior walls; setting & bracing roof trusses and rafters </li></ul><ul><li>GROUP 2 - concrete and block foundation walls and related formwork. </li></ul><ul><li>GROUP 3 - when performed in attics and on roofs : installing drywall, insulation, HVAC systems, electrical systems (including alarms, telephone lines, and cable TV), plumbing and carpentry </li></ul><ul><li>GROUP 4 - Roofing work - removal, repair, or installation of weatherproofing roofing materials such as shingles, tile and tar paper </li></ul>

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STD 3-0.1A <ul><li>Do not need to show conventional fall protection is infeasible </li></ul><ul><li>Fall protection plan is still required, but </li></ul><ul><ul><li>does not have to be written </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>not specific to the jobsite </li></ul></ul><ul><li>Each activity has its own set of alternative procedures </li></ul>Written Plan Not Required

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GROUP 1 - Alternative Procedures <ul><li>Fall protection plan found in Appendix E of Subpart M </li></ul><ul><li>Height limitation </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Structures up to 3 1/2 stories or 48 feet (including basement, two finished levels, attic) </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Measured from the base of the building, at the lowest ground level (including any excavation), to the point of greatest height </li></ul></ul><ul><li>Plan communicated to all employees on site subject to fall hazards </li></ul>floor joists, floor sheathing, and roof sheathing; erecting exterior walls; setting and bracing roof trusses and rafters

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GROUP 1 - Alternative Procedures <ul><li>Employee training coverage of the Fall Protection Plan must include: </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Requirements of the plan </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Understand procedures and follow instructions of supervisor or foreman </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Able to recognize unsafe/hazardous conditions and report them to the employer </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Recognize when compliance with the Plan would create a greater hazard and inform the Competent Person before proceeding </li></ul></ul><ul><li>Concerns raised by employees must be addressed </li></ul>floor joists, floor sheathing, and roof sheathing; erecting exterior walls; setting and bracing roof trusses and rafters

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<ul><li>Employer must designate: </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Competent Person </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Qualified Person </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Crew Supervisor or Foreman </li></ul></ul><ul><li>Supervisor and/or foreman can be the competent and qualified person </li></ul>GROUP 1 - Alternative Procedures floor joists, floor sheathing, and roof sheathing; erecting exterior walls; setting and bracing roof trusses and rafters

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GROUP 1 - Alternative Procedures <ul><li>&quot;Competent person&quot; means one who is capable of identifying existing and predictable hazards in the surroundings or working conditions which are unsanitary, hazardous, or dangerous to employees, and who has authorization to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate them. Ref.1926.32(f) </li></ul>floor joists, floor sheathing, and roof sheathing; erecting exterior walls; setting and bracing roof trusses and rafters

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GROUP 1 - Alternative Procedures <ul><li>Competent person will: </li></ul><ul><ul><li>be charged with implementing the plan </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>continually monitor compliance with the plan including: </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>provision of training </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>the proper use of controlled access zones </li></ul></ul></ul>floor joists, floor sheathing, and roof sheathing; erecting exterior walls; setting and bracing roof trusses and rafters

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GROUP 1 - Alternative Procedures <ul><li>&quot;Qualified&quot; person means one who, by possession of a recognized degree, certificate, or professional standing, or who by extensive knowledge, training, and experience, has successfully demonstrated his ability to solve or resolve problems relating to the subject matter, the work, or the project. Ref. 1926.32(m) </li></ul><ul><li>Person is designated </li></ul><ul><li>Reviews & approves any changes to the plan </li></ul>floor joists, floor sheathing, and roof sheathing; erecting exterior walls; setting and bracing roof trusses and rafters

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GROUP 1 - Alternative Procedures <ul><li>Designated crew supervisor or foreman </li></ul><ul><ul><li>responsible for the immediate correction of any unsafe practice or condition </li></ul></ul>floor joists, floor sheathing, and roof sheathing; erecting exterior walls; setting and bracing roof trusses and rafters Unstable footing, scaffold re-erected with proper mud sill placement

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GROUP 1 - Alternative Procedures <ul><li>Controlled access zone (CAZ) - restricts access to a clearly designated area where a Group 1 activity is taking place </li></ul><ul><li>The CAZ must meet the following requirements: </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Boundaries - clearly marked eg. signs, wires, tapes, ropes or chains </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Crew supervisor/foreman monitors </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Restricted access to authorized (trained) entrants </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Final check - before work begins, the competent person must ensure that all protective measures in the plan have been implemented </li></ul></ul>floor joists, floor sheathing, and roof sheathing; erecting exterior walls; setting and bracing roof trusses and rafters unsafe condition

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GROUP 1 - Alternative Procedures <ul><li>Plan Administration </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Employer Enforcement </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Crew supervisor/foreman, Safety and Personnel department have the right to issue disciplinary warnings </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Unsafe practices or conditions must be corrected immediately </li></ul></ul></ul>floor joists, floor sheathing, and roof sheathing; erecting exterior walls; setting and bracing roof trusses and rafters unsafe practice

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GROUP 1 - Alternative Procedures <ul><li>Plan Administration </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Plan Changes/Review To The Plan </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Qualified person approves changes to Plan </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Review Plan as the job progresses to determine the need for additional practices, procedures or training </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Retrain employees on any new procedures </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Accident Investigation </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>All accidents reported and investigated </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Investigation documented </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Review Plan in event of falls or other serious incidents </li></ul></ul></ul>floor joists, floor sheathing, and roof sheathing; erecting exterior walls; setting and bracing roof trusses and rafters

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GROUP 1 - Alternative Procedures <ul><li>Installing Roof Trusses and Erecting Rafters </li></ul><ul><li>Additional Requirements </li></ul><ul><li>Walls Up To 8 Feet </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Use interior scaffolds, below the area where the trusses/rafters will be located </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Sawhorse scaffolds acceptable </li></ul></ul><ul><li>Walls Over 8 Feet </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Falling Objects - restricted access during truss installation </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Brace trusses before being used as a support </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Designate the trained workers for top plate and peak work </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Top plate workers have no other duties during truss erection </li></ul></ul>floor joists, floor sheathing, and roof sheathing; erecting exterior walls; setting and bracing roof trusses and rafters

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GROUP 1 - Alternative Procedures <ul><li>Working on top plate - Additional Requirements </li></ul><ul><ul><li>First two trusses set from supported ladders </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Once set, worker will climb ladder onto the interior top plate to secure peaks </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Use previously stabilized trusses as support while other trusses/rafters are erected </li></ul></ul>floor joists, floor sheathing, and roof sheathing; erecting exterior walls; setting and bracing roof trusses and rafters

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GROUP 1 - Alternative Procedures <ul><li>Working at peak - Additional Requirements </li></ul><ul><ul><li>While detaching trusses from cranes or securing trusses at the peaks, worker may: </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>be positioned at the peak of the trusses/rafters </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>be stationed on the top of the ridge beam when it is the only feasible way to secure rafters to the ridge beam </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Workers at the peak, in the web of trusses, or on top of the ridge beam must work from a stable position </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>sit on a ridge seat (or the equivalent) or </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>position themselves in previously stabilized trusses/rafters, and lean into and reach through the trusses/rafters </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Do not remain on or in the peak/ridge any longer than necessary </li></ul></ul>floor joists, floor sheathing, and roof sheathing; erecting exterior walls; setting and bracing roof trusses and rafters

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GROUP 1 - Alternative Procedures <ul><li>Roof Sheathing Operations - </li></ul><ul><li>Additional Requirements </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Competent person must determine when the roof system is stable enough to support conventional fall protection system anchorage </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Once roof system is stable enough for anchorage, personal fall arrest systems must be used </li></ul></ul>floor joists, floor sheathing, and roof sheathing; erecting exterior walls; setting and bracing roof trusses and rafters

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GROUP 1 - Alternative Procedures <ul><li>Roof Sheathing Operations - Additional Requirements </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Provisions that can be apply until the roof system is stable: </li></ul></ul>floor joists, floor sheathing, and roof sheathing; erecting exterior walls; setting and bracing roof trusses and rafters Qualified Workers Staging of Materials Secure Footing/Weather Slide Guards Falling Objects/Restricted Access

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GROUP 1 - Alternative Procedures <ul><li>Roof Sheathing Operations - Additional Requirements </li></ul><ul><li>Only qualified workers </li></ul><ul><li>Secure Footing/Weather </li></ul><ul><ul><li>remove slip hazards </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>suspend roof sheathing when wet </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>suspend roof sheathing when winds > 40 mph </li></ul></ul><ul><li>Stage materials for quick access </li></ul><ul><li>Falling Objects - restricted access during sheathing installation </li></ul><ul><li>Provide 4 inch slide guards </li></ul>floor joists, floor sheathing, and roof sheathing; erecting exterior walls; setting and bracing roof trusses and rafters unsafe practice

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Slide guard requirements for roof sheathing are different from those for roof work (Group 4 Activity)

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<ul><li>Installation of Floor Joists and Floor Sheathing </li></ul><ul><li>Additional Requirements </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Designate trained workers </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Stage materials for quick access </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Restricted access of those not assisting - do not permit within 6 feet from the leading edge </li></ul></ul>GROUP 1 - Alternative Procedures floor joists, floor sheathing, and roof sheathing; erecting exterior walls; setting and bracing roof trusses and rafters unsafe condition

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GROUP 1 - Alternative Procedures <ul><li>Installation Process of Floor Joists - </li></ul><ul><li>Additional Requirements </li></ul><ul><ul><li>First floor joist or truss rolled into position and secured by workers on the ground, ladders, or sawhorse scaffolds </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Successive joists/trusses must be rolled into place and secured from platform </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Platform is built by laying a sheet of plywood over the previously secured floor joists or trusses </li></ul></ul>floor joists, floor sheathing, and roof sheathing; erecting exterior walls; setting and bracing roof trusses and rafters unsafe practice

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GROUP 1 - Alternative Procedures floor joists, floor sheathing, and roof sheathing; erecting exterior walls; setting and bracing roof trusses and rafters <ul><li>Installation Process of Floor Sheathing </li></ul><ul><li>Additional Requirements </li></ul><ul><li>First row of floor sheathing installed by workers on the ground, ladders, or sawhorse scaffolds </li></ul><ul><li>After the first row of sheathing has been installed, workers shall work from the established deck </li></ul>unsafe practice

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GROUP 1 - Alternative Procedures <ul><li>Erection of Exterior Walls - Additional Requirements </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Designate trained workers </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Stage materials for quick access </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Limit fall hazard exposure by cutting material away from edge of deck </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Paint warning line 6 feet from the perimeter before any wall erection activities and provide monitor for those working near the unprotected edge </li></ul></ul>floor joists, floor sheathing, and roof sheathing; erecting exterior walls; setting and bracing roof trusses and rafters unsafe practice

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GROUP 2 - Alternative Procedures <ul><li>Procedures for protecting employees working at the top surface of block foundation walls, concrete foundation walls and related form work </li></ul>concrete and block foundation walls and related formwork unsafe practice

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GROUP 2 - Alternative Procedures <ul><li>Only trained workers allowed to work on the top of the foundation wall/form work, and only as necessary to complete the construction of the wall </li></ul><ul><li>All formwork shall be adequately supported before any worker may work on top of the form work </li></ul>concrete and block foundation walls and related formwork unsafe practice

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GROUP 2 - Alternative Procedures <ul><li>When adverse weather creates a hazardous condition, operations shall be suspended </li></ul><ul><li>Impalement hazards shall be cleared from the area below workers or shall be properly guarded </li></ul><ul><li>Stage materials for quick access </li></ul>concrete and block foundation walls and related formwork

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GROUP 3 - Alternative Procedures <ul><li>Procedures for activities when performed in attics and on roofs: installing drywall, insulation, HVAC systems, electrical systems (including alarms, telephone lines, and Cable TV), plumbing and carpentry </li></ul>activities when performed in attics and on roofs drywall, insulation, HVAC systems, electrical systems, plumbing and carpentry

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GROUP 3 - Alternative Procedures <ul><li>Only trained workers allowed to work in attics and roofs, and only as necessary to complete system being installed </li></ul><ul><li>Stage materials for quick access </li></ul><ul><li>Impalement hazards shall be kept out of the area below workers or shall be properly guarded </li></ul><ul><li>Restrict access to areas below openings in ceilings to reduce falling object hazards </li></ul><ul><li>When adverse weather creates a hazardous condition, operations shall be suspended </li></ul>activities when performed in attics and on roofs drywall, insulation, HVAC systems, electrical systems, plumbing and carpentry

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GROUP 4 - Alternative Procedures <ul><li>Procedures for activities in roofing work (removal, repair, or installation of weatherproofing roofing materials such as shingles, tile and tar paper) </li></ul>roofing work (removal, repair, or installation of weatherproofing roofing materials such as shingles, tile and tar paper unsafe practice

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GROUP 4 - Alternative Procedures <ul><li>Roofs with eave height over 25 feet </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Any Slope </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Any Roof Type </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Alternatives to the Requirements of the Standards are not Available </li></ul></ul>roofing work (removal, repair, or installation of weatherproofing roofing materials such as shingles, tile and tar paper unsafe practice

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GROUP 4 - Alternative Procedures <ul><li>General requirements: </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Only workers trained to be proficient in the alternative methods of fall protection shall be allowed onto the roof </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Affected employees shall be trained in specific awareness of fall hazards associated with work on roofs with rake edges </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Inspect for and eliminate any slipping hazards or take effective measures to have workers avoid slipping hazards </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Workers must wear appropriate footwear </li></ul></ul>roofing work (removal, repair, or installation of weatherproofing roofing materials such as shingles, tile and tar paper

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GROUP 4 - Alternative Procedures <ul><li>General requirements: </li></ul><ul><ul><li>When adverse weather creates a hazardous condition, operations shall be suspended </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Repair any roof deck damage </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Cover or guard any holes, including skylight openings </li></ul></ul>roofing work (removal, repair, or installation of weatherproofing roofing materials such as shingles, tile and tar paper unsafe practice

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GROUP 4 - Alternative Procedures <ul><li>General requirements: </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Erect and maintain ladders or scaffolds in accordance to Subparts X and L </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Trained employees in accordance with the requirements of Subparts X & L </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Do not ascend or descend the roof's slope within 6 ft of the rake edge except where limitation would prevent work process </li></ul></ul>roofing work (removal, repair, or installation of weatherproofing roofing materials such as shingles, tile and tar paper unsafe practice

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GROUP 4 - Alternative Procedures <ul><li>General requirements: </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Do not store supplies and materials within 6 feet of the rake edge or three feet where tile roof systems are being installed </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Keep area below eaves and rakes clear of impalement hazards or properly guard hazards </li></ul></ul>roofing work (removal, repair, or installation of weatherproofing roofing materials such as shingles, tile and tar paper

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GROUP 4 - Alternative Procedures <ul><li>For Roofs With Eave Height of up to 25 Feet </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Roof Slope (Any Roof Type): Up to 4 in 12 </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Use either safety monitoring system that complies with 1926.502 or roofing slide guards </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Roof Slope (Except Tile or Metal Roofs): Over 4 in 12 and up to 8 in 12: </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Slide guards are required </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Tile or Metal Roofs - safety monitoring system may be used instead of slide guards </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Roof Slope over 8 in 12 - Alternatives not available </li></ul></ul>roofing work (removal, repair, or installation of weatherproofing roofing materials such as shingles, tile and tar paper

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GROUP 4 - Alternative Procedures <ul><li>Slide Guards: </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Roof Slope: 6 in 12 or less </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Constructed of 2&quot;x 6&quot; (nominal) stock </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>No more than three rows of roofing material (installed across the lower eave) shall be applied before installing the slide guards </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Roof jacks (or similar supports) shall be installed using nails long enough to withstand an employee sliding into the guard </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Face of the slide guard must be perpendicular to the surface of the roof </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Continuous slide guards along the eave </li></ul></ul></ul>roofing work (removal, repair, or installation of weatherproofing roofing materials such as shingles, tile and tar paper

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GROUP 4 - Alternative Procedures <ul><li>Slide Guards: </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Roof Slope: Over 6 in 12 (up to and including 8 in 12): </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Constructed of 2&quot;x 6&quot; (nominal) stock </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Continuous slide guards shall be installed along the eave </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Install additional slide guards below each work area at intervals not to exceed eight feet </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Slide guards at the eave must be at about 90 degrees to the roof surface </li></ul></ul></ul><ul><ul><ul><li>Additional slide guards need not be continuous or at 90 degrees to the roof surface </li></ul></ul></ul>roofing work (removal, repair, or installation of weatherproofing roofing materials such as shingles, tile and tar paper

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INTERIM FALL PROTECTION COMPLIANCE GUILDELINE FOR RESIDENTIAL ROOFING WORK Slide guard requirements for roofing are different from those for roof sheathing (Group 1 Activity)

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INTERIM FALL PROTECTION COMPLIANCE GUILDELINE FOR RESIDENTIAL ROOFING WORK Slide guard requirements for roofing are different from those for roof sheathing (Group 1 Activity)

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CITATION POLICY <ul><li>The compliance officer must determine if STD 3-0.1A provides alternative procedures for the activity in question </li></ul><ul><li>If there is a deficiency in the implementation of the alternative procedures </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Violation of 1926.501(b)(13) – duty to have fall protection –residential </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Possible violation of 1926.20 – construction, general safety and health program </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Other standards as applicable: scaffold, ladder, tools, electrical, PPE, etc. </li></ul></ul>

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QUESTIONS? Please visit the OSHA website at www.osha.gov or call your local OSHA office To print slides, remove background