1.
The Awik-awik:
Revitalization of Right-based Fisheries in Jor Bay, East Lombok,
Indonesia
Dedi S. Adhuri (dediadhuri@hormail.com)
Research Center for Society and Culture, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI)
Jakarta, INDONESIA

2.
The Outline
• Introduction
• Scene Setting of the
Fishery
• The User-rights story
• The gains and pain
• Lessons learned

3.
Ecosystem Approach to Small Scale Tropical Marine Fisheries (EAFM)?
• EAFM is a holistic approach to fisheries
management that involves the entire socio-biotic
system.
• The FAO definition is“....an ecosystem approach
to fisheries (EAF) strives to balance diverse
societal objectives, by taking account of the
knowledge and uncertainties of biotic, abiotic
and human components of ecosystems and their
interactions and applying an integrated approach
to fisheries within ecologically meaningful
boundaries.”
• An ecosystem approach is different from the way
fisheries have been management historically
where the focus is usually on a single species.
Introduction

4.
Testing & adoption of
Development plan
Practical Steps for the development of EAFM
Technology
Economy
Fish resources
Institutions
Habitat
Focus Group
discussions
Workshop
Key Informant
interview
Stakeholder Consultations:
Diagnosis
Setting of Indicators (resource
condition & community needs)
&
Fisheries Management Plan (based
on EAFM)
Year 1
Years 2
and 3
Output (sustainable livelihoods, food, income,
education)
Social

5.
Scene Setting of the Fishery
The Site
Lombok Island

6.
Settlement
Settlement Settlement
The location
Agriculture land
Jor Bay
Total Area : 1000 Ha.
2 Village communities
(4,115 HHs; 12,227 people)
1,475 floating cages for
lobster and grouper grow-
out
27 Ha Brackish fish pond

7.
The Fisheries
Lift netsGill net Circling net
247 boats ( 212 with small engines)

8.
The Use Rights Story
District regulation on participatory fisheries management did not work on the ground; lack of
government support for its implementation
Possible over-exploitation and pollution (:
squid fisheries has collapsed, marine
culture was introuble).
Low income from fisheries (Poverty)
Coastal abrasion that threatened
settlement
User conflicts:
Fishers – AQ farmers),
Local vs outside fishers (with more advance
or destructive gears/techniques)
Pond AQ vs Marine culture
Environmentally unfriendly pond AQ
The diagnosis: Challenges and Opportunities for fisheries management

9.
Management plan/options
1. Revitalization of Traditional Awik-awik
Management (in Jor Bay)
2. Mangrove Planting
3. Deployment of squid attractors and shallow Water
FAD
4. Livelihood supports:
- Training for boat engine repair;
- Training for AQ and marine culture up-
grade;
- Women group livelihoods support

10.
Revitalization of Traditional (Awik-awik)
Objectives :
1. Re-establish traditional regulation for EAFM
2. Establish co-management organization (committee)
for implementing EAFM
Approach:
1. “Development from the bottom’ (Community
discussions/workshops from settlement levels (12
workshops), village (2 workshops) up to sub-distric
levels (2 workshops)
2. Problems identification and regulation formulation

11.
Main elements:
1. defines management area (Kawasan Teluk Jor);
2. regulates the use of the area (i.e: fishing, floating cage,
fish farming and fish pond farming)
3. regulates habitat and coastal resources conservation (
i.e mangrove, fish resources, coral reef and sea grass
conservation, sand and rock mining prohibitions)
4. sets fines for any wrong doing against the regulations.
5. appoints the Pemangku Awik-awik Teluk Jor (PATJ) as
the implementing agency for the bay management
The Awik-awik

12.
The Management Area

13.
6. Squid Attractor and Shallow Water FAD Introduction
Objectives:
1. stimulate resettlement of squid
population
2. re-establish squid fisheries
(management)
3. creating fish’s shelter for
increasing fish population in
adjacent water
4. increase productivity for coastal
fisheries
5. Provide incentive for the
development of EAFM

14.
Mangrove Planting
Objectives :
1. Rehabilate mangrove forest
2. Increase coastal productivity
3. Increase posibilities for the development of
mangrove related livelihoods
4. Stimulate the development of EAFM
Approach :
Community-based mangrove planting, maintenance and
management

15.
Location of mangrove plantings
10 Ha
Funded by IMACS and TNC
Activities led by LPSDN

16.
Mangrove seedlings (Rhizophora mucronata and Rhizophora stylosa)

17.
Squid attractor prototypes

18.
Fish Aggregating Device (FAD)

19.
In class training
Making
squid
collector

20.
Livelihood supports
Training on post harvest processing and
marketing development.
Training on aquaculture improvement,
focusing on grouper floating cage culture.
Training on mechanic for fisheries related
machineries/engines/motors
Training on household financial
management

21.
The Gains and the Pain
Squid eggs
Squid population is re-building
The management institution
is in place although not
perfect (need some
improvement)
More control and monitoring over
the management area (: no more
destructive fishing, decrease conflict
within and between different users,
relative balance between ecosystem
use and nurture )
New products and better marketing
30% survival rate
No apparent result from AQ
and Marine culture

22.
Lessons Learned
Starts from local opportunities and challenges
Participatory and collaborative
Balance options of environtmental rehabilitation/enchancement and livelihoods
development (short term and long term gains)
Exit Stategy and sustainability
Community is not a single compact entity:
negotiations start from below

23.
Supporting Institutions