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Ex-situ Gene Bank Management
in Egypt
Dr. Abeer Elhalwagi
Senior Researcher, National Genebank and
Genetic Resources (NGB), Egypt
Utilization of Molecular Markers for PGRFA
Characterization and Pre-Breeding for Climate Changes Aug. 31st- Sept. 4th, 2014
Introduction
2
• Location of Egypt
 Northeastern Corner of Africa
 Western Extension of Asia (The Sinai Peninsula)
 Borders Libya to the West , Sudan to the South
Introduction
3
1. Egypt’s total area is about 1,002,000 sq. km., of which, only 4 %
of the total area is populated;
2. Many regions are rich in wild plants and landraces, where 2094
plant species are identified of which 61 are endemic and 4 are
endangered;
3. Currently, the Egyptian agriculture is facing many challenges:
 Limited cultivated area and water supply;
 Desertification, deforestation, erosion, climate changes and overuse of
pesticides and other agrochemicals;
 New uniform crop varieties have replaced many of local varieties and
landraces leading to great losses of useful genes resistant to many biotic
and abiotic stresses.
Management of PGR in Egypt
4
In-Situ Conservation of PGR
5
1. Conservation in natural protectorates managed by the
Ministry of State for Environmental Affairs according
to the law No. 102 of 1983;
2. In 2012, the number of
natural protectorates
reached 30, of which 14
protectorates include
PGR.
3. The total area of all
natural protectorates
represent about 15% of
Egypt’s total area.
6
Ex-Situ Conservation of PGR
7
1. National Gene Bank (NGB).
NGB Objectives
8
 Plan and conduct exploration missions to survey the genetic resources in
their native habitat;
 Collection, Conservation, Identification, Characterization and Evaluation of
National Collections of Plant, Animal and Agricultural Microorganism
Genetic Resources;
 Strengthen the international cooperation in the field of GR;
 Facilitate the exchange of GR and related information under a Material
Transfer Agreement in compliance with the IT-PGRFA;
 Document all the information generated for each accession on the NGBGR
database;
 Enhance public awareness on the importance of maintaining genetic
resources and promoting in situ and on-farm conservation.
NGB Departments
9
• Field Crops;
• Horticultural Crops;
• Animal Genetic Resources;
• Agricultural-related micro-organisms.
NGB sections
10
• Genetic resources conservation section;
• Seed viability testing and regeneration section;
• Genetic resources evaluation section;
NGB labs
11
Cytogenetics lab
11
11
A1
11
11
A2
11
11
A3
11
11
A4
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11
A5
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11
A6
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11
A7
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11
B1
11
11
B2
11
11
B3
11
11
B4
11
11
B5
11
11
B6
11
11
B7
A7
B3
A3
B6
A2
B2
A6
B5
A4 A5
B4 B7B1
sat sat 2
A1
11
11
A1
11
11
A2
11
11
A3
11
11
A4
11
11
A5
11
11
A6
11
11
A7
11
11
B1
11
11
B2
11
11
B3
11
11
B4
11
11
B5
11
11
B6
11
11
B7
Wheat
12
Chemical Analysis Lab
13
Tissue culture lab
Isolation of the shoot
meristem
Different encapsulated meristems
14
Cryovial
Liquid nitrogen tank
Cryopreservation device
15
Molecular genetics lab
ISSR SSR AFLP
Microbiology Lab
NGB facilities
17
Farm
Green Houses
Botanical Garden
18
19
pomegranate local variety from
South Sinai
Collection Missions
Genebank Data information System in Egypt
20
• Documentation and information section;
Projects
21
Project Title Source of Fund Duration
On-farm conservation and in vitro preservation of Citrus local
varieties and sustainable utilization in Egypt.
International Treaty for Plant
Genetic Resources for Food and
Agriculture (IT-PGRFA)
2009 - 2011
National faba bean Rhizobium Germplasm collection, genotyping
and its potential use as inoculants.
Science and Technology
Development fund (STDF)
2010 – 2012
Characterization, preservation and studying the phytochemistry
and antibacterial activity of pomegranate germplasm.
Science and Technology
Development fund (STDF)
2010 – 2012
Sustainable utilization of agriculture biodiversity to develop the
local communities in the western desert.
Agricultural Research and
Development Fund (ARDF)
2010 – 2013
Conservation and Utilization of Egyptian Wild Flora to Improve
Salinity Tolerance
in Cereals
Science and Technology
Development fund (STDF)
2012 – 2015
Optimizing the Use of Plant Genetic Resources for Food and
Agriculture for Adaptation to Climate Change (TCP/SNO/3401)
Food and Agriculture Organization
(FAO)
1/2/2013 –
31/1/2015
Sustainable use of landraces and genetic resources to improve
wheat tolerance to heat stress for food security
International Treaty for Plant
Genetic Resources for Food and
Agriculture (IT-PGRFA)
1/3/2014 –
1/3/2016
22
Achievements of NGB During the last 10 years
• Field Crops Department
The total number of collecting accessions until now is 4211
accession
1- Vegetable and wild crops
Crop Number Propagation Characterization Evaluation
Okra 147 147 40 40
Watermelon 10 10
Pea 48
Onion 124
Eggplant 17
Spinach 36
Lettuce 42 42
Khela 265
Castor 34 34
Cabbage 10
Beans 79
23
Achievements of NGB During the last 10 years
• Field Crops Department
2- Field crops
Crop Number Propagation Characterization Evaluation
Barley 178 178 178
Rice 39 34 34 20
Wheat 468 468 468 108
Bean – Local var. 128 128 128
Alfalfa 120 88 88 88
Trefoil 44
Millet 45
Peanut 7
Sesame 60 60 60
Maize 169
Lupine 102 102 102 38
24
Achievements of NGB During the last 10 years
• Horticultural Crops Department
1- Micro-propagation medium and long term conservation
Crop Variety Crop Variety
Grape Balady – Romy Red-
Matrouh black- Siwei red-
Siwei white- Al ghribi
Fig White fig- Black fig- Soltani
fig
Guava Balady Citrus Sour lime- Eureke Lemon –
Balady lime- Rough Lemon-
Troyer citrange
Pomegranate Hamed – Sweet – Sour-
Manfalouty- Wardy-
Hejazy- Assiuty
Apple Balady
Ornamentals Clastimo Vegetables Sweet potato- Strawberry
25
Achievements of NGB During the last 10 years
• Horticultural Crops Department
2- Medium and long term conservation
Medium term conservation
Grape Romy Red- Bez El-Anza-
Matrouh black-
Fig White fig- Black fig- Soltani
fig
Apple Balady Citrus Sweet lime- Sour lime-
Eureke Lemon – Balady
mandarin
Banana Gerandnan
Long term conservation : Grape
26
Achievements of NGB During the last 10 years
• Molecular Genetic Lab.
Plant No. of Samples Molecular Marker
Alfalfa -Kharga 250 ISSR (5)
SSR (5)
Alfalfa-Dakhla 160 ISSR (5)
Alfalfa-Farafra 100 ISSR (5)
Alfalfa-Siwa 110 ISSR (5)
Wild flora
(salinity tolerant)
84 ISSR (20)
Wheat 44 SSR (10)
Lepinus 20 ISSR (17)
Okra 29 AFLP (5)
ISSR (42)
Castor 8 ISSR (20)
Tomato 10 ISSR (10)
RAPD (10)
Grape 3 ISSR (10)
Pomegranate 29 AFLP (2)
Sheep 10 SSR (10)
Goat 9 SSR (10)
Citrus groups 183 ISSR (10)
Corchorus 8 ISSR (17)
27
Achievements of NGB During the last 10 years
• Cytogenetics Lab.
28
Achievements of NGB During the last 10 years
Chemical Analysis Lab.
• Evaluation of Physiochemical characteristics of 32 species of
Pomegranate germplasm, 68 accession of Citrus, 60 accession of
Grape, 11 accession of Guava and 66 accession of Olive
Physiochemical analysis included:
• Titratable Acidity (TA), pH, Soluble Solids Content (SSC), Plant
Material and Extraction, Seed Oil Extraction, Determination of the
Total Amount of Anthocyanin and Determinations of vitamin C
• Chemical assessment of 200 accession of (Alfalfa) Medicago
sativa L. collected from oases, 80 accession of Barley, more than
300 accession of Wheat, 20 accession of Sesame and 44
accession of faba bean.
Chemical analysis included:
• Moisture and dry matter content , Ash content, Determination of
total phenols, Determination of total Carbohydrate,
Determination of total Protein
29
Other Organizations involved directly in plant genetic
resources ex-situ conservation activities:
• Agriculture Research Center Research Institutions;
• Desert Research Center (DRC);
• National Research Center (NRC);
• Faculties of agriculture (17) and science (15) of
different Egyptian universities.
2. Botanical Gardens
30
No.
Name of
Botanical Garden
Present
Area
(Feddan)*
Date
of Establishment
No. of
Species
1 Alex. Univ. Fac. of Sci. 2 1942 500
2 Aswan Garden 17 1928 371
3 El Saff Botanic Garden 17 1893 -
4 Orman Botanic Garden, Giza 28 1873 114
5 Qubba Palace, Cairo 124 1960 350
6 Sabahia Horticultural Research Station
- 1958 -
* Feddan = 4200 m2
Legislative Frame Work: Laws
31
 Law No. 53 of 1966;
 Law No. 102 of 1983;
 Law No. 82 of 2002;
Legislative Frame Work (Ministerial Decrees)
32
 Ministerial Decree No. 1920 of 2003;
 Ministerial Decree No. 335 of 2005;
 Ministerial Decree No. 862 of 2005;
33

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Ex-situ Gene Bank Management in Egypt

  • 1. Ex-situ Gene Bank Management in Egypt Dr. Abeer Elhalwagi Senior Researcher, National Genebank and Genetic Resources (NGB), Egypt Utilization of Molecular Markers for PGRFA Characterization and Pre-Breeding for Climate Changes Aug. 31st- Sept. 4th, 2014
  • 2. Introduction 2 • Location of Egypt  Northeastern Corner of Africa  Western Extension of Asia (The Sinai Peninsula)  Borders Libya to the West , Sudan to the South
  • 3. Introduction 3 1. Egypt’s total area is about 1,002,000 sq. km., of which, only 4 % of the total area is populated; 2. Many regions are rich in wild plants and landraces, where 2094 plant species are identified of which 61 are endemic and 4 are endangered; 3. Currently, the Egyptian agriculture is facing many challenges:  Limited cultivated area and water supply;  Desertification, deforestation, erosion, climate changes and overuse of pesticides and other agrochemicals;  New uniform crop varieties have replaced many of local varieties and landraces leading to great losses of useful genes resistant to many biotic and abiotic stresses.
  • 4. Management of PGR in Egypt 4
  • 5. In-Situ Conservation of PGR 5 1. Conservation in natural protectorates managed by the Ministry of State for Environmental Affairs according to the law No. 102 of 1983;
  • 6. 2. In 2012, the number of natural protectorates reached 30, of which 14 protectorates include PGR. 3. The total area of all natural protectorates represent about 15% of Egypt’s total area. 6
  • 7. Ex-Situ Conservation of PGR 7 1. National Gene Bank (NGB).
  • 8. NGB Objectives 8  Plan and conduct exploration missions to survey the genetic resources in their native habitat;  Collection, Conservation, Identification, Characterization and Evaluation of National Collections of Plant, Animal and Agricultural Microorganism Genetic Resources;  Strengthen the international cooperation in the field of GR;  Facilitate the exchange of GR and related information under a Material Transfer Agreement in compliance with the IT-PGRFA;  Document all the information generated for each accession on the NGBGR database;  Enhance public awareness on the importance of maintaining genetic resources and promoting in situ and on-farm conservation.
  • 9. NGB Departments 9 • Field Crops; • Horticultural Crops; • Animal Genetic Resources; • Agricultural-related micro-organisms.
  • 10. NGB sections 10 • Genetic resources conservation section; • Seed viability testing and regeneration section; • Genetic resources evaluation section;
  • 11. NGB labs 11 Cytogenetics lab 11 11 A1 11 11 A2 11 11 A3 11 11 A4 11 11 A5 11 11 A6 11 11 A7 11 11 B1 11 11 B2 11 11 B3 11 11 B4 11 11 B5 11 11 B6 11 11 B7 A7 B3 A3 B6 A2 B2 A6 B5 A4 A5 B4 B7B1 sat sat 2 A1 11 11 A1 11 11 A2 11 11 A3 11 11 A4 11 11 A5 11 11 A6 11 11 A7 11 11 B1 11 11 B2 11 11 B3 11 11 B4 11 11 B5 11 11 B6 11 11 B7 Wheat
  • 13. 13 Tissue culture lab Isolation of the shoot meristem Different encapsulated meristems
  • 18. 18
  • 19. 19 pomegranate local variety from South Sinai Collection Missions
  • 20. Genebank Data information System in Egypt 20 • Documentation and information section;
  • 21. Projects 21 Project Title Source of Fund Duration On-farm conservation and in vitro preservation of Citrus local varieties and sustainable utilization in Egypt. International Treaty for Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (IT-PGRFA) 2009 - 2011 National faba bean Rhizobium Germplasm collection, genotyping and its potential use as inoculants. Science and Technology Development fund (STDF) 2010 – 2012 Characterization, preservation and studying the phytochemistry and antibacterial activity of pomegranate germplasm. Science and Technology Development fund (STDF) 2010 – 2012 Sustainable utilization of agriculture biodiversity to develop the local communities in the western desert. Agricultural Research and Development Fund (ARDF) 2010 – 2013 Conservation and Utilization of Egyptian Wild Flora to Improve Salinity Tolerance in Cereals Science and Technology Development fund (STDF) 2012 – 2015 Optimizing the Use of Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture for Adaptation to Climate Change (TCP/SNO/3401) Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) 1/2/2013 – 31/1/2015 Sustainable use of landraces and genetic resources to improve wheat tolerance to heat stress for food security International Treaty for Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (IT-PGRFA) 1/3/2014 – 1/3/2016
  • 22. 22 Achievements of NGB During the last 10 years • Field Crops Department The total number of collecting accessions until now is 4211 accession 1- Vegetable and wild crops Crop Number Propagation Characterization Evaluation Okra 147 147 40 40 Watermelon 10 10 Pea 48 Onion 124 Eggplant 17 Spinach 36 Lettuce 42 42 Khela 265 Castor 34 34 Cabbage 10 Beans 79
  • 23. 23 Achievements of NGB During the last 10 years • Field Crops Department 2- Field crops Crop Number Propagation Characterization Evaluation Barley 178 178 178 Rice 39 34 34 20 Wheat 468 468 468 108 Bean – Local var. 128 128 128 Alfalfa 120 88 88 88 Trefoil 44 Millet 45 Peanut 7 Sesame 60 60 60 Maize 169 Lupine 102 102 102 38
  • 24. 24 Achievements of NGB During the last 10 years • Horticultural Crops Department 1- Micro-propagation medium and long term conservation Crop Variety Crop Variety Grape Balady – Romy Red- Matrouh black- Siwei red- Siwei white- Al ghribi Fig White fig- Black fig- Soltani fig Guava Balady Citrus Sour lime- Eureke Lemon – Balady lime- Rough Lemon- Troyer citrange Pomegranate Hamed – Sweet – Sour- Manfalouty- Wardy- Hejazy- Assiuty Apple Balady Ornamentals Clastimo Vegetables Sweet potato- Strawberry
  • 25. 25 Achievements of NGB During the last 10 years • Horticultural Crops Department 2- Medium and long term conservation Medium term conservation Grape Romy Red- Bez El-Anza- Matrouh black- Fig White fig- Black fig- Soltani fig Apple Balady Citrus Sweet lime- Sour lime- Eureke Lemon – Balady mandarin Banana Gerandnan Long term conservation : Grape
  • 26. 26 Achievements of NGB During the last 10 years • Molecular Genetic Lab. Plant No. of Samples Molecular Marker Alfalfa -Kharga 250 ISSR (5) SSR (5) Alfalfa-Dakhla 160 ISSR (5) Alfalfa-Farafra 100 ISSR (5) Alfalfa-Siwa 110 ISSR (5) Wild flora (salinity tolerant) 84 ISSR (20) Wheat 44 SSR (10) Lepinus 20 ISSR (17) Okra 29 AFLP (5) ISSR (42) Castor 8 ISSR (20) Tomato 10 ISSR (10) RAPD (10) Grape 3 ISSR (10) Pomegranate 29 AFLP (2) Sheep 10 SSR (10) Goat 9 SSR (10) Citrus groups 183 ISSR (10) Corchorus 8 ISSR (17)
  • 27. 27 Achievements of NGB During the last 10 years • Cytogenetics Lab.
  • 28. 28 Achievements of NGB During the last 10 years Chemical Analysis Lab. • Evaluation of Physiochemical characteristics of 32 species of Pomegranate germplasm, 68 accession of Citrus, 60 accession of Grape, 11 accession of Guava and 66 accession of Olive Physiochemical analysis included: • Titratable Acidity (TA), pH, Soluble Solids Content (SSC), Plant Material and Extraction, Seed Oil Extraction, Determination of the Total Amount of Anthocyanin and Determinations of vitamin C • Chemical assessment of 200 accession of (Alfalfa) Medicago sativa L. collected from oases, 80 accession of Barley, more than 300 accession of Wheat, 20 accession of Sesame and 44 accession of faba bean. Chemical analysis included: • Moisture and dry matter content , Ash content, Determination of total phenols, Determination of total Carbohydrate, Determination of total Protein
  • 29. 29 Other Organizations involved directly in plant genetic resources ex-situ conservation activities: • Agriculture Research Center Research Institutions; • Desert Research Center (DRC); • National Research Center (NRC); • Faculties of agriculture (17) and science (15) of different Egyptian universities.
  • 30. 2. Botanical Gardens 30 No. Name of Botanical Garden Present Area (Feddan)* Date of Establishment No. of Species 1 Alex. Univ. Fac. of Sci. 2 1942 500 2 Aswan Garden 17 1928 371 3 El Saff Botanic Garden 17 1893 - 4 Orman Botanic Garden, Giza 28 1873 114 5 Qubba Palace, Cairo 124 1960 350 6 Sabahia Horticultural Research Station - 1958 - * Feddan = 4200 m2
  • 31. Legislative Frame Work: Laws 31  Law No. 53 of 1966;  Law No. 102 of 1983;  Law No. 82 of 2002;
  • 32. Legislative Frame Work (Ministerial Decrees) 32  Ministerial Decree No. 1920 of 2003;  Ministerial Decree No. 335 of 2005;  Ministerial Decree No. 862 of 2005;
  • 33. 33