1.
Presentation by Árni M. Mathiesen
Assistant Director-General
Fisheries and Aquaculture Department
Food and Agriculture Organization of the
United Nations
23rd ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING OF SHAREHOLDERS OF THE
AFRICAN EXPORT-IMPORT BANK (AFREXIMBANK)
MAHE, SEYCHELLES , 20-22 JULY 2016
AFRICA’S NEW ECONOMY: INTRA-AFRICAN TRADE AND THE BLUE
ECONOMY AS CATALYSTS FOR ECONOMIC TRANSFORMATION
Plenary Session: The Blue Economy or Economy in the Blues:
Can Africa’s Seas and Oceans Transform the Continent?

2.
What is the potential?
Where is the potential?
Why do we need to unlock the
potential?
How do we unlock the potential?
What are the problems?

3.
Marine and Fresh water
NASA Planet Earth Photo
About 72% of the
Earth’s surface,
with about 97 in
oceans
BUT
Share of fishery products in total food supply
% 1998 2011
Calories 1.1 1.3
Proteins 6.0 6.7

4.
 795 million people estimated to be undernourished in 2014–16, down 100 million in the
last decade.
 The vast majority, 780 million, live in developing countries.
Hunger

5.
Share of fish in animal protein
• >20% for more than 3 billion people
• >50% in many developing countries:
 Cambodia (69%)
 Maldives (67%)
 Sierra Leone (65%)
 Gambia (57%)
 Bangladesh (56%)
 Indonesia (55%0
 Sri Lanka(54%),
 Ghana (50%)

6.
 A source of the long-chain omega-3 fatty acids
 Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)
 Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)
 Important for optimal brain and neural system
development in children (1000 day window!)
 Lowers the risk of coronary heart disease related
(CHD) mortality.
 A daily intake of 250 mg of EPA and DHA per adult
gives optimal protection against CHD.
 At least two meals of fish a week!
9
Fish and Nutrition

7.
Fisheries Important Employer
 Employment growth in FI + AQ higher than in traditional agriculture
 Millions of people are directly engaged in the fisheries sector
 Women represent half of those involved in the fisheries sector
 FI + AQ support the livelihoods of 10-12 % of the global population

8.
Capture
Fisheries
 Marine
 Fresh
Aquaculture
 Marine
 Fresh
 Brackish
 Finfish
 Bivalves
 Seaweed
 Crustaceans
What are we achieving now?

9.
What are we achieving now?
Fish production and utilization
Fish production
(million tonnes live weight) Per capita fish supply (kg)
Excluding aquatic plants. 2014/2015: estimates/forecast
0
4
8
12
16
20
24
0
30
60
90
120
150
180
1950 1956 1962 1968 1974 1980 1986 1992 1998 2004 2010 2016
Non-food uses
Capture for human consumption
Aquaculture for human consumption
Per capita food fish supply
Excluding aquatic plants. 2015: estimate; 2016 forecast

10.
What are we achieving now?
Capture fisheries production
million tonnes live weight
Including aquatic plants
2014
Including aquatic plants
0
20
40
60
80
100
1950 1958 1966 1974 1982 1990 1998 2006 2014
Inland waters
Marine areas
Freshwater
fishes
11%
Diadromou
s fishes
2%
Marine
fishes
70%
Crustaceans
7%
Molluscs
8%
Miscellane
ous aquatic
animals
1%
Aquatic
plants
1%

11.
million tonnes live weight
Including aquatic plants
What are we achieving now?
Aquaculture production
2014
Freshwater
fishes
42%
Diadromous
fishes
5%
Marine fishes
2%
Crustaceans
7%
Molluscs
16%
Miscellaneous
aquatic
animals
1%
Aquatic
plants
27%
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
1950 1958 1966 1974 1982 1990 1998 2006 2014
Brackishwater
Freshwater
Marine

12.
Global Primary
Production
Total Continental 115
billion tons a year
Total Marine 55 billion
tons a year
What is the potential?

13.
Primary Production
Mean NPP (g/m^2/year)
Total Continental 773
Total Marine 152
What is the potential?

14.
World Biomass/Standing
Stock
Total Continental 1837
billion tons
Total Marine 3.9 billion
tons
What is the potential?

15.
We are only using a fraction of the
Ocean Space and PP today.
1.What can we achieve with in the
conventional?
2. Can we use more of the PP?
3. Can we increase the PP?
Are there limits?
Yes ( Technical, Environmental)
What are the limits? We don’t know

16.
How do we unlock the potential?

17.
FAO Blue Growth Initiative
Aim: To contribute to the promotion of sustainable use and
conservation of aquatic living resources
Four components:
 Capture Fisheries
 Aquaculture
 Ecosystem services contributing to livelihoods, and
 Trade/markets/post harvest and social support

18.
Capture Fisheries:
Increase, Sunken Billions, CCRF, EAF. Biological management and
conservation, business management, political/economic management.
Contribution
to Blue
Growth :
- 10 - 20 million
tons
- USD 50-100
billion annually
 Capture fisheries are an important source of food,
nutrition, employment and income for millions of
people, particularly in remote rural areas
 - Capture fisheries face serious challenges:
 Degraded environment and ecosystems
 Overexploited fish stocks
 IUU fishing
 Climate change and ocean acidification

19.
• .
OECD-FAO Fish Model Projections (2025)
Source: OECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook 2016-2025
Countries/regions ranked by per capita fish consumption in 2013-15 average.
Countries/regions with declined per capita fish consumption highlighted in red.
WB-FAO-IFPRI Fish to 2030 Projections
Source: World Bank Report on Fish to 2030 (Table 3.7).
Countries/regions ranked by per capita fish consumption in 2006.
Countries/regions with declined per capita fish consumption highlighted in red
Country/
region
Fish Demand
(2030) Total fish
prod.
(2012, mil.
tonne)
S-D
gap
2030
(col. 4
minus
col. 3)
kg/cap.
Total
(mil.
tonne)
WORLD
29.1 261.2 156.5
-104.7
S.S. Africa
10.8 15.1 6.9
-8.2
L.A. & C.
12.2 18.3 14.8
-3.4
N. Africa
12.9 3.7 2.8
-0.8
Europe
27.3 23.4 16.0
-7.4
N. America
29.8 12.9 6.7
-6.1
Oceania
31.9 1.8 1.4
-0.3
Asia
37.0 186.3 107.8
-78.5
Future fish supply and demand projections
FAO/FI Fish Supply-Demand Gap Projections
Source: Estimation of FI/FAO (preliminary results)
Main assumptions: 1) Per capita fish demand affected by income growth.
2) Fish price unchanged. 3) Preference over fish unchanged
49.1
47.2
31.7
24.3
26.4
22.2
16.7
12.2
9.1
6.7
21.8
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Japan
China
Australia and New Zealand
North America
Asia and Oceania dev.ing
Europe
Northern Africa
Latin America & Caribbean
Sub-Saharan Africa
India
WORLD
2025

20.
Aquaculture:
GAAP, EAA, biological management and conservation (incl. bio-security), business
management, planning and regulatory implementation
Contribution to
Blue Growth:
• 50-100 million
tonnes a year

21.
Trade/markets/post harvest and
social support:
Waste reduction, non-food v. food utilization, customs tariff issues, most
traded, social complexities in Small Scale Fisheries.
Contribution to
Blue growth:
• From non-food:
10 million tonnes
• From waste
food:
15 million tonnes

22.
Other or “novel” ecosystem services:
Mangroves, storm/wave bulwarks, sea-grass carbon sequestration and
UN-REDD, greater symbiosis with crops (rice etc./fish production, fertilizer/pesticide runoffs), tourism
(nature, culinary, culture), salt beds, algae and phytoplankton primary production.
Contribution to Blue Growth: The sky’s the limit !!!

23.
…”in cod we trust”…..but
Source: Statistics Iceland
1981: catch of 460 th.tn
1984 quota system
2008: catch of 151 th.tn.
263 thousand.tn: average catch 1945-2014
2014:catch of 238 th.tn.

24.
Implementation of research outcomes
creates impact

25.
State of World Marine Fish Stocks

26.
Where is the potential?

27.
Pathways
SCIENCE
INFORMATION
POLICY
PROJECTS
SCALING UP
INVESTMENTS

28.
Global Policy and Trade Session: Outlook for world seafood trade 2030 prospects and challenges, 1st March 2016, Bergen, Norway
http://www.slideshare.net/FAOoftheUN/global-policy-and-trade-session-outlook-for-world-seafood-trade-2030-prospects-and-challenges
Combatting IUU Fishing through the implementation of the Port State Measures Agreement and other instruments , 15th February 2016, London,
United Kingdom
http://www.slideshare.net/FAOoftheUN/combatting-iuu-fishing-through-the-implementation-of-the-port-state-measures-agreement-and-other-
instruments
Celebrating 20 Years of the Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries 153rd Session FAO Council , Rome, 30 November - 4 December 2015
http://www.slideshare.net/FAOoftheUN/celebrating-20-years-of-the-code-of-conduct-for-responsible-fisheries-presentation-under-fao-council-
153rd-session-rome-30-november-4-december-2015
International Trade in Fish and Fish Production“Foro Económico de Pesca y Acuacultura 2015”Mexico City 26-27 November 2015
http://www.slideshare.net/FAOoftheUN/international-trade-in-fish-and-fish-production
Workshop on the Climate Change’s Impact, Boracay Islands, Philippines 9th May 2015:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OQ-fS2TZX_Y
Blue bio-economy - unlocking the potential of seas and oceans, International Conference Growth in Blue Bio-economy, FAROE ISL ANDS • 2-3 JUNE
2015
http://www.slideshare.net/rniMatthiasMathiesen/blue-bio-economy-unlocking-the-potential-of-seas-and-oceans
Outlook for Fish Trade 2030, 10th North Atlantic Seafood Conference, Bergen, 4-5 March 2015
http://www.slideshare.net/FAOoftheUN/outlook-for-fish-trade-2030-10th-north-atlantic-seafood-conference-bergen-45-march-
2015?ref=http://www.fao.org/fishery/DirectorsMedia/en
Future Prospects for Fisheries and Aquaculture and their contribution to preserving food security, Lima, Peru, 24 February 2015
Future Prospects for Fisheries and Aquaculture and their contribution to preserving food security - YouTube
Presentations

29.
Takk
!ً‫شكرا‬
Mèsi
Merci!
Thank you!
Obrigado!
!Gracias
Asante sana