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Bioenergy
CONTENTS
• WHAT IS BIOENERGY?
• BIOMASS
• ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF
BIOENERGY
• SOLID BIOMASS POWER PLANT
• EFFICIENCY OF BIOMASS ENERGY
• COST OF BIOMASS ENERGY
• INNOVATION OF BIOENERGY
• BIOENERGY IN TURKEY
What is bioenergy?
Bioenergy is one of
many diverse
resources available
to help meet our
demand for energy.
It is a form of
renewable energy
that is derived from
recently living
organic materials
known as biomass,
which can be used to
produce
transportation fuels,
heat, electricity, and
products.
• The most preferred
energy source among
renewable energy
sources is biomass.
Biomass is obtained
from organic wastes.
Since the supply of
organic wastes is
extremely easy and
inexpensive, biomass
sources are generally
preferred.
Bioenergy use falls into two main categories: “traditional” and
“modern”. Traditional use refers to the combustion of biomass in
such forms as wood, animal waste and traditional charcoal.
Modern bioenergy technologies include liquid biofuels produced
from bagasse and other plants; bio-refineries; biogas produced
through anaerobic digestion of residues; wood pellet heating
systems; and other technologies.
Bioenergy is seen as an appropriate and important source of
energy because it is an inexhaustible resource, it can be grown
everywhere, it helps socio-economic development, especially
for rural areas.
BIOMASS
• Biomass is organic matter
from plants, microrganism
grown on land and water and
their derivatives.
• The energy obtain from
biomass is also called the
biomass energy. It is a
renewable energy source.
• Biomass; with thermal,
biological, and physical
processes, hydrogen can be
converted into various energy
sources such as ethanol,
methane and liquid fuils in
engine with a wide range of
techniques.
•Biomass can generate carbon-
based fuels, of a composition
potentially very similar to that
of fossil fuels, the basis for
much of present-day energy
technology.
• This makes bioenergy
very suitable for use in
both heat and power
generation,
particularly in the
transport sector
where it is currently
the principal
renewable alternative
to gasoline and diesel.
• Biogas technology,
biomass gasification and
pyrolyse and liquid and
gas fuel forms can be
obtained.
•However, bioenergy feed
stock comes at a cost,
unlike
other renewable energy
resources such as wind,
hydro, geothermal,
wave, and sunlight that
are free ‘fuels’.
• Bioenergy can be referred
to as nature’s solar
battery reflecting its
ability to store energy
until required, which
makes it more predictable
and responsive than the
sun or wind.
ADVANTAGES OF
BIOENERGY
• 1.Bioenergy is always and widely
available as a renewable source of
energy.
The organic materials used to produce
bioenergy are infinite, since our
society consistently produces waste
such as garbage, wood and manure.
• 2.Greenhouse gas emulation
Bioenergy emits little or no greenhouse
gas emissions and is carbon neutral.
• 3.Biodegradable
Bioethanol and biodiesel are
biodegradable.
• 4.Economic contribution
Bioenergy offers regional and rural
development opportunities. offers
job opportunities in areas such as
established facilities or agriculture.
• 5.Easy to source
Bioenergy can be used for as long
as agriculture. It does not require a
specific climatic feature or the
need for a reserve.
• 6.Less garbage in landfills.
By burning solid waste, the amount
of garbage dumped in landfills is
reduced by 60 to 90 percent, and
reduces the cost of landfill disposal
and amount of land required for
landfill.
• 7.It is storable.
• 8.It reduces the overreliance of fossil fuels.
Not only is there is a limited supply of fossil
fuels, but fossil fuels come with environmental
baggage, including the release of large amounts
of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere and the
pollutants that result from removal,
transportation and production.
• 9. It is less expensive than fossil fuels.
DİSADVANTAGES OF BIOENERGY
•1. Not as efficient as fossilfuels
•Biomass energy sources like
Ethanol is not sufficient as
compareto Gasoline. For this
purpose, fortification is done to
increase efficiency.
• 2. Biomass is not a CleanEnergy:
• Biomass is not a completely
clean source of energy because it
is a carbon-neutral fuel source.
Methane gas emits during the
combustion that damages the
environment.
• Moreover, burning wood or
other organic matter createsc
arbon in the emission that
pollute sour environment.
• Lack of clean and safe emission is
one of the main disadvantages of
biomass energy
• 3. It Can leadtodeforestation:
• They provide water shed protection
and prevents soilerosion.
• But now the world is going towards
deforestation due to the consumption
of Biomass as fossil fuel. This
disadvantage of biomass fuel is also
harmful to wildlife. They may lead to
endangered or extinct species.
• 4. High cost as compared
to other alternatives:
• Biomass projects like
solar, water, wind, and
water are considered a
cheap alternative for
fossil fuels. But Biomass
needs more expenditure.
• Transportation and
resource gathering of
biomass energy also
needs to be counted in it.
In this way, it also affects
the economy of the
country.
• 5.Biomass Energy is
Harmful to the
environment
• Biomass energy is
harmful to the
environment due to the
emission of methane gas
during combustion. This
gas is not only toxic to
humans but also animals.
• 6.Affecting
Biodiversity:
• It affects the wildlife
and marine life directly
which leads to the
chances of extinction of
many plants and
animals.
• The negative effect on
biodiversity also leads
to fragmentation,
habitat loss, and
extinction of various
species.
• 7.Cause Serious Health
Hazards:
• The burning of carbon
leads to environmental
pollution that can not
be neglected. Biomass
energy contributes to
several health hazards.
It leads to skin cancer,
dizziness, severe
headache, nausea.
• Benzene and formal
dehydearecancer
causes agents that lead
too variancancer, skin
cancer, andeyecancer.
• 8.Causes Water
Pollution:
• Water pollution is the
main con of Biomass.
Carbon and benzene
particles mix with the
water and cause
pollution. This water is
consumed by humans,
plants, and animals that
cause various kinds of
diseases.
• Biomass is also affecting
marine life day by day.
Waste of organic matter
is thrown into these
drivers that cause
oxygendepletion in
seawater.
• Sea animals face
difficulty to live, and
many species are
becoming endangered
due to it.
SOLID BIOMASS POWER PLANT
A simple biomass electric
generation system is made up
of several key components.
For a steam cycle, this
includes some combination of
the following items:
• Combustor / furnace
• Boiler
• Steam turbine
• Generator
• Condenser
• Exhaust / emissions controls
• System controls.
This is a 25MW biomass power
plant located in Sangüesa Spain.
The process of genereting electricity begins with the
collection of straw in the fields.
Then the bales of straw are taken to the biomass plant
to begin the process.
In the biomass plant, the bales are unloaded to a
sheredder where the straws fall into the furnace.
The straw combustion heats up the water that flows
the walls and converts it into steam.
The steam is sent to
a turbine connected
to a generator that
produces electricity.
The electricty genereted
get transformed to 66kV
in a substation located on
the plantsite. Then it gets
transmittet by
underground cables to
national grid.
The turbine is connected to a condenser where steam is cooled
by the action of the water taken from a channel.
Then the steam gets converted into water and goes to the
boiler to start the process again.
The water used in the cooling is returned to the channel.
To be benefical for the enviroment, the gases
from the straw combustion pass to a smoke
filter before they are emitted to the
atmosphere.
The residue and the ash from the combustion process are sent
to hoppers and are later use as agricultural fertilizer.
Efficiency of
Biomass
Energy
The efficiency of biomass energy depends
on how they can be converted into power,
heat, fuel, and chemicals using a variety
of thermochemical and biochemical
methods. Biomass energy crops can be
used to produce almost all of our
commonly used energy carriers, and the
large variety of biomass feedstocks and
conversion methods makes biomass a
versatile fuel.
• Being a natural product created
by Mother Nature, the efficiency
of biomass production by
photosynthesis is very low
compared to other renewable
sources, for example,
photovoltaics. But biomass
feedstocks are very diverse and
originate from many different
sources and as such are
classified in a variety of different
ways. Biomass feedstocks can
therefore be classified as either
virgin crops, that is naturally
grown dry land crops and water
based algae and aquatic crops,
or waste biomass such as by-
products and residues created
from biomass processing.
Cost of Biomass
Energy
• An accurate comparison
between the costs and efficiency
of bioenergy compared to
conventional fossil energy is
somewhat difficult as the
biomass feedstocks, conversion
processes and technologies are
very different and diverse and
therefore have very different
costs and benefits. It is generally
recognised that currently made
bioenergy products are still
more expensive than the
equivalent fossil based ones.
However, some large production
based biofuels, such as sugar
cane ethanol, and the electricity
and heat generated from waste
biomass products are already
becoming competitive with fossil
energy as production costs
decline.
INNOVATION OF BIOENERGY
Research funded by Energy
Department’s Bioenergy
Technologies Office is
surpassing the limits of
conventional science in the
newandemerging bioenergy
market withinnovations in
fuels, chemicals, and
products. These critical break
throughsare the connecting
pieces to the larger picture of
bringing bioenergy to the
commercial market.
RENEWABLE JET FUEL FROM INDUSTRIAL
WASTE GASES
Lanza Techused a process that converts carbon-richindustrial waste
gases—such as carbon monoxide from steel production—into fuel
for airplanes.
ALGAL TURF SCRUBBERS” FUEL CARS
AND CLEAN UP POLLUTION
Excess phosphorus and nitrogen can harm aquaticeco systems;
however, Algal Turf Scrubbers can mitigate this problem. Then
the algae can be converted into biofuel.
NANO MEMBRANE TOİLET
• Waterless toilet is a very
important project for the
health of areas that do
not have water and
sewage facilities,
especially connected to
the house.The waterless
toilet project, supported
by the Bill and Melinda
Gates Foundation with
an investment of $ 710k,
continues to receivene
winvestments.
Field-to-product pipeline
• Modeling of field-to-
product pipelines
• Mitigate the impact of
feed stock variability on
deconstruction and
conversion
• Improve methods for
creating lignin-derived
bioproducts
• Optimize production of
terpeniod biofuels and
bioproducts
SustainableProduction of Bioenergy
Crops with DesirableTraits
• Increase yield and quality
of bioenergy crop
biomass
• Improves witch grass
productivity
• Maximize bioenergy crop
performance on marginal
lands
• Evaluating the
performance of switch
grass varieties.
Bio-energy in Turkey
• Bioenergy is basically used in two ways in our
country. First way is classic type which is that
for heating and cooking purposes . The
second way is for fuel used in modern
industry.
First Way- Heating and Cooking
• Most of the bioenergy
consumed is used by
villagers in Turkey for
heating and cooking. The
most used energy source
to generate heat is wood.
Apart from this, it is
possible to say that the
use of other bioenergy
types is very low.
Second Way-Fuel
• Bioethanol
• Biodiesel
• Biogas.
Bioethanol in Turkey
• The vast majority of bioethanol
production is obtained by
processing the waste and
residues of agricultural products
containing sugar and starch,
which are formed as a result of
agricultural activities, as raw
materials.
• In Turkey, bio-ethanol used in
vehicles since the early 2000s has
been used as a gasoline additive
was added . Bioethanol industry ,
has not yet made a huge progress
in terms of turkey because it is a
new energy source.
• However, in Turkey, widely
grown barley, wheat, corn,
potatoes, sugar beet and high
waste consisting of various
agricultural products such as
sorghum potentially constitute a
solid basis for the production of
bioethanol.
Biodiesel in Turkey
• Biodiesel, vegetable or can
be obtained from animal
fats and also from waste
generated by the use of
these oils ıt is a storable
diesel fuel type.
• Turkey to resolve the
existing problems in
the biodiesel industry
and domestic in order
to increase biodiesel
production by using
local raw materials and
Technologies studies
have been initiated and
researches have been
started especially on
energy crop cultivation
in 2004 .
BİOGAS in TURKEY
• Biogas is a flammable gas
that is made from
organic matter and
produced natural
fermentation process
using materials such as
farm waste, biomass,
sewage and plant matter.
• Today, Turkey has the
potential of 2.000 biogas
plants which will operate
in animal waste. There
are thirty six of eighty
five biogas plants in-
service in several
geographical locations.
Most biogas plants are
located in the west side
of Turkey (e.g. Istanbul,
Kocaeli)

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Bioenergy

  • 2. CONTENTS • WHAT IS BIOENERGY? • BIOMASS • ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF BIOENERGY • SOLID BIOMASS POWER PLANT • EFFICIENCY OF BIOMASS ENERGY • COST OF BIOMASS ENERGY • INNOVATION OF BIOENERGY • BIOENERGY IN TURKEY
  • 3. What is bioenergy? Bioenergy is one of many diverse resources available to help meet our demand for energy. It is a form of renewable energy that is derived from recently living organic materials known as biomass, which can be used to produce transportation fuels, heat, electricity, and products.
  • 4. • The most preferred energy source among renewable energy sources is biomass. Biomass is obtained from organic wastes. Since the supply of organic wastes is extremely easy and inexpensive, biomass sources are generally preferred.
  • 5. Bioenergy use falls into two main categories: “traditional” and “modern”. Traditional use refers to the combustion of biomass in such forms as wood, animal waste and traditional charcoal. Modern bioenergy technologies include liquid biofuels produced from bagasse and other plants; bio-refineries; biogas produced through anaerobic digestion of residues; wood pellet heating systems; and other technologies.
  • 6. Bioenergy is seen as an appropriate and important source of energy because it is an inexhaustible resource, it can be grown everywhere, it helps socio-economic development, especially for rural areas.
  • 7. BIOMASS • Biomass is organic matter from plants, microrganism grown on land and water and their derivatives. • The energy obtain from biomass is also called the biomass energy. It is a renewable energy source. • Biomass; with thermal, biological, and physical processes, hydrogen can be converted into various energy sources such as ethanol, methane and liquid fuils in engine with a wide range of techniques.
  • 8. •Biomass can generate carbon- based fuels, of a composition potentially very similar to that of fossil fuels, the basis for much of present-day energy technology. • This makes bioenergy very suitable for use in both heat and power generation, particularly in the transport sector where it is currently the principal renewable alternative to gasoline and diesel. • Biogas technology, biomass gasification and pyrolyse and liquid and gas fuel forms can be obtained.
  • 9. •However, bioenergy feed stock comes at a cost, unlike other renewable energy resources such as wind, hydro, geothermal, wave, and sunlight that are free ‘fuels’. • Bioenergy can be referred to as nature’s solar battery reflecting its ability to store energy until required, which makes it more predictable and responsive than the sun or wind.
  • 10. ADVANTAGES OF BIOENERGY • 1.Bioenergy is always and widely available as a renewable source of energy. The organic materials used to produce bioenergy are infinite, since our society consistently produces waste such as garbage, wood and manure. • 2.Greenhouse gas emulation Bioenergy emits little or no greenhouse gas emissions and is carbon neutral. • 3.Biodegradable Bioethanol and biodiesel are biodegradable.
  • 11. • 4.Economic contribution Bioenergy offers regional and rural development opportunities. offers job opportunities in areas such as established facilities or agriculture. • 5.Easy to source Bioenergy can be used for as long as agriculture. It does not require a specific climatic feature or the need for a reserve. • 6.Less garbage in landfills. By burning solid waste, the amount of garbage dumped in landfills is reduced by 60 to 90 percent, and reduces the cost of landfill disposal and amount of land required for landfill.
  • 12. • 7.It is storable. • 8.It reduces the overreliance of fossil fuels. Not only is there is a limited supply of fossil fuels, but fossil fuels come with environmental baggage, including the release of large amounts of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere and the pollutants that result from removal, transportation and production. • 9. It is less expensive than fossil fuels.
  • 13. DİSADVANTAGES OF BIOENERGY •1. Not as efficient as fossilfuels •Biomass energy sources like Ethanol is not sufficient as compareto Gasoline. For this purpose, fortification is done to increase efficiency. • 2. Biomass is not a CleanEnergy: • Biomass is not a completely clean source of energy because it is a carbon-neutral fuel source. Methane gas emits during the combustion that damages the environment. • Moreover, burning wood or other organic matter createsc arbon in the emission that pollute sour environment. • Lack of clean and safe emission is one of the main disadvantages of biomass energy • 3. It Can leadtodeforestation: • They provide water shed protection and prevents soilerosion. • But now the world is going towards deforestation due to the consumption of Biomass as fossil fuel. This disadvantage of biomass fuel is also harmful to wildlife. They may lead to endangered or extinct species.
  • 14. • 4. High cost as compared to other alternatives: • Biomass projects like solar, water, wind, and water are considered a cheap alternative for fossil fuels. But Biomass needs more expenditure. • Transportation and resource gathering of biomass energy also needs to be counted in it. In this way, it also affects the economy of the country. • 5.Biomass Energy is Harmful to the environment • Biomass energy is harmful to the environment due to the emission of methane gas during combustion. This gas is not only toxic to humans but also animals.
  • 15. • 6.Affecting Biodiversity: • It affects the wildlife and marine life directly which leads to the chances of extinction of many plants and animals. • The negative effect on biodiversity also leads to fragmentation, habitat loss, and extinction of various species. • 7.Cause Serious Health Hazards: • The burning of carbon leads to environmental pollution that can not be neglected. Biomass energy contributes to several health hazards. It leads to skin cancer, dizziness, severe headache, nausea. • Benzene and formal dehydearecancer causes agents that lead too variancancer, skin cancer, andeyecancer.
  • 16. • 8.Causes Water Pollution: • Water pollution is the main con of Biomass. Carbon and benzene particles mix with the water and cause pollution. This water is consumed by humans, plants, and animals that cause various kinds of diseases. • Biomass is also affecting marine life day by day. Waste of organic matter is thrown into these drivers that cause oxygendepletion in seawater. • Sea animals face difficulty to live, and many species are becoming endangered due to it.
  • 17. SOLID BIOMASS POWER PLANT A simple biomass electric generation system is made up of several key components. For a steam cycle, this includes some combination of the following items: • Combustor / furnace • Boiler • Steam turbine • Generator • Condenser • Exhaust / emissions controls • System controls. This is a 25MW biomass power plant located in Sangüesa Spain.
  • 18. The process of genereting electricity begins with the collection of straw in the fields. Then the bales of straw are taken to the biomass plant to begin the process.
  • 19. In the biomass plant, the bales are unloaded to a sheredder where the straws fall into the furnace. The straw combustion heats up the water that flows the walls and converts it into steam.
  • 20. The steam is sent to a turbine connected to a generator that produces electricity.
  • 21. The electricty genereted get transformed to 66kV in a substation located on the plantsite. Then it gets transmittet by underground cables to national grid.
  • 22. The turbine is connected to a condenser where steam is cooled by the action of the water taken from a channel. Then the steam gets converted into water and goes to the boiler to start the process again. The water used in the cooling is returned to the channel.
  • 23. To be benefical for the enviroment, the gases from the straw combustion pass to a smoke filter before they are emitted to the atmosphere.
  • 24. The residue and the ash from the combustion process are sent to hoppers and are later use as agricultural fertilizer.
  • 25. Efficiency of Biomass Energy The efficiency of biomass energy depends on how they can be converted into power, heat, fuel, and chemicals using a variety of thermochemical and biochemical methods. Biomass energy crops can be used to produce almost all of our commonly used energy carriers, and the large variety of biomass feedstocks and conversion methods makes biomass a versatile fuel.
  • 26. • Being a natural product created by Mother Nature, the efficiency of biomass production by photosynthesis is very low compared to other renewable sources, for example, photovoltaics. But biomass feedstocks are very diverse and originate from many different sources and as such are classified in a variety of different ways. Biomass feedstocks can therefore be classified as either virgin crops, that is naturally grown dry land crops and water based algae and aquatic crops, or waste biomass such as by- products and residues created from biomass processing.
  • 27. Cost of Biomass Energy • An accurate comparison between the costs and efficiency of bioenergy compared to conventional fossil energy is somewhat difficult as the biomass feedstocks, conversion processes and technologies are very different and diverse and therefore have very different costs and benefits. It is generally recognised that currently made bioenergy products are still more expensive than the equivalent fossil based ones. However, some large production based biofuels, such as sugar cane ethanol, and the electricity and heat generated from waste biomass products are already becoming competitive with fossil energy as production costs decline.
  • 28. INNOVATION OF BIOENERGY Research funded by Energy Department’s Bioenergy Technologies Office is surpassing the limits of conventional science in the newandemerging bioenergy market withinnovations in fuels, chemicals, and products. These critical break throughsare the connecting pieces to the larger picture of bringing bioenergy to the commercial market.
  • 29. RENEWABLE JET FUEL FROM INDUSTRIAL WASTE GASES Lanza Techused a process that converts carbon-richindustrial waste gases—such as carbon monoxide from steel production—into fuel for airplanes.
  • 30. ALGAL TURF SCRUBBERS” FUEL CARS AND CLEAN UP POLLUTION Excess phosphorus and nitrogen can harm aquaticeco systems; however, Algal Turf Scrubbers can mitigate this problem. Then the algae can be converted into biofuel.
  • 31. NANO MEMBRANE TOİLET • Waterless toilet is a very important project for the health of areas that do not have water and sewage facilities, especially connected to the house.The waterless toilet project, supported by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation with an investment of $ 710k, continues to receivene winvestments.
  • 32. Field-to-product pipeline • Modeling of field-to- product pipelines • Mitigate the impact of feed stock variability on deconstruction and conversion • Improve methods for creating lignin-derived bioproducts • Optimize production of terpeniod biofuels and bioproducts
  • 33. SustainableProduction of Bioenergy Crops with DesirableTraits • Increase yield and quality of bioenergy crop biomass • Improves witch grass productivity • Maximize bioenergy crop performance on marginal lands • Evaluating the performance of switch grass varieties.
  • 34. Bio-energy in Turkey • Bioenergy is basically used in two ways in our country. First way is classic type which is that for heating and cooking purposes . The second way is for fuel used in modern industry.
  • 35. First Way- Heating and Cooking • Most of the bioenergy consumed is used by villagers in Turkey for heating and cooking. The most used energy source to generate heat is wood. Apart from this, it is possible to say that the use of other bioenergy types is very low.
  • 36. Second Way-Fuel • Bioethanol • Biodiesel • Biogas.
  • 37. Bioethanol in Turkey • The vast majority of bioethanol production is obtained by processing the waste and residues of agricultural products containing sugar and starch, which are formed as a result of agricultural activities, as raw materials. • In Turkey, bio-ethanol used in vehicles since the early 2000s has been used as a gasoline additive was added . Bioethanol industry , has not yet made a huge progress in terms of turkey because it is a new energy source. • However, in Turkey, widely grown barley, wheat, corn, potatoes, sugar beet and high waste consisting of various agricultural products such as sorghum potentially constitute a solid basis for the production of bioethanol.
  • 38. Biodiesel in Turkey • Biodiesel, vegetable or can be obtained from animal fats and also from waste generated by the use of these oils ıt is a storable diesel fuel type. • Turkey to resolve the existing problems in the biodiesel industry and domestic in order to increase biodiesel production by using local raw materials and Technologies studies have been initiated and researches have been started especially on energy crop cultivation in 2004 .
  • 39. BİOGAS in TURKEY • Biogas is a flammable gas that is made from organic matter and produced natural fermentation process using materials such as farm waste, biomass, sewage and plant matter. • Today, Turkey has the potential of 2.000 biogas plants which will operate in animal waste. There are thirty six of eighty five biogas plants in- service in several geographical locations. Most biogas plants are located in the west side of Turkey (e.g. Istanbul, Kocaeli)