2023-01-28 Composting at Home 101 .pptx

1. The presentation will begin shortly. Welcome! The voucher for the free composter* will only be shown at the end of the live 01/28/23 lecture. 1-Click on the link 2- Take the evaluation 3- Print out or photograph the voucher *Miami-Dade residents only

2. COMPOSTING 101 Ellen Book, UF/IFAS Extension Miami-Dade County Master Gardener Link to slide presentation: https://TINYURL.com/askIFAS The chat box will open at the end of the lecture for a Q&A session.

3. Ellen Book, Branch Manager Pinecrest Branch Library booke@mdpls.org www.mdpls.org

4. So first. A few features….

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22. ROOTS! AN EDIBLE EXPLORATION OF THE VEGETABLE UNDERGROUND 20XX

23. COMPOSTING 101 Ellen Book, Master Gardener UF/IFAS Extension Miami-Dade County Master Gardener Link to slide presentation: https://TINYURL.com/askIFAS The chat box will open at the end of the lecture for a Q&A session.

24. FEB 05, 2023 -- 9:00 AM -12 NOON Florida Horseshoe Crab Watch training FEB 08, 2023 -- 6-7:00 PM Conservation Conversations: "Traveling Sea Beans"

25. Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences - IFAS https://sfyl.ifas.ufl.edu/miami-dade/

26. Everyday Information Source

29. Gardening Solutions

30. https://tinyurl.com/MiamiVeggies

31. Was NOT me

32. Kitchen food scraps. Photo: Tia Silvasy, UF/IFAS

33. Too much too wet too long… Anaerobic bacteria kills worms UF/IFAS

34. A Tumbler Bin Composter UF/IFAS

35. Fill out the evaluation at the end of the program for a voucher 80-gallon capacity Size: 32” diameter X 32” tall

36. Sheet Composting Top-dressing on the soil surface like a garden lasagna right onto a future growing space. Trench Composting - composting directly in the soil Cold Bin Composting Fill your compost bin halfway with browns and bury kitchen scraps Bokashi Bucket anaerobic bacteria (grass-like inoculated bran, rice, dried leaves sprinkled over scraps). 10 days to ferment & “pickle” waste, forming an acidic organic matter that must be dug into the soil or added to a compost pile. TYPES OF COMPOSTING

38. GREENs = nitroGen BROWNs = carBon NitroGen = Protein CarBon = Energy From: https://small-farm-permaculture-and- sustainable-living.com/how-build-compost-pile/

39. THE RECIPE

40. Can I compost this? Material Can I Compost? Comment Banana skins Yes Bird cage "waste" Yes Bone meal Yes Bread Yes Cereal Yes Citrus (e.g., oranges, grapefruit, lemons, tangerines) Yes Green/nitrogen - must cut in half or quarter before composting; mix with browns & add 6-inch layer of browns on top Coffee grounds (with paper filter) Yes Green/nitrogen Corn cobs Yes Cornmeal Yes Cottonseed meal Yes Crop waste Yes Egg shells Yes Adds calcium

41. Citrus green/nitrogen cut in half or quarter before composting mix with browns & add a 6-inch layer of browns on top

42. BROWNS ON THE BOTTOM & TOP ARE

43. Attribution to: KidsGardening: A Kids’ Guide to Messing Around in the Dirt by Kevin Raftery

44. Photo www.bobvila.com

45. From : https://www.emnz.com/article/microbial-imbalances-in-the-soil

46. “The secret world beneath our feet is mind-blowing – and the key to our planet’s future : Don’t dismiss soil: its unknowable wonders could ensure the survival of our species” by George Monbiot in The Guardian, 5/7/2022 I

47. AS PILE TEMPERATURES  &  TIME IS NEEDED FOR VARIOUS MICROORGANISMS TO COLONIZE

48. Left: (1 year old) Last year’s material all garden stuff, grass & leaves, kitchen: banana peels veg. trimmings from the pile’s top. Middle: (2 years old) bottom of this year’s pile put into bags Right: (3 years old) Finished product from the bags to be used in the garden & greenhouse this year GUESS WHERE THIS COMPOST WAS MADE?

49. Smaller surface areas decompose faster

50. Attribution to: KidsGardening: A Kids’ Guide to Messing Around in the Dirt by Kevin Raftery

51. Compost bin cutaway

52. Aeration keeps microbes alive. Anerobic microbes STINK!

53. Compost Crank Compost Aerator

54. The free compost bins have trapdoors at the bottom to access the compost which may need to be further cured/finished at a lower temperature.

55. Check for moisture when turning the compost. The consistency should feel like a wrung-out sponge. UF/IFAS

56. Smaller bits decompose faster BIGGER pieces need more time

57. Unfinished compost may stress plants, causing yellowing or stalling growth

58. Heat cooks most weeds. For hot composting turn when pile temperature drops below 100°F or if the pile is more than 150°F

59. HEALTHY VEGGIES AND PLANTS START WITH HEALTHY SOIL! UF/IFAS Leon County Extension

60. Five “Pests” in a Compost Pile

61. NOW LET’S TALK ABOUT…

62. Vermi-Composting Definitions • Vermiculture – Work farming process of culturing worms to decompose organic food waste, turning it into nutrient rich material • Casting – Worm waste, digested food • Omnivores – Animals that eat plants and animals • Hermaphrodites – Animals with male and female sex organs. http://clipart-library.com/

63. Red Wigglers

64. Contains • 5Xs the available nitrogen • 7Xs the available potash • 50% more calcium than 6” of good top soil • Water soluble nutrient immediately available for plant intake. Will not burn root system unlike fresh raw manures Red Wigglers UF/IFAS

66. https://sfyl.ifas.ufl.edu/saras ota/natural-resources/waste- reduction/composting/quizfa q/ COMPOST QUIZ !

67. 1) I'm having problems with my compost system and I'm not sure of the cause. What should I do first? a. Add water b. Add browns/carbon rich material c. Turn the compost

68. 1) I'm having problems with my compost system and I'm not sure of the cause. What should I do first? a. Add water b. Add browns/carbon rich material c. Turn the compost

69. 2) My compost smells bad and I turned it yesterday. What can I do? a. Add bulky browns/carbon-rich material b. Add greens/nitrogen-rich material c. Add water

70. 2) My compost smells bad and I turned it yesterday. What can I do? a. Add bulky browns/carbon-rich material b. Add greens/nitrogen-rich material c. Add water

71. 3) My pile won't heat up, but I have the proper volume of material (approximately 1 cubic yard), enough oxygen (aeration), and a good balance of carbon to nitrogen (approximately 30:1). What can I do? a. Add lime b. Add moisture c. Add potting soil d. Add clean wood ash e. All of the above

72. 3) My pile won't heat up, but I have the proper volume of material (approximately 1 cubic yard), enough oxygen (aeration), and a good balance of carbon to nitrogen (approximately 30:1). What can I do? b. Add moisture

73. 4) What can I do about flies in my compost? a. Spray with pesticide b. Create a separate pile for kitchen scraps c. No need to act

74. 4) What can I do about flies in my compost? a. Spray with pesticide b. Create a separate pile for kitchen scraps c. No need to act

75. 5) How can I compost in my high-rise condominium or apartment? a. With a compost bin b. With worms c. With the in-sink disposal

76. 5) How can I compost in my high-rise condominium or apartment? a. With a compost bin b. With worms c. With the in-sink disposal

77. 6) What is the optimal size of a composting system? a. The bigger, the better b. Long and narrow c. About 3 feet high by 3 feet long by 3 feet wide

78. 6) What is the optimal size of a composting system? a. The bigger, the better b. Long and narrow c. About 3 feet high by 3 feet long by 3 feet wide

79. 7) What can be used as a catalyst or inoculant to get my compost pile started? a. Finished compost b. Large pieces left over from screening compost c. Small amount of organic top soil from the yard d. Commercially prepared inoculant e. All of the above

80. 7) What can be used as a catalyst or inoculant to get my compost pile started? a. Finished compost b. Large pieces left over from screening compost c. Small amount of organic top soil from the yard d. Commercially prepared inoculant e. All of the above

81. 8) How do I get rid of fire ants in my compost pile? a. Leave the pile alone b. Water and turn the pile c. Spray the pile with pesticide

82. 8) How do I get rid of fire ants in my compost pile? a. Leave the pile alone b. Water and turn the pile c. Spray the pile with pesticide

83. 9) When is the compost finished? a. After 6-8 weeks b. When the compost appears dark, crumbly, and looks and smells like soil c. When the pile temperature exceeds 131 degrees F

84. 9) When is the compost finished? a. After 6-8 weeks b. When the compost appears dark, crumbly, and looks and smells like soil c. When the pile temperature exceeds 131 degrees F

85. 10) What determines how long it takes for organic material to become useful compost? a. Size of materials place into composting system b. Carbon-to-nitrogen (C:N) ratio of materials place into composting system c. Level of management/attention paid to the composting process d. Intended use for finished compost e. All of the above

86. 10) What determines how long it takes for organic material to become useful compost? a. Size of materials place into composting system b. Carbon-to-nitrogen (C:N) ratio of materials place into composting system c. Level of management/attention paid to the composting process d. Intended use for finished compost e. All of the above

87. 11) Must I cover the compost bin? a. Yes b. No

88. 11) Must I cover the compost bin? a. Yes b. No

89. 12) What items may harm my worms if added to my vermi-composting system? a. Alcohol or vinegar b. Coffee grinds c. Oranges or other citrus d. All of the above

90. 12) What items may harm my worms if added to my vermi-composting system? a. Alcohol or vinegar b. Coffee grinds c. Oranges or other citrus d. All of the above

91. 13) It I can't compost it, what can I do with it? a. Reduce b. Reuse c. Recycle d. All of the above

92. 13) It I can't compost it, what can I do with it? a. Reduce b. Reuse c. Recycle d. All of the above

93. 14) Must I use a manufactured composting bin? a. Yes b. No

94. 14) Must I use a manufactured composting bin? a. Yes b. No

95. 15) What is the lowest-cost backyard composting system? a. Pile, trench, and sheet composting b. Manufactured bins c. Self-made bins

96. 15) What is the lowest-cost backyard composting system? a. Pile, trench, and sheet composting b. Manufactured bins c. Self-made bins

97. 16) What best accelerates the decomposition of oak leaves? a. Water the pile b. Turn the pile twice a week c. Shred leaves before adding to the compost d. All of the above

98. 16) What best accelerates the decomposition of oak leaves? a. Water the pile b. Turn the pile twice a week c. Shred leaves before adding to the compost d. All of the above

99. 17) How can I accelerate the compost decomposition process? a. Active management of the compost system b. Building a bigger pile c. Adding a compost starter/inoculant/catalyst d. None of the above

100. 17) How can I accelerate the compost decomposition process? a. Active management of the compost system b. Building a bigger pile c. Adding a compost starter/inoculant/catalyst d. None of the above

101. 18) How much time does it take to make compost? a. One hour per day b. One hour per week c. One hour per month d. As little or as much time as I want

102. 18) How much time does it take to make compost? a. One hour per day b. One hour per week c. One hour per month d. As little or as much time as I want

103. 19) Hot composting and vermi-composting are compatible? a. True b. False

104. 19) Hot composting and vermi-composting are compatible? a. True b. False

105. 7701 SW 76 Ave, Miami, FL 33143

106. LANDFILL SITES

107. For Miami Beach residents ONLY For Miami Beach residents ONLY

108. Evaluation & Voucher This link to the evaluation and voucher will be live until Monday, 01/30/23 at 8:00am. link revealed at the end of the 1/28/23 lecture

109. Miami Beach residents ONLY voucher The link to the evaluation and voucher will be live until Monday, 01/30/23 at 8:00am. link revealed at the end of the 1/28/23 lecture

110. DOME COMPOSTER – AVAILABLE TO ALL MIAMI-DADE RESIDENTS TUMBLER COMPOSTER – AVAILABLE TO MIAMI BEACH RESIDENTS (CHOOSE EITHER DOME OR TUMBLER ) QR Code revealed at end of lecture QR Code revealed at end of lecture

111. Evaluation & Voucher Link to the slide presentation: https://TINYURL.com/askIFAS The link to EITHER evaluation with voucher will be live until Monday, 01/30/23 at 8:00am. Miami-Dade voucher will be valid for six months. Vasquez,Laura A lavasquez@ufl.edu Urban Horticulture Agent and Master Gardener Coordinator

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