AccessAbility talk ux
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Slides for the AccessAbility talk at TalkUX by @EChesters and @BeckyTopps
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AccessAbility talk ux
- 1. ACCESSABILITY access a wider audience, make your digital voice heard Rebecca Topps and Elizabeth Chesters
- 3. MISCONCEPTION: Web accessibility is about disabilities TRUTH: Web accessibility is about making something that can be used by as many people as possible
- 4. WHAT IS ACCESSIBILITY? The ease of access for users regardless of their... DISABILITY CULTURE ENVIRONMENT
- 8. HOW DOES IT AFFECT PEOPLE?
- 9. Memory Problem solving Attention Reading and verbal comprehension Math comprehension Visual comprehension
- 10. Traditions Names Language Location Measurements Dates
- 11. WHAT DOES ACCESSIBILITY MEAN TO PEOPLE?
- 12. INDEPENDENCE
- 14. EMPOWERMENT
- 15. HOW DOES INACCESSIBILITY PREVENT PEOPLE ACHIEVING THEIR GOALS?
- 16. CLUTTER
- 18. TEXT DIFFICULT TO READ
- 19. Text which is difficult to read
- 20. DIFFICULT TO PROCESS A LOT OF INFORMATION
- 22. HOW CAN ACCESSIBILITY BE A KEY FOCUS IN MY PROJECT?
- 24. USER TESTING
- 25. CHLOE TOPPS Chloe is 10 years old and currently at primary school. Likes to play Minecraft and other online games on her laptop. She has learning difficulties which can affect her at school and when using a website. Problem-solving: Frustration when problems occur on a website and she doesn’t know how to resolve them. For example, form errors which don’t clearly show where the error is and how to deal with it. Reading and understanding: Struggles to understand some sarcasm, metaphors and slang Has a problem completing some captcha forms
- 26. LEONARDO MANUEL MADEIRA PEREIRA Language - speaks Portuguese, little French, German, Spanish and English Address - postcode doesn’t have letters Name - has two surnames, they are not double- barreled
- 29. CX Partners form cheat sheet - http://www.cxpartners.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/v1-Form-design- crib-sheet1.png PROVIDE IMMEDIATE & INFORMATIVE ERROR FEEDBACK
- 30. CAPTIONS
- 32. ARIA TAGS
- 33. HOW CAN WE DRIVE ACCESSIBILITY FORWARD?
- 34. FUTURE PLANS Accessibility meetups in Manchester Books about accessibility Online blog - AccessAbility Masters in Human Computer Interaction
- 35. GET YOUR TEAMS ON BOARD
- 36. GET YOUR CLIENTS ON BOARD 13% of the population are immigrants Only 13% of Europe speaks English as a first language 18% of Europe speak German natively Only 8% of Europe speak Spanish as their first language, and only 7% choose it as a second language Over 11 million people with a disability living in the UK which is around 20% of people of a working age Their spending power is in excess of £100bn About two million people are dyslexic 83% of disabled people will not return to a business that does not meet their access needs 2.2 million people have difficulty with memory, concentration or learning, of which about 1 million have a learning difficulty
- 38. THANKS FOR LISTENING! Rebecca Topps Twitter: @beckytopps Email: rebecca@toppsusability.co.uk Elizabeth Chesters Twitter: @EChesters Email: elizabeth.chesters@gmail.com ¡Gracias! Dakujem! Obrigada! Duo Xie! Mulțumesc! Shukria! Dankeschoen! Dank u!
- 39. RESOURCES Car Wash who hires people with autism: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VULKzVZCso0&feature=youtu.be For a checklist to use when conducting user testing: http://www.uiaccess.com/accessucd/ut_checklist.html Colour Contrast Tool: http://www.paciellogroup.com/resources/contrastanalyser/
Editor's Notes
- We should introduce the talk in a different language and then show an example of how we’re excluding people. I can teach you Spanish and I was thinking of doing sign language. What do you think?
- Pictures of us What we do Why we’re here and why we do accessibility Explain picture
- Web accessibility is about making something that can be used by as many people as possible: Different environments Different devices Elderly Different cultural backgrounds Non-english speakers Impaired abilities Image source: http://webaccessibilitysolutions.com/news
- Elizabeth Impairments - regardless of someone’s personal circumstance and issues. We all have our issues! Culture - Consistency with what we expect and what those elsewhere expect Environment - No matter where we are, abroad, in the mountains, on the beach in the sun
- Rebecca I volunteer at a community centre where people with cognitive disabilities can go to (drop in centre). They held an event where the people who go to the centre wrote about how their disabilities makes them feel and how people act towards them. As you can see they said things such as… This brings accessibility back to the users, how they feel and their key goals/needs
- ThoughtWorks has also done work with TechVision, a school for the blind in Pune They tested our pages and showed us just how bad they were I was invited to their school to see their collection of braille books that they had translated I was shown how they use screen-readers and was introduced to…>>>
- to Shivaji Londhe who was blind and had taught himself German to communicate with even more people online since online you can’t see who you’re talking to anyway
- Rebecca - How it can affect the people who will be using your website or software
- Rebecca In regards to cognitive impairments there are functional definitions, which everyone can often relate to. How it affects the person using a website: Memory: It can be difficult for people to remember what they have already entered in long forms or previously read in articles split into multiple pages. Understanding: Users may struggle with understanding complicated and misspelt words; sarcasm and metaphors. (Dyslexia, Autism and learning disabilities) Reading: Some individuals have difficulties understanding text. These difficulties may be mild or severe, ranging from minor challenges to not being able to read any text on screen. It is estimated that 15-20% of the population has some sort of language or text difficulty. Problem-solving: When it comes to a website, struggles with unfamiliar circumstances, such as links to new places in a website or unclear form input error messages (this could be as a result of intellect, emotional or executive function impairments). – Learning disabilities / Autism Attention: difficult to focus on tasks, particularly when a web page has moving adverts or multiple pop-up windows. (ADHD, ADD, Aspergers) Numbers / Math comprehension: it can be difficult for people to estimate the total cost of items when buying online or to solve simple maths-based questions asked on some comment forms (to prove they are not a spambot) ( - this is most likely dyspraxia). Visuals/ visual comprehension: By visuals this can mean graphics and photographs. Individuals with visual difficulties may not recognize objects for what they are. They may recognize the fact that there are objects on a Web page, but may not be able to identify the objects. For example, they may not realize that a photograph of a person is a representation of a person, though they can plainly see the photograph itself (as an object) on the web page.
- Elizabeth TRADITIONS - how people are accustomed to things and what they expect in things NAMES - Indian: long names, South not required to have a surname China: family names are first, then given names - different order LANGUAGE - Everyone has this expectation in one language or more. LOCATION - bandwidth and resources are not the same in every country Weather: Take a low contrast design out into the sunshine - see how far you get MEASUREMENTS - NASA’s Mars Climate Mars Orbiter descended further than its original course because two teams were using different measurements. $125 million loss! DATES - Saudi Arabia officially run by a lunar calendar and their weekends are on our Friday and Saturday because their prayer day is Friday like our Sunday. Changed as business grew between M.East and the West.
- ELIZABETH Speaking to anyone about a bad experience and you’ll notice the emotions attached to those experiences and websites Amplify that because of something you can’t control like your nationality or impairment and it’s much worse
- Rebecca: There is a certain amount of overlap between web accessibility and web usability Improving your accessibility will overlap with usability and result in a website which is easier for people to use This is because guidelines such as BS8878 show how organisations should integrate accessibility with their UX and design Accessibility requirements such as high colour contrast and semantic structure all help to build a strong website foundation which is easy to use and understand Stress that we are designing for people and that improving usability usually includes everyone you’re targeting not just the niche that is thought of
- Elizabeth Pause for effect When you provide the resources or the opportunities - people will take them
- Rebecca: Email chris about photo Empowerment. Enabling people to participate in society through the Web. There are so many people for whom interacting in the physical world is really tough, yet interacting with an accessible Web is easy. As I said in Just Ask: With accessible websites, people with disabilities can do ordinary things: children can learn, teenagers can flirt, adults can make a living, seniors can manage their stock portfolios, and so on. With the Web, people with disabilities can do more things themselves, without having to rely on others. People who are blind can read the newspaper (through screen readers that read aloud text from the computer), and so can people with cognitive disabilities who have trouble processing written information. People who are deaf can get up-to-the-minute news that was previously available only to those who could hear radio or TV, and so can people who are blind and deaf (through dynamic Braille displays). People with quadriplegia who cannot move their arms or legs can shop online to get groceries, gadgets, and gifts delivered. People who cannot speak can participate in online discussions, such as through blog comments.
- Rebecca - Examples of how inaccessible websites or design/content can potentially prevent people from achieving their goals
- Rebecca Distracting adverts can have a negative effect for people with ADHD or Autism or in this case anyone who wants to procrastinate from looking a for job. The adverts are prominent and stand out from the rest of the website and they are also animated. Clutter - audio and visual Moving banners/adverts Automatic audio Pop-ups
- Elizabeth Research target audience Here we think it’s cluttered because their characters don’t have letter spacing, or capital letters or punctuation This works for some cultures.
- Rebecca Example of Low colour contrast and small text from a footer website [much smaller on the website] Grey on dark grey is difficult to read Affects those with colour blindness or low vision and dyslexia
- Elizabeth Flat UI - popular design choices are even inaccessible with a lot of websites not work with colour contrast Certain colours don’t work and even more components disappear when grayscale is turned on
- Rebecca Long pages of text is a lot for the user to process quickly An article about blindness which is just loads and loads of [small] text with 2 headings… Struggle to find the information they need A better way is to include headings, images and bullet points to break up the content Elizabeth Wikipedia is a good example of what to do, but to encourage headings and skip links. Also a bad example for translation…… >>> http://uxpajournal.org/text-advertising-blindness-the-new-banner-blindness/
- Elizabeth Translating via a browser - is not all that convenient. Images have been used with text which can’t translate. Loss of context - No idea why pumps or “your name seal” are search suggestions Wikipedia has a lot of content and a lot of jargon on pages because of the terminology that’s unavoidable So it offers multiple languages!
- Elizabeth Focus in: User Research Personas Rebecca Designs Media Development
- Rebecca: Ensure you recruit a diversity of people for your research - including variety of cultures and abilities Contact local organisations; housing trust; council; universities; schools; community centres; people you know At Sigma we have a good relationship with Peaks and Plains and they help us to find elderly people and people of a range of abilities to be involved in our user research. In this photo we had just helped people to ‘get online’ and learn basic computer skills. Elizabeth: At TW we’re in over 13 countries, allowing us to have diverse teams. Diverse teams = diverse conversations which translates through our software In my team during training we had about 7 nationalities in a team of 6
- Rebecca Recruit Participants Choose an accessible location & provide an option to travel to their location Assistive technology Schedule the right amount of time Consent forms Allow the participants to become familiar with the set up Also check out: Rocket surgery made easy by Steve Krug
- Me and Elizabeth have both created very short examples of personas to show how you can include culture and cognitive impairments into your personas and user research. Example (short, low fidelity) persona for a childrens website - the children bit might be really good since there’s another talk about children UX
- Persona - Portuguese Doesn’t have Western customs Names don’t work in the same way of “Joe Bloggs” Doesn’t speak English that well Most people expect long names from certain cultures - latin backgrounds “Special” colleague whose full name is: Adam Joshua Charles Newell Fahie
- Rebecca: 2.7 million people in the UK are colour blind People who use the accessibility forum ‘Accessify’ have mentioned that John Lewis is easy to use - example of high colour contrast Pac-ell-o group ;) Colour contrast analyser can be downloaded to your Mac or Windows computer. It allows designers to quickly use the colour drop to test the accessibility of their colours on their designs.
- Elizabeth: Development Code maintainability Can override CSS and it’s flexible to change design Culture Less overwhelming for someone who doesn’t speak language natively Better structure to work with for browsers to translate Blind Screen-readers can understand hierarchy Skip links Cognitive issue Shows breakdown hierarchy and process Understand key content
- Rebecca Immediate error [and positive] feedback whilst the user is completing the form instead of at the end Descriptive and information error messages - help users to successfully complete the form When the user does click on ‘submit’ for the form and there is still errors - link to errors at the top of the form, also benefits screen readers
- Elizabeth Captions are known for helping those with audio impairments but they offer so much more. Translations are a cheap way to use the same video and still get your point across - although please test automatic captions if that’s what you’re using For those with cognitive impairments who can get overwhelmed by noise they can turn off the audio and read your content instead As a consultant I travel and I might not always have headphones. I might need to do quick client research from our videos and need captions
- Rebecca People with learning difficulties may have difficulty understanding text which is written with a high grade level and websites that use jargon or sarcasm. This can differ depending on your key target audience You can use tools such as Read-able and Hemingway to test your web page content and look at the grade level using read-able. Hemingway gives you ways in which you can improve your writing to make it easier to understand. Culture - Jargon gets lost in translation
- Elizabeth - Accessible Rich Internet Applications We can use things like ARIA roles and labels for to describe what components do on a page Added structure adds sensical value ARIA != magical accessible fairy dust
- Rebecca? Looking at how we will be driving accessibility forward and how your business can drive accessibility moving forward
- Rebecca - Meetups and book Elizabeth - Book, blog and HCI masters
- cards - http://www.digitalpulse.pwc.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/Attitude-Adjusters.compressed.pdf Rebecca These are cards which have been created by ‘digital pulse’ and they can be printed off and used as ideas for how to become ‘champions’ of accessibility in an organisation (just something fun) - happy to move these to a different slide and list how to get teams on board here Bribes - good HTML = higher SEO rankings and better web crawlability
- Elizabeth These are huge portions of their clientele that you are cutting out or disregarding. This is money that they’re losing. German is highest natively spoken language Source: http://www.lukehay.co.uk/2014/12/accessible-personas/ (he works with Ability Net)
- Elizabeth Accessibility along with security would not and should not be dumped in at the beginning and forgotten about or stuck on at the end Pa11y is a free open source tool which can be left to monitor the pages you want to focus on. It doesn’t spider through all of your pages from one URL Graphs to show progress and provides a starting point of colour contrast and alt tags
- Elizabeth: END WITH THANK YOU IN SIGN LANGUAGE - I will forget