This document summarizes Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) systems around the world. It provides statistics on the number of BRT cities and corridors, total system length, and daily ridership, broken down by country and region. It also describes the evolution and growth of BRT over time, with most expansion occurring since 2000. Examples of top performing BRT systems are highlighted from cities like São Paulo, Istanbul, Bogota, and Guangzhou. The document concludes with discussions of emerging BRT technologies in areas like vehicle guidance, propulsion, and information systems.

1. BRT Around the World
Update 2012 and Future Evolution
Dario Hidalgo, PhD
Director Research and Practice, EMBARQ
Bus Rapid Transit Across Latitudes and Cultures
Centre of Excellence
Webinar Series, November 29, 2012

2. www.embarq.org

3. Aileen Carrigan
Heshuang Zeng
Erin Cooper
Marco Priego
Jorge Macías Umang Jain
Daniela Fachinni
Cristina Albuquerque
Guillermo Petzhold
Magdala Arioli
Mariana Gil

4. www.sibrtonline.org www.brt.cl

5. SIBRT: 19 Public Agencies from 8 Countries
www.sibrtonline.org

6. www.brtdata.org

7. BRT and busway systems in the world
# of cities and length (km) per country
11 3
6
1 3
5
1 1
13 1 1
14 1 2
1 13
2
1
5
1 4 1
1 1 1
1
1
2 6
640 km 1 31
6
2
320 km
1
1
80 km
147 cities = 259 corridors = 3,781 km 1
2 km
source: BRTdata.org, November, 2012

8. BRT and busway systems in the world
# of cities and daily demand per country (M pax/day)
11 3
6 1 3
5
14 1 1 1
13 1 2
1 1 2 1 13
5 4
1 1
6
1 1 1
1
1
2 10.5 M
pax/day 31
2.5 M 1
6
1 2
1.5 M
1
0.5 M 147 cities = 24,853,863 pax/day 1
0.05 M
source: BRTdata.org, November, 2012

9. BRT and busway systems in the world
daily demand per region (M pax/day)
Asia
USA and Canada 25 cities
20 cities 25 corridors
27 corridors 6.44 M pax/day
0.85 M pax/day Europe
42 cities
51 corridors
0.94 M pax/day
Africa
3 cities
3 corridors
0.24 M pax/day
Latin America and
Oceania
the Caribbean
7 cities
50 cities
7 corridors
146 corridors
0.32 M pax/day
16.06 M pax/day
source: BRTdata.org, November, 2012

10. BRT and busway systems in the world
evolution of the # of cities and km per decade
3781 km
905 km Before 1990 (14 cities)
493 km 1990 s (19 cities)
Total length Since 2000 (114 cities)
source: BRTdata.org, November, 2012

11. BRT and busway systems in the world
Evolution of the number of cities per year
25 150
2010: Guangzhou, Hefei, Yancheng, Zaozhuang – China;
Jaipur - India; Bangkok - Thailand; East London Transit –
UK; Barranquilla, Bucaramanga – Colombia; 125
20
Cumulative Number of Cities
Ecatepec- Mexico; Lima - Peru; Brampton – Canada; …
100
15
New Cities
75
2000: Bogotá
10 (TransMilenio),
Colombia 50
5
1974: Curitiba 25
0 0
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
source: BRTdata.org, November, 2012

12. BRT and busway systems in the world
Evolution of total length of systems
2000 4000
3500
1500 3000
Constructed length (km)
Cumulative length (km)
2500
1000 2000
1500
500 1000
500
0 0
source: BRTdata.org, November, 2012

13. BRT and busway systems in the world
In operation
(147 cities)
In expansion
(21 cities)
Planned / in
construction
(84 cities)
source: EMBARQ, 2011

14. Top Performers 2012

15. Jakarta, Indonesia
134 km
Photo: http://www.unep.org/unite/30ways/story.aspx?storyID=45

16. São Paulo, Brasil
2,109,000 pax/day

17. Istanbul, Turkey
42 km/h

18. Bogota, Colombia
48,000 pphpd
Photo: TRANSMILENIO S.A.

19. Guangzhou, China
35,800 pax/day/km
Guangzhou BRT's Gangding Station. Photo by Benjamin.

20. Guadalajara, Mexico
3,100 pax/day/bus
Photo: CTS EMBARQ México

21. Guayaquil, Ecuador
13.2 pax/bus-km
Photos by D. Hidalgo

22. The new kids (LAC):
Photo: CTS EMBARQ Mexico
México City Rio de Janeiro Bogotá
Line 4 TransOeste Phase III

23. México City
Metrobús
6 years, 95 km
755,000 pax/day
+105 km 2013-2018
http://www.metrobus.df.gob.mx/mapa.html

24. http://www.metrobus.df.gob.mx/mapa_L4.html

25. Metrobús Line 4
April 2012
28 km (2 roads bidirectional)
32 stops
2 terminals
2 airport stops
54 Euro V 12m buses (8 hybrid diesel-electic)
Integrated electronic fare collection (on board)

26. Photo: CTS EMBARQ Mexico

27. Photo: CTS EMBARQ Mexico

28. Photo: CTS EMBARQ Mexico

29. Photo: CTS EMBARQ Mexico

30. Photo: CTS EMBARQ Mexico

31. Photo: CTS EMBARQ Mexico

32. Photo: CTS EMBARQ Mexico

33. Photo: CTS EMBARQ Mexico

34. Photo: CTS EMBARQ Mexico

35. Photo: CTS EMBARQ Mexico

36. Things done well Required improvements
Adaptive design to User information
historic district
conditions Speed
Advanced vehicles Reliability
New connections - Pedestrian safety
mass transit corridors
(BRT, Metro) and the
airport

37. Rio de Janeiro
150 km planned 2012-2016

38. Photo: EMBARQ Brasil

39. Transoeste Ligerão
Currently in operation Project
Since May 2012 56 km of which 48 km
segregated median busways
40 km of which 32 km
segregated median busways 55 stations, 3 terminals
91 articulated buses
29 stations, 2 terminals
110,000 pax/day by the end
65 articulated buses of 2012
55,000 pax/day 220.000 pax/day when
connected to Metro in 2016
R$ 2,75 (USD 1,36) per trip
31 feeder routes, 147 feeder
buses
Capital investment R$ 1,6
bilion (USD 800 million)

40. Photo: EMBARQ Brasil

41. Photo: EMBARQ Brasil

42. Photo: EMBARQ Brasil

43. Photo: EMBARQ Brasil

44. Photo: EMBARQ Brasil

45. Photo: EMBARQ Brasil

46. Transoeste Ligerão
Work in progress (71%)
Very good user ratings (90%, Instituto
Mapear, http://oglobo.globo.com/rio/pesquisa-sobre-brt-
revela-aprovacao-de-90-dos-passageiros-5698633)
20 min time savings
High occupancy
Jaywaking – Run overs

47. TransMilenio, Bogotá
104 km, 2 million pax/day (Dec 2012)
http://www.surumbo.com/paginas_php3/loadinfo.php3?InaNuIdMn=311&IngNuEleE=2&
nav=1
http://www.surumbo.com/paginas_php3/loadinfo.php3?InaNuIdMn=311&IngNuEleE=2&nav=1

48. Fase III TransMilenio, Bogotá
20 km, 520,000 pax/day (Dec 2012)
http://www.surumbo.com/paginas_php3/loadinfo.php3?InaNuIdMn=311&IngNuEleE=2&
nav=1
http://www.transmilenio.gov.co/AdmContenidoUpload/administrador.contenido/Files/Fase3/Generalidades%20F3.pdf

49. Fase III TransMilenio, Bogotá
20 km, 520,000 pax/day (Mid 2013)
Eldorado Trunkway Carrera 10ª Trunkway
12.2 km 7.7 km
1 Terminal Station 1 Terminal Station
1 Integration Station 2 Integration Stations
12 intermediate 8 Intermediate Stations
Stations 1 depot
1 depot 2 pedestrian tunnels
Pedestrian overpass At grade pedestrian
access, 1 pedestrian access
tunnels
http://www.surumbo.com/paginas_php3/loadinfo.php3?InaNuIdMn=311&IngNuEleE=2&
nav=1
http://www.transmilenio.gov.co/AdmContenidoUpload/administrador.contenido/Files/Fase3/Generalidades%20F3.pdf

50. http://www.caracol.com.co/images/1706569_n_vir1
.jpg?u=150637
http://interpolitico.com/inicio/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/transmilenio12-571x350.jpg
http://www.caracol.com.co/images/1654864_n_vir1.jpg?
u=151257
http://www.eltiempo.com/colombia/bogota/IMAGEN/IMAGEN-12046587-2.png

51. Photo: Luis Lizarazo, El Tiempo
Portal Eldorado Troncal Calle 26
Terminal

52. http://www.elespectador.com/files/img_ipad/fcd890eff2aed371be7a0ec1cee68d5a.jpg
Troncal Calle 26 - Station

53. Central Station
Urban Renewal Project
(under construction)

54. Portal del 20 de Julio
Terminal Station
http://www.elespectador.com/files/images/201105/7604fe3c744b9c4347f087
bdc4a04dd6.jpg
http://www.eltiempo.com/colombia/bogota/IMAGEN/IMAGEN -8939936-2.jpg

55. Instituto de Desarrollo Urbano
Troncal Carrera 10a
Calle 6 Intersection and Intermediate Terminal
(under construction)

56. New Flleet of Biarticulated Buses Euro V
Downton Transit Mall (Eje Ambiental)

57. Phase III TransMilenio, Bogotá
Work in progress (60%, expected completion by Feb
2013)
A component of the integrated mass transit system
(SITP), being rolled out
Belated, 6 years
High occupancy in Phases I and II
43 km BRT expansion planned 2013-2015 (+Metro
+Light Rail Transit + Cables)

58. BRT Current Status:
147 worldwide applications; concentration in Latin
America, high growth in Asia and the Pacific
Innovation continues: adapted to local conditions
and needs; new technologies (vehicles and ITS)
High performance, low cost, rapid implementation
Trend: from corridors to citywide integrated systems
Some issues outstanding: reliability, occupancy

59. Future of BRT Technolgies
Running way guidance
Vehicle propulsion technologies
Information technologies
Fare collection
Planning and controlling operations

60. Running way guidance/docking
Mechanical Optical Magnetic
Essen (1980) Rouen, France Eindhoven (2004)
Adelaide (1986) (2001), Castellón de la
Leeds (1995) Plana, Spain
Cambridge (2011) (2008), Nimes, France
Cleveland (2011 ) (2010) and Bologna, Italy
(2010).Tested in Las

61. Vehicle propulsion technologies
Diesel - reduction of the fuel´s sulfur content,
engine improvements and filters and catalysts
Compressed natural gas CNG
Liquefied natural gas LNG
Electric (trolleybuses), since 1911, in 315 cities
Hybrid-electric drives
Hydraulic Hybrids
Battery Electric
Hydrogen powered buses

62. Pollutant Emissions From Buse
http://www.embarq.org/en/pro
ject/sustainable-urban-
transport-fuels-and-vehicles-
program
Authors:
Erin Cooper, Aileen Carrigan
EMBARQ
Magdala Arioli, EMBARQ Brasil
Umang Jain, EMBARQ India
Contributors: Jorge
Macias, Cynthia
Menendez, Georg
Schmid, CTS-EMBARQ Mexico
Funding:

63. Source: Cooper et. al 2012

64. CO THC NOx PM CO2
LNG High Very High Medium Very Low
E95 Very High Very High Very High Very High
E93 Very High Very High Medium Very High
D50+DPF Low Very Low High Medium High
D50 Medium Very Low High Very High Medium
D15+SCR High Very Low Medium Medium Low
D15+OC Very Low Very Low Medium Medium Medium
D15+Hybrid Very Low Very Low Variable Low Variable
D15+EGR Very Low Very Low Medium Medium Very High
D15+DPF Very Low Very Low High Low Very High
D15 Low Very Low High Very High Very High
D≥150+OC Low Low High Very High Low
D≥150 Medium Low Very High Very High Medium
CNG+OC Very Low Very High High Very Low Medium
CNG+3WC Very Low Low Very Low Very Low Medium
CNG Very High Very High Very High Very Low High
B20 Low Low High Medium High
B100+SCR Medium Very Low Low Low Very Low
B100+EGR Very Low Very Low Medium Medium Low
Source: Cooper et. al 2012

65. ITS – Fare Collection
Advanced contactless smart cards are
the most common media; flexible,
secure, convenient
Technologies:
MIFARE, introduced in 1994, market
share of more than 70%
Octopus, in Honk Kong since 1997:
applications in the Netherlands,
Dubai and New Zealand
Cubic, in 40 markets around the
world
Visa/Mastercard
New: NFC and EMV; for use with
cellular phones; under development
in 80 countries

66. ITS – Planning and Operations
Advanced route design –
heuristics
Advanced bus and crew
scheduling
Advanced operational
control AVL/CAD
Traffic Signal Priority TSP
Control: holding, early
doors closing, TSP

67. New Methodology and Results
on Tackling Bus Bunching
Friday, December 14th at 1300 CLST (UTC-3)
Presented by Juan Carlos Munoz, ALC-BRT Director

68. ¡Muchas Gracias!
Volvo Research and Educational
Foundations

69. Further Reading (2012 ALC-BRT publications)
Hidalgo, D., Gutierrez, L. (2012), BRT and BHLS around the world: Explosive growth, large positive impacts and
many issues outstanding, Research In Transportation Economics, Volume 39, Issue 1, March 2013, Pages 8-13
Hidalgo, D., Huizenga, C. (2012), Implementation of sustainable urban transport in Latin America, Research In
Transportation Economics (In Press, Corrected Proof).
Hidalgo, D., Muñoz, J.C. (2012), A review of technological improvements in BRT and BHLS
12th Conference On Advanced Systems For Public Transport. Santiago, Chile, 23-27 July, 2012.
Hidalgo, D., Pereira, L. Estupiñán, N. and Jiménez, P. L. (2012), TransMilenio BRT system in Bogota, high performance
and positive impact – Main results of an ex-post evaluation, Research In Transportation Economics, , Volume 39, Issue
1, March 2013, Pages 133-138
Jiang, Y., Zegras, C. and Mehndiratta, S. (2012), Walk the line: station context, corridor type and bus rapid transit
walk access in Jinan, China, Journal Of Transport Geography 20, 1 - 14.
Kash, G., Hidalgo, H. (2012), The promise and challenges of integrating public transportation in Bogotá, Colombia,
12th Conference On Advanced Systems For Public Transport. Santiago, Chile, 23-27 July, 2012.
Kash, G., Hidalgo, D. (2012), User perception of Bogotá’s integrated public transport system: trends and
implications for program implementation, Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting. Washington, USA, 22-26
January, 2012.
Martinez, L.M., Dai, D., Viegas, J.M. (2012), Evaluation of the traffic control system of open Bus Rapid Transit
corridors: An application to the city of Guangzhou, 12th Conference On Advanced Systems For Public Transport.
Santiago, Chile, 23-27 July, 2012.
Navarrete, F. and Ortúzar, J. de D. (2012), Subjective valuation of the transit transfer experience: the case of
Santiago de Chile, Transportation Research A (Accepted)

70. O-Bahn, Adelaide, Australia
Opened in 1986
12 Km, guided, $98 MM Aus (including buses), up to 18,000 pax/hour

71. Running way guidance costs
Km Type of Capital Cost Cost/Km
(Pax/Day) Guidance (M€) (M€)
Teor – Rouen, 30 Optical Infra 165 Infra 5.5
France (49,000) Buses 28 Buses 0.9
Total 193 Total 6.4
Spurbus 16 [4] Kerb Guided Infra N.A. N.A.
Essen, (17,000) Buses 0.35/
Germany unit
TVRCAS 2 Optical Infras 22 Infra 11.0
Castellon, (3,200) (trolleybus) Buses 8 Buses 3.8
Spain Total 30 Total 13.8
Cambridge, 25 Kerb Guided Infra 85 Infra 3.4
UK (20,000) Buses N.A.
Source: Finn et al, 2011

72. Examples of Costs of Different Vehicle Technologies in
Europe (Thousand €)
Propulsion Standard Articulated Double-
articulated
Diesel 200 300 600
CNG 250 350 650
Hybrid 300 500 850
Trolley 400 650 1,000
Fuel Cell* > 1,000 - -
Source: Finn et. al (2011) * Not yet in commercial operation

73. Reference costs for Euro 5 Vehicles in Mexico (Thousand USD)
Double-
Standard Articulated
Articulated
Diesel 12 m 18 m 25 m
High Floor with
90-150 NA NA
stairs
High Floor
130-160 330-365 490-500
without stairs
Low entry 150-180 NA NA
Low floor 280-310 430-460 630-650
CNG + 20-30%
Hybrid +40-60%
Air Conditioned +15 +35
Source: Suarez, 2011