1.
why ?

2.
is for people
who want to go
fast over short
distances

3.
10-15 km/hr
Average speed in European
urban centres at peak periods
12-14 km/hr (Dublin)
15 km/hr (Lyon)
15.5 km/hr (Copenhagen)
Prudhomme and Bocarejo, 2005, City of Paris, 2012, Jensen et al, 2010

4.
is for people
who cannot afford
to be late

5.
Reliability key performance
indicator for urban traffic

6.
is for
commerce

7.
Who spends what in shops?
Revenue in Copenhagen shops and supermarkets by mode of transport (DKK billion/yr)
15.4
15.3
11.0
6.8
City of Copenhagen

8.
Who spends what in shops?
Expenditure, Portland (shops, restaurants,bars) by mode of transport (USD person/month)
OTREC, Examining Consumer Bevaviour and Travel Choices
76
61
66
58

9.
Retail revenue per square foot and per
hour of occupied parking
$A 0.69
$A 0.19
Lee, 2008

10.
is for
successful cities

11.
Tami Door,
President, Downtown
Denver Partnership, Inc.
“The number one thing [tech companies] want is bike lanes.
Ten years ago we never would have thought that walkability
or bike lanes would be economic development tools”

12.
A.C. Wharton Jr,
Mayor,
Memphis, TN, USA
655 155 inhabitants,
“It is much more cost-feasible for me to [enhance the core
city] with protected bike lanes, than it is for me to go way out
somewhere, put in sewers, street lights, and all this stuff.
[Cycling] bodes well for our citizens and their health … but it
also bodes well for the finances of the city.”

13.
is for people
who enjoy good
health

14.
on balance, the monetised benefits
from improved health are up to
20x
greater than the combined health
impacts of crashes and exposure to
air pollution

15.
-15%
Today’s childrens’
cardiovascular fitness
compared to 30 years ago
G. Tomkinson et al, 2013

16.
supernormal

17.
Making cyclists safe
in the current traffic system?

18.
Making the system safe
for (new and existing) cyclists?

19.
ofParis streets 30kmor lower

20.
Safety
in numbers

21.
Safetyin numbers
50 Cyclist per billion km/yr (#)
Cyclist deaths per billion km ridden/year
18
20
27 28
more crashes?
11
15 15
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
Do policies thatincrease
the number of cyclists lead to
32
44
864
513
368
261
267
88
75 196
47
1000
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
0
Bicycle Kilometres travel/ridden/capita person/per year year
(km)

22.
CPH DK
Safetyin numbers
1.0
Kilomètres travelled by bike (weekdays)
Serious cyclist injuries or
death by km
1.2
0.3
Kilometres of cycle infrastructure
Cycling tracks Cycling lanes Green cycle routes
323 338 348 367 380 388 397 411
1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010
1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010

23.
London: Cycle Superhighway

24.
London: « Cycle Superhighway »

25.
London: « Cycle Superhighway », V. 2.0

26.
Perceived safety
Real safety

27.
Perceived safety
Real safety
Continuous cycle network of high standard on
routes and at intersections, improve cyclist safety,
security and accessibility, and is thus an important
basis for increasing bicycle use.

28.
Copenhagen

29.
Göztepe,
Bağdat Caddesi'nde
Source: Bisikletliler Derneği

30.
Beşiktaş,
Etiler Cumhuriyet Caddesi'nde
Source: Bisikletliler Derneği

31.
Copenhagen, DK Tracks&
Lanes

32.
Bremen, DE Tracks&
Lanes

33.
Antwerp, BE Tracks&
Lanes

34.
Sevilla, ES Tracks&
Lanes

35.
Nantes, FR Tracks&
Lanes

36.
Antwerp, BE
Bremen, DE
Nantes, FR
Seville, ES
Copenhagen, DK
25%
(2012)
7%
(2013)
8%
(2012)
25%
(2008)
23%
(2010)

37.
BICYCLE TRACKS vs. CITY ROADS
SPACE
CAPACITY
COST
2.5M 2.5M 20 M 25%of the
38,000/DAY 40,000/DAY 95%of the
1.3 $
$142K/KM $1 1 .25M/KM
%of the

38.
64TL
per capita per year
City of Copenhagen’s annual cycling
infrastructure and maintenance budget

39.
On balance: benefits and costs
Sensitive to context, assumptions (health, modal
transfer) and costs – but….
13:1
average benefit to cost ratio (UK and non UK)
8-33%
Rates of returnfor cyclist bridge and
intersection re-design in Copenhagen

40.
sürpriz!

41.
Protected Bicycle Lanes in NYC
2nd Avenue

42.
Protected Bicycle Lanes in NYC
2nd Avenue

43.
Protected Bicycle Lanes in NYC
2nd Avenue

44.
Protected Bicycle Lanes in NYC
2nd Avenue

45.
Protected Bicycle Lanes in NYC
2nd Avenue

46.
Protected Bicycle Lanes in NYC
Cycling +9-160%
Injuries -20%
2nd Avenue

47.
Protected Bicycle Lanes in NYC
Cycling +9-160%
Injuries -20%
Speed +0-14%
2nd Avenue

48.
Protected Bicycle Lanes in NYC
Cycling +9-160%
Injuries -20%
Speed +0-14%
2nd Avenue

49.
Getting from A to B: Today
A B
A B
A B

50.
Getting from A to B: Future
A B
A B
A B

51.
Paris, Left bank expressway, 2012

52.
Paris, Left bank expressway, 2014

53.
Paris, 2001-2012
-25% Veh. Km Weekdays