This presentation is done by 2010/2011 batch of Export Agriculture students of Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka as a requirement for the subject which is “Rice & Field Crop Production”. Note that the information included here is relevant to Sri Lankan condition.

1. Scientific
classification
Gingelly
Kingdo
Plantae
m:
(unrank
Angiosp
ed):
erms
(unrank
Eudicot
ed):
s
(unrank
Asterids
(Sesamum ed):
Order: Lamiale
indicum)
s
Family: Pedalia
ceae
Genus: Sesamu
m
Species
:
S.
indicu
m
Group No: 02
Export Agriculture Degree Programme

2. Content
Scientific
classification
Kingdo
m:
Plantae
(unrank
ed):
Angiosp
erms
(unrank
ed):
Eudicot
s
(unrank
ed):
Asterids
Order: Lamiale
s
Family: Pedalia
ceae
Genus: Sesamu
m
Species
:
S.
indicu
m
• Introduction
• Scientific classification
• Major growing areas
• Ecological requirement
• Morphology
• Varieties
• Management practices
• Pest and diseases
• Uses
• Advantages of growing
sesame
• Constraints

3. Introduction
Scientific
classification
• Queen of oil seeds
Kingdo
Plantae
• Contain approximately m:
50% oil and 25%
(unrank
Angiosp
protein.
ed):
erms
(unrank
Eudicot
ed):
s
• One of the oldest cultivated (unrank
Asterids
plants in the
ed):
world.
Order: Lamiale
s
• Sesame oil contains Family: about Pedalia
ceae
47% oleic and 39%
linoleic acid.
Genus: Sesamu
m
Species
:
S.
indicu
m

4. • Most of wild species of the genus Sesamum
Scientific
are native to Africa south classification
of the Saharan
Kingdo
Plantae
m:
• Sesame is grown in (unrank
many Angiosp
parts of the world
ed):
erms
on over 5 million acres (unrank
(Eudicot
20,000 km2)
ed):
s
• The largest producers (unrank
Asterids
ed):
of the crop in 2007
were India, China, Myanmar, Order: Lamiale
s
Sudan, Ethiopia,
Uganda and Nigeria
Family: Pedalia
ceae
Genus: Sesamu
• 70% -Grown in Asia
m
Species
S.
:
indicu
• 26% -Grown in Africa
m

5. Scientific Classification
Scientific
classification
Kingdom : Plantae
Kingdo
m:
Plantae
(unrank
ed):
Angiosp
erms
Order : Lamiales
(unrank
ed):
Eudicot
s
(unrank
ed):
Asterids
Family : Pedaliaceae
Order: Lamiale
s
Family: Pedalia
ceae
Genus: Sesamu
Genus : Sesamum
m
Species
:
S.
indicu
m
Species : S.indicum

6. Major Growing Areas
Scientific
classification
Kingdo
m:
Plantae
(unrank
ed):
Angiosp
erms
(unrank
ed):
Eudicot
s
(unrank
ed):
Asterids
Order: Lamiale
s
Family: Pedalia
ceae
Genus: Sesamu
m
Species
:
S.
indicu
m
In the world;
• China
• India
• Pakistan
In Sri Lanka;
• Jaffna
• Anuradhapura
• Pollonnaruwa
• Wavniya

7. Ecological Requirement
Scientific
classification
• Rainfall – A early stage 500mm-600mm
Kingdo
m:
Plantae
Can cultivate in both;
(unrank
ed):
Angiosp
erms
Yala
Maha
(unrank
ed):
Eudicot
s
(unrank
ed):
Asterids
• Soil condition – Well Order: drain; Lamiale
Sandy loam soil
s
• T range of 25 - 27 0 C Family: encourages Pedalia
ceae
rapid
germination initial growth Genus: Sesamu
m
and flower formation
Species
:
S.
indicu
m

8. Morphology
• Broadleaf plant
Scientific
classification
• An annual plant growing Kingdo
Plantae
m:
to 50 to 100 cm tall
(unrank
Angiosp
Flowers
ed):
erms
(unrank
ed):
Eudicot
s
White to purple, (unrank
tubular, Asterids
3 to 5 cm long,
ed):
with a four-lobed Order: mouth
Lamiale
s
Fruit
Family: Pedalia
ceae
Genus: Sesamu
Deeply grooved capsule m
that contains 50 to
Species
50 to 100 or more seeds
:
S.
indicu
m

9. Root
Tap root system
Scientific
classification
Leaves
Kingdo
Plantae
m:
Varied shapes, either oval (unrank
or Angiosp
lanciolate and fluffy
ed):
erms
on both sides
(unrank
Eudicot
ed):
s
Seed
(unrank
Asterids
ed):
• Capsules are 1 to 1 1/Order: 2 inches Lamiale
long, with 8 rows
s
of seeds in each capsule
Family: Pedalia
ceae
• Seeds are small and vary Genus: Sesamu
in color.
m
• Lighter colored seeds Species
are S.
:
indicu
considered higher
higher quality
m

10. Varieties
Variety Colour of seed Oil content Maturation
Scientific
classification
Kingdo
m:
Plantae
(unrank
ed):
Angiosp
erms
(unrank
ed):
Eudicot
s
(unrank
ed):
Asterids
Order: Lamiale
s
Family: Pedalia
ceae
Genus: Sesamu
m
Species
:
S.
indicu
m
period
MI 1 Black 45% 85 days
MI 2 Black 45% 85 days
MI 3 White 48-49% 80-85 days

11. Other Varieties
Scientific
classification
Kingdo
m:
Plantae
(unrank
ed):
Angiosp
erms
(unrank
ed):
Eudicot
s
(unrank
ed):
Asterids
Order: Lamiale
s
Family: Pedalia
ceae
Genus: Sesamu
m
Species
:
S.
indicu
m
Variety of Colour of
seed
Maturation
period
Harvest
Uma White 70-75 days 700kg/ha
Malee Brown 80-85 days 650kg/ha

12. Land preparation
Scientific
• Sesame seeds are very classification
small and sensitive to
Kingdo
Plantae
tilth of the soil
m:
(unrank
Angiosp
ed):
erms
• Should be weed free and well leveled for sowing
(unrank
ed):
Eudicot
s
(unrank
ed):
Asterids
Order: Lamiale
s
Family: Pedalia
ceae
Genus: Sesamu
m
Species
:
S.
indicu
m

13. Management Practices
Thinned out
Scientific
classification
When plants having 3-4 leaves
Kingdo
m:
Plantae
(unrank
ed):
Angiosp
erms
(unrank
ed):
Eudicot
s
(unrank
ed):
Asterids
Order: Lamiale
s
Family: Pedalia
ceae
Genus: Sesamu
m
Species
:
S.
indicu
m
Fertilizing
Kg/ha Urea TSP MOP
Basal
dressing
50 120 60
Top
dressing
60 - -

14. Scientific
classification
Kingdo
m:
Plantae
(unrank
ed):
Angiosp
erms
(unrank
ed):
Eudicot
s
(unrank
ed):
Asterids
Order: Lamiale
s
Family: Pedalia
ceae
Genus: Sesamu
m
Species
:
S.
indicu
m
Weed Control
• Within 1st month of planting
• Weeding-after 2weeks of planting
• Remove/thin out excess plants
• After 4weeks again can do weeding
Mulching in sesame cultivation

15. Scientific
classification
• Mature between 3-4 months
Kingdo
Plantae
m:
• Bottom seeds ripening (unrank
first
Angiosp
ed):
erms
• Capsules shattering to (unrank
shed Eudicot
their seeds is a
ed):
s
problem in harvesting
(unrank
Asterids
ed):
Order: Lamiale
• Plants are cut to a height s
of 10-15 cm or
Family: Pedalia
uprooted before capsules ceae
are fully ripened
Genus: Sesamu
m
Species
:
S.
indicu
m
Harvesting

16. The optimum time for harvesting is when:
Scientific
classification
• The first, lowest capsules turn brown and
Kingdo
Plantae
begin to pop open
m:
(unrank
Angiosp
• The stem turns ed):
yellow
erms
(unrank
Eudicot
• The leaves begin ed):
to s
fall off
(unrank
Asterids
• Blossoming has ed):
Order: finished
Lamiale
s
• The leaves have Family: turned Pedalia
yellow
ceae
Genus: Sesamu
m
Species
:
S.
indicu
m

17. Processing
Scientific
classification
• To prevent sand been Kingdo
mixed Plantae
spread the seeds
m:
on magal or polythene
(unrank
Angiosp
ed):
erms
• Remove the separated (unrank
Eudicot
seeds and clean them
ed):
s
and store them
(unrank
Asterids
ed):
Order: Lamiale
s
Family: Pedalia
ceae
Genus: Sesamu
m
Species
:
S.
indicu
m

18. Major Problem
Scientific
classification
• About 99% of the Gingelly grown in the
Kingdo
Plantae
world is harvested m:
(manually
unrank
Angiosp
ed):
erms
• Because the capsules (unrank
Eudicot
shatter when they dry
ed):
s
down
(unrank
Asterids
ed):
• Gingelly pods that Order: open Lamiale
and the seed fall
s
down
Family: Pedalia
ceae
Genus: Sesamu
m
Species
:
S.
indicu
m

19. Further more……
Scientific
classification
Kingdo
m:
Plantae
(unrank
ed):
Angiosp
erms
(unrank
ed):
Eudicot
s
(unrank
ed):
Asterids
Order: Lamiale
s
Family: Pedalia
ceae
Genus: Sesamu
m
Species
:
S.
indicu
m
Crop duration
80-85 days
Seed rate
Broadcasting – 7kg/ha
Row seeding – 5kg/ha
Time of planting
Yala season – Mid March- Early April
Maha season – At early October
Seeding and spacing
Space between two rows – 30cm
Space between two plants – 15 cm

20. Major Pests in Gingelly
Scientific
classification
Kingdo
m:
Plantae
(unrank
ed):
Angiosp
erms
(unrank
ed):
Eudicot
s
(unrank
ed):
Asterids
Order: Lamiale
s
Family: Pedalia
ceae
Genus: Sesamu
m
Species
:
S.
indicu
m
• Sesame gall midge
(Asphondylia sesami)
• Spider mites (Tetranychus spp.)
• Whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci)
• Cut worm (Agrotia spp.)
• Aphids

21. Other Pests
• Devil grasshopper (Diabolocatantops
Scientific
axillaries)
classification
Kingdo
m:
Plantae
(unrank
ed):
Angiosp
erms
• Army worm (Helicoverpa fletcheri)
(unrank
ed):
Eudicot
s
(unrank
ed):
Asterids
• Green stink bug (Nezara viridula)
Order: Lamiale
s
Family: Pedalia
• Bean weevil (Callosobruchus ceae
analis)
Genus: Sesamu
m
Species
:
S.
indicu
m
• Sesame webworm (Antigastra catalaunalis)
• Sesame flea beetle (Alocypha bimaculata)

22. Major Diseases in Gingelly
Scientific
classification
Kingdo
m:
Plantae
• Leaf spot (Pseudomonas syringe)
(unrank
ed):
Angiosp
erms
(unrank
ed):
Eudicot
s
(unrank
ed):
Asterids
Order: Lamiale
s
Family: Pedalia
ceae
•Fusarium wilt (Fusarium Genus: Sesamu
oxysporum)
m
Species
:
S.
indicu
m

23. • Charcoal rot (Macrophomina phaseolina)
Scientific
classification
Kingdo
m:
Plantae
• Powdery mildew (Oidium crysiphoides &
(unrank
ed):
Angiosp
erms
Sphaerotheca fuluginea)
(unrank
ed):
Eudicot
s
(unrank
ed):
Asterids
• Blight or Black shank (Phytopthora nicolianae)
Order: Lamiale
s
Family: Pedalia
ceae
Genus: Sesamu
m
Species
:
S.
indicu
m

24. Advantages Of Growing Sesame
• An adaptable crop grown Scientific
classification
in arid/semi-arid
regions
Kingdo
Plantae
m:
(unrank
ed):
Angiosp
erms
(unrank
ed):
Eudicot
s
• Offers more potential return for less cost than
(unrank
Asterids
other crops
ed):
Order: Lamiale
s
Family: Pedalia
ceae
• Can be more profitable Genus: Sesamu
with limited resources
m
than other crops using the same level of resources
Species
:
S.
indicu
m
• Excellent drought and heat tolerance

25. • Has shown excellent disease and insect
tolerance
Scientific
classification
Kingdo
m:
Plantae
(unrank
ed):
Angiosp
erms
• Grows well in no-till and results in mellow soil
(unrank
Eudicot
with residue that allows ed):
uniform s
planting
(unrank
ed):
Asterids
Order: Lamiale
s
Family: Pedalia
ceae
Genus: Sesamu
m
Species
:
S.
indicu
m

26. Uses
Scientific
classification
Confectioneries and other food items
Kingdo
m:
Plantae
(unrank
ed):
Angiosp
erms
(unrank
ed):
Eudicot
s
(unrank
ed):
Asterids
Order: Lamiale
s
Family: Pedalia
ceae
Genus: Sesamu
m
Species
:
S.
indicu
m

27. Scientific
classification
Kingdo
m:
Plantae
(unrank
ed):
Angiosp
erms
(unrank
ed):
Eudicot
s
(unrank
ed):
Asterids
Order: Lamiale
s
Family: Pedalia
ceae
Genus: Sesamu
m
Species
:
S.
indicu
m
• Vegetable oil
• Body massage
• Hair treatment
• Drug manufacturing
• Agrochemical manufacturing
• Soap manufacturing
• Worship

28. Constraints in Gingelly Cultivation
Scientific
classification
Kingdo
m:
Plantae
• Cultivation of low yielding (unrank
Angiosp
dehiscent varieties
ed):
erms
with low harvest index (unrank
values
Eudicot
ed):
s
• Significant yield loss (unrank
during Asterids
threshing
ed):
Order: Lamiale
• Lack of agricultural inputs, s
improved varieties
Family: Pedalia
• Lack of appropriate storage ceae
facilities
Genus: Sesamu
m
Species
:
S.
indicu
m

29. Group Members
Scientific
classification
Kingdo
m:
Plantae
• M.J.Infaz (unrank
Angiosp
UWU/EAG/11/0020
ed):
erms
• R.A.D.S Rupasinghe (unrank
Eudicot
UWU/EAG/11/0024
ed):
s
• Y.S.M.M.P Yallarawa (unrank
Asterids
ed):
UWU/EAG/11/0029
Order: Lamiale
s
Family: Pedalia
ceae
Genus: Sesamu
m
Species
:
S.
indicu
m

30. THANK YOU!
Scientific
classification
Kingdo
m:
Plantae
(unrank
ed):
Angiosp
erms
(unrank
ed):
Eudicot
s
(unrank
ed):
Asterids
Order: Lamiale
s
Family: Pedalia
ceae
Genus: Sesamu
m
Species
:
S.
indicu
m