Muscles of mastication and face

1. ORO-FACIAL MUSCULATURE Check out ppt download link in description Or Download link : https://userupload.net/9yakaq90wkfi

2. CONTENTS • Development of orofacial musculature • Classification of orofacial musculature • Muscles of mastication • Accessory muscles of mastication • Palpation of masticatory muscles • Applied anatomy • Conclusion • References

3. Development of oro-facial musculature

4. Development of oro-facial musculature

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6. Classification Muscles of head Craniofacial muscles Masticatory muscles

7. Classification Craniofacial muscles Epicranial Circumorbital and palpebral Nasal Buccolabial

8. Epicranial muscles Occipitofrontalis Temporoparietalis Classification

9. Circumorbital and palpebral Orbicularis oculi Corrugator supercilli Levator palpebrae superioris Classification

11. Classification Nasal Procerus Nasalis Depressor septi

12. Buccolabial Elevators , retractors Evertors of upper lip Depressors, retractors and Evertors of lower lip A compound sphincter Buccinator Classification

13. Muscles of mastication Masseter Temporalis Medial pterygoid Lateral pterygoid Accessory masticatory muscles Classification

14. Facial muscles

16. Epicranial muscle group Occipitofrontalis • Consists of 2 occipital and 2 frontal parts connected by epicranial aponeurosis Facial muscles

17. Origin • Occipital part – lateral 2/3rd highest nuchal line of occipital bone and mastoid part of temporal bone. • Frontal part – no bony attachments of its own , fibers blend with adjacent muscles. Insertion – into the epicranial aponeurosis. Facial muscles

18. Vascular supply • Superficial temporal , Opthalmic ,Posterior auricular and occipital arteries Innervation • Occipital part – posterior auricular branch of facial nerve • Frontal part – temporal branch of facial nerve Facial muscles

19. Action Frontal part • Acting from above – raise the eyebrows and skin over the root of the nose. • Acting from below – draw the scalp forward , throwing the forehead into transverse wrinkles. Occipital part – draws the scalp backwards • Acting alternatively – move the entire scalp backwards and forwards. Facial muscles

21. Temporoparietalis • Lies between the frontal parts of occipitofrontalis and anterior and superior auricular muscles. Vascular supply • Superficial temporal , Opthalmic ,Posterior auricular and occipital arteries Innervation • Posterior auricular branch of facial nerve and the temporal branch of facial nerve Facial muscles

22. Circumorbital and palpebral muscle group Orbicularis oculi • Has orbital ,palpebral and lacrimal parts. Facial muscles

23. Orbital part Origin – nasal component of frontal bone , frontal process of maxilla and medial palpebral ligament.

24. Palpebral part – medial palpebral ligament and bone above and below the ligament. Facial muscles

26. Insertion – skin around the margins of the orbit and tarsal plate. Lacrimal part – upper part of lacrimal crest and adjacent lateral surface of lacrimal bone.

27. Vascular supply – branches of facial , superficial temporal , maxillary , opthalmic arteries. Innervation – temporal and zygomatic branches of facial nerve. Action – closes eyelids palpebral part- gently closes eyelids orbital part- tightly closes them. Facial muscles

28. Corrugator supercilli Origin- from bone at the medial end of superciliary arch. Insertion – skin above the middle of the supraorbital margin. Vascular supply – superficial temporal , opthalmic arteries. Facial muscles

29. Corrugator supercilli Innervation – temporal branch of facial nerve. Action – with oculi muscle shield the eye involved in frowning , vertical wrinkles on the forehead. Facial muscles

30. Nasal muscle group Procerus Origin – facial aponeurosis covering lower part of nasal bone and upper part of lateral nasal cartilage. Insertion – skin over lower part of forehead between the eyebrows. Facial muscles

31. Procerus Vascular supply – branches from facial artery. Innervation – temporal and lower zygomatic branches of facial nerve. Action – transverse wrinkles over the bridge of nose , help to reduce the glare of bright light. Facial muscles

32. Nasalis • Consists of transverse and alar parts. • Tranverse - from maxilla just lateral to the nasal notch • Alar part – from maxilla below and medial to the transverse part Insertion – nasal cartilages. Facial muscles

33. Nasalis Vascular supply –infraorbital branch of facial artery. Innervation – buccal branch of facial nerve. Action transverse- compresses the nasal aperture. alar -widening the anterior nasal aperture. -Deep inspiration Facial muscles

34. Depressor septi Origin – maxilla above the central incisor Insertion – mobile part of the nasal septum Vascular supply – superior labial branch of facial artery Facial muscles

35. Innervation – buccal branch of facial nerve Action – pulls the nasal septum downwards , with nasalis widens the nasal aperture. Depressor septi Facial muscles

36. Buccolabial group of muscles • Elevators , retractors , evertors of upper lip • Depressors, retractors, evertors of lower lip • A compound sphincter – orbicularis oris , incisivus superior and inferior. • Buccinator Facial muscles

37. Origin – upper part of the frontal process of maxilla Insertion – greater alar cartilage of nose and skin over it , some fibers into lateral part of upper lip and floor of dermis at the nasolabial furrow and ridge. Vascular supply – facial artery and infraorbital branch of maxillary artery. Facial muscles Levator labii superioris alaequae nasi

38. Levator labii superioris alaequae nasi Innervation – zygomatic and buccal branches of facial nerve. Action – raises and everts the upper lip increases the curvature of top of nasolabial furrow , dilates the nostrils. Facial muscles

39. Levator labii superioris Origin – maxilla and zygomatic bone above the infraorbital foramen. Insertion– muscular substances of upper lip Vascular supply- facial artery and infraorbital branch of maxillary artery. Facial muscles

40. Levator labii superioris Innervation . – zygomatic and buccal branches of facial nerve. Action – elevates and everts the upper lip, modifies the nasolabial furrow. Facial muscles

41. Zygomatic major Origin – zygomatic bone just in front of zygomaticotemporal suture Insertion – at the angle of the mouth Vascular supply – superior labial branch of facial artery Facial muscles

42. Zygomatic major Innervation – zygomatic and buccal branches of facial nerve Action – draws the angle of the mouth upwards and laterally as in laughing Facial muscles

43. Zygomatic minor Origin – lateral surface of zygomatic bone behind the zygomaticomaxillary suture Insertion – muscular substances of upper lip Vascular supply. – superior labial branch of facial artery Facial muscles

44. Innervation – zygomatic and buccal branches of facial nerve Action – elevates the upper lip, exposing the max teeth , deepening and elevating nasolabial furrow, curl the upper lip in smiling, contempt. Zygomatic minor Facial muscles

45. Levator anguli oris Origin – canine fossa of maxilla Insertion – into and below the angle of mouth Vascular Supply – superior labial branch of facial and infraorbital branch of maxillary arteries Facial muscles

46. Levator anguli oris Innervation – zygomatic and buccal branches of facial nerve Action – raises the angle of the mouth In smiling, depth and contour of nasolabial furrow Facial muscles

47. Mentalis Origin – incisive fossa of mandible Insertion – skin of the chin Vascular supply - inferior labial branch of facial and mental branch of maxillary arteries Facial muscles

48. Innervation – mandibular branch of facial nerve Action – raises the lower lip , wrinkling the skin of the chin, helps in drinking Expression – doubt MentalisFacial muscles

49. Depressor labii inferioris Origin – oblique line of the mandible between the symphysis menti and mental foramen Insertion – into the skin and mucosa of lower lip Vascular supply – inferior labial branch of facial , mental branch of maxillary artery Facial muscles

50. Innervation – mandibular branch of facial nerve Action – draws the lower lip downwards and little laterally and assist in eversion of lower lip Expression – irony , sorrow , doubt. Facial muscles Depressor labii inferioris

51. Depressor angular oris Origin – mental tubercle of mandible and its continuation, the oblique line –dep. labii inf. Insertion – at the angle of the mouth Vascular supply – inferior labial branch of facial , mental branch of maxillary artery Facial muscles

52. Depressor angular oris Innervation – buccal and mandibular branches of facial nerve Action – draws the angle of mouth downwards and laterally in opening mouth ,expressing sadness Facial muscles

53. Buccinator (whistling muscle) Origin - upper fibers from outer surface of alveolar process of upper molar teeth , - lower fibers from corresponding area of mandible , - middle fibers from pterygomandibular raphe Facial muscles

54. Buccinator Insertion – upper fibers into upper lip , - lower fibers into lower lip , - upper of middle fibers cross the angle of mouth to run into lower lip and lower of these fibers; similarly run into upper lip Facial muscles

55. Relations posteriorly - superior constrictor of pharynx , covered by buccopharyngeal fascia , pierced by parotid duct superficially- ramus of mand. , masseter, temporalis anteriorly – Z major, risorius, levator and depressor anguli oris and parotid duct Facial muscles Buccinator

56. Vascular supply – facial and buccal branch of maxillary arteries Innervation – buccal branch of facial nerve Action – compresses the cheek against the teeth and gums during mastication, and assist the tongue in directing food b/w the teeth

57. Orbicularis oris • Comprising of extrinsic and intrinsic parts. Extrinsic part – consists of fibers of other muscles which converge on the lips Intrinsic part – with in the lip consists 3 types of fibers – radiating , circular , antero - posterior Facial muscles

58. Vascular supply – superior , inferior labial branches of facial artery and mental , infraorbital branches of maxillary and transverse facial branch of superficial temporal artery Innervation – buccal and mandibular branches of facial nerve Action – varying kind of movements of lips like pouting , pursing , twisting Facial muscles Orbicularis oris

59. Incisivus labii superioris Origin – floor of incisive fossa of the maxilla Insertion - modiolus Incisivus labii inferioris Origin - floor of incisive fossa of the mandible Insertion - modiolus Facial muscles

60. Risorius (grinning muscle) Origin – fascia covering the parotid Insertion – skin, mucous membrane of angle of mouth and orbicularis oris Vascular supply – superior labial branch of facial artery Facial muscles

61. Innervation – buccal branch of facial nerve Action – pulls the corner of the mouth laterally - grinning and laughing Facial muscles Risorius (grinning muscle)

62. Modiolus Modiolus

63. Muscles of mastication

64. Origin- whole of temporal fossa Insertion - coronoid process & anterior border of ramus Muscles of mastication Temporalis RELATIONS Superficial- skin, temporal fascia, Auriculotemporal nerve, temporal branch Of facial nerve, zygomatic arch, masseter Posterior- temporal fossa above and infratemporal fossa below

65. • Vascular supply – deep temporal branches of maxillary artery • Innervation – deep temporal branch of mandibular nerve

66. Action:- • Elevates the mandible • Retracts the mandible

67. Origin – upper head- infratemporal (surface & crest) greater wing of sphenoid Lower head - lateral surface of lateral pterygoid plate Insertion - neck of mandible, articular disc & capsule Muscles of mastication Lateral pterygoid

68. • Relations Superficial – mandibular ramus, masseter, maxillary artery, superficial head of medial pterygoid Deep – deep head of medial pterygoid, sphenomandibular ligament, middle meningeal artery and mand.nerve.

69. Action- Muscles of mastication Vascular supply – pterygoid branches of maxillary artery and ascending palatine branch of facial artery Innervation – mandibular nerve •Depresses chin •Protrudes mandible •Moves mandible from side to side

70. Origin – deep head medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate superficial head tuberosity of maxilla & palatine bone Insertion – medial surface of ramus inferior to mandibular foramen Muscles of mastication Medial pterygoid

71. • Relations • Lateral – mandibular ramus, sphenomandibular ligament, maxillary artery, inferior alveolar vessels and nerves, lingual nerve, a process of parotid gland. • Medial – tensor veli palatine

72. Action: Muscles of mastication - Elevates the mandible - Acts with the LP to protrude the mandible. - MP and LP of same side act together, to rotate the corresponding side of mandible forwards and to the opp side MP LP

73. • Vascular supply – pterygoid branch of maxillary artery • Innervation – medial pterygoid branch of mandibular nerve

74. Masseter Origin – superficial- max process- zygomatic bone and ant 2/3 of inferior border of zygomatic arch middle - medial aspect ant 2/3 of zygomatic arch and lower border of post third of this arch deep- deep surface of zygomatic arch Insertion – Sup- lateral surface of ramus Mid- ramus Deep- upper part of ramus and coronoid process Muscles of mastication

75. • Relations • Superficial- skin , platysma, risorius,z major, parotid gland and duct, facial nerve • Deep – temporalis and ramus of mand. • Vascular supply – massetric branch of maxillary artery, facial artery and transverse facial branch of superficial temporal artery • Innervation massetric nerve

76. Muscles of mastication •Elevates the mandible •Also has effect on side to side movements. Action :

77. Movements of mandible at TMJ Depression (open mouth) • Gravity (prime mover) • Supra and infrahyoid muscles Elevation (close mouth) • Temporalis , masseter , medial pterygoid Protrusion • Lateral pterygoid (prime mover) • Masseter ,medial pterygoid Retrusion • Temporalis , masseter Lateral movement (side to side movement) • Retractors of same side • Protruders of opposite side

78. LATERAL PTERYGOID MYLOHYOID AND DIGASTRIC

79. TEMPORALIS MASSETER MEDIAL PTERYGOID MYLOHYOID

80. Accessory muscles of mastication

81. Digastric Origin – anterior belly from digastric fossa of mandible , posterior belly from mastoid notch of temporal bone. Insertion – intermediate tendon Innervation – anterior belly by mylohyoid nerve , posterior belly by facial nerve. Action – depresses the Accessory Muscles of mastication

82. Mylohyoid Origin – mylohyoid line of mandible Insertion – hyoid bone , median raphe. Innervation - mylohyoid nerve Action – elevates the floor of the mouth , depression of mandible Accessory Muscles of mastication

83. Geniohyoid Origin – inferior mental spine (genial tubercle) of the mandible Insertion – anterior surface of the body of hyoid bone. Innervation – first cervical nerve Action – elevates the hyoid bone , depress the mandible when hyoid is fixed Accessory Muscles of mastication

84. Palpation of masticatory muscles

85. Temporalis

86. Lateral pterygoid

87. Medial pterygoid

88. Masseter

89. Digastric

90. Applied anatomy

91. Applied anatomy • Facial paralysis • Infranuclear lesions (bells palsy) • Supranuclear lesions

92. Rigor mortis • Several hours after the death the muscles are stiffened.

93. Myasthenia gravis • It is a disease characterized by profound muscular weakness. • Autoimmune disease in which antibodies to Ach receptors are seen in circulation. • The patient is best in the morning and worsens as the day progresses. .

94. Drooping of eyelids Drooping eyelids is an early and prominent sign. Responds dramatically to AChE inhibitors such as neostigmine

95. Myofacial pain dysfunction syndrome • Responsible principal factor – masticatory muscle spasm • Signs and symptons – pain ,muscle tenderness , clicking noise in TMJ and limitation of jaw opening • Negative characteristics – absence of evidence of organic changes in joint, lack of tenderness in joint

96. Conclusion

97. References • Gray’s anatomy 38th edition • Sicher’s Oral Anatomy – E. Lloyd Dubrul • Cunningham’s manual of practical anatomy, volume 3, 3rd edition • Last’s anatomy • TMJ – Morgan • B.D.Chaurasia’s Human Anatomy, volume 3, 4th edition

Muscles of mastication and face

Dr Medical

Muscles of mastication and face