1. ORAL
MICROBIOME
EXPLORATION
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2. Imbalance of the oral microbiome can
lead to development of oral diseases
such as periodontal disease.
DISEASE
STEP 1
When vascular oral mucosal barriers are
disturbed, oral bacteria can enter the
bloodstream.
DISRUPTION
STEP 2
PENETRATION
STEP 3
Oral bacteria in the brain can trigger
inflammatory responses, resulting in
buildup of amyloid plaques.
BUILD-UP
STEP 4
Oral pathogens in the bloodstream can
penetrate the blood-brain barrier during
inflammation or in times of stress.
CAN ORAL DISEASES CAUSE ALZHEIMER’S?
Recent research has suggested that oral pathogen P.gingivalis, a key contributor
to gum disease, may play a role in Alzheimer’s Disease development.
Adapted from Science Advances

3. If oral pathogens in the bloodstream are able to cause
inflammation and plaque build-up in the brain, then it is possible
for misplaced oral bacteria to trigger inflammation in areas of the
body that are further removed from the mouth, inducing
inflammatory diseases such as chronic or autoimmune diseases.
OUR HYPOTHESIS
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4. ORAL CAVITY ANATOMY

5. There are 700 different
species of bacteria that
live in different
microbial sub-habitats:
teeth, tongue, gums,
saliva, ear nose and
throat.
INTRODUCING THE ORAL MICROBIOME
Adapted from Operative Dentistry

6. TYPES OF BACTERIA
PATHOGENIC
Disease-causing
bacteria
Most bacteria that simply
live within and on us
Health-promoting
bacteria
COMMENSALSYMBIOTIC
Adapted from Journal of Clinical Microbiology

7. The oral microbiome is influenced by
numerous factors that alter the
composition of the microbes that
inhabit the mouth.
Adapted from Journal of Dental Research

8. BALANCE IMBALANCE
A BALANCING ACT
A balanced oral microbiome is characterized by a healthy
diet, plaque control, and good oral hygiene.
Imbalance of the oral microbiome is influenced by a poor
diet, inadequate plaque control, lifestyle risk factors, and bad
oral hygiene.
Adapted from Journal of Dental Research

9. A BALANCING ACT
The transition in biofilm from:
BALANCE
IMBALANCE
Adapted from Journal of Fungi

10. Can lead to oral diseases
in varying biogeographies
of the mouth.
IMBALANCE
Adapted from Protein and Cell

11. Dental caries occur when
acid from bacteria
demineralize the enamel
Adapted from Frontiers in Microbiology

12. THE ECOLOGICAL PLAQUE HYPOTHESIS - CARIES
ENVIRONMENTAL
CHANGE
STRESS
Increased acid
production
Increased low
pH challenges
Favoring mutans
streps, lactobacilli,
and others
Increased risk of
dental caries
ECOLOGICAL
SHIFT
DISEASE

13. Periodontal disease
occurs when
bacteria infiltrate
the gum crevices
Adapted from Frontiers in Microbiology

14. THE ECOLOGICAL PLAQUE HYPOTHESIS - PERIODONTAL DISEASE
HOST
RESPONSE
STRESS
Increased acid
production
Increased
inflammation
High gingival
crevicular flow
and bleeding
Gram-negative
bacteria; anaerobic;
proteolytic
ENVIRONMENTAL
CHANGE
Increased risk of
gingivitis/
periodontal disease
DISEASEECOLOGICAL
SHIFT

15. A BALANCING ACT
An estimated 47.2% of American adults have mild to severe gum disease

16. The mouth is the
first meeting place
between the outside
environment and our
immune systems.
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17. Oral vascularization
allows bad bacteria
to travel to other
parts of the body.
Adapted from Protein and Cell

18. Exercise activates
immune system and
reduces inflammatory
cytokines
Proper diet and choice of
foods can help maintain the
balance of the oral
microbiome
FOOD
Night eating leads to
increased dental
plaque and gingival
inflammation
Research shows that timing
of eating and exercise may
help to reduce oral
inflammation
LIFESTYLE
Water
normalizes the
pH of your
mouth
High pH foods
(>7) help to
offset acidic
foods
WHAT CAN WE DO?
Drink more water &
eat alkaline foods
Eat during the day &
increase exercise
Adapted from Operative Dentistry

19. ORAL BACTERIOPHAGES

20. BACTERIOPHAGE INVOLVEMENT IN BIOFILMS
Adapted from Virus Research

21. USING PHAGE THERAPY TO MANAGE BIOFILMS
Adapted from Journal of Oral Microbiology

22. INTERSPECIES INTERACTIONS OF PERIODONTO-PATHOGENS
Adapted from Journal of Biotechnology

23. POTENTIAL TARGETS FOR PHAGE THERAPEUTICS
Adapted from Journal of Biotechnology

24. WHAT’S NEW IN
ORAL CARE?
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25. SPECTRUM OF PRODUCTS
consumer-based science-based

26. Oral care is now easier and
cooler than ever with
subscription-based toothbrush
plans and a NASA space
compound toothpaste formula
ORAL CARE TOOLS

27. Sometimes just brushing and
flossing isn’t enough to prevent
oral disease. New nano-particle
technology mouthwashes and
rinses ofer innovative solutions.
RINSES &
MOUTHWASHES

28. The newest products in oral
care: probiotics and prebiotics
to help balance the oral
microbiome and support the
growth of ‘good’ bacteria.
SUPPLEMENTS

31. As Your Autoimmunity Connection, we consult with startup companies and entrepreneurs who are
bringing new products and services that will improve research, diagnosis, and treatment for
autoimmunity.
With new research connecting the oral microbiome to various chronic and inflammatory diseases,
DrBonnie360 seeks to spread the message that better oral health = better overall health.
@DrBonnie360

32. 310-666-5312
drbonnie360@gmail.com
https://www.linkedin.com/in/bonniefeldman/
@DrBonnie360
https://www.facebook.com/YourAutoimmunityConnection/
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