5. HISTORY
• In the beginning, the sponges are
treated as plants due to their
immobility.
• Later observations like preparing its
own food, absence of chlorophyll,
reproductive system, long life, etc.
were confirmed that they belong to the
animal kingdom.
8. HABITAT
Aquatic, mostly marine, few are terrestrial
Habitat: Natural environment of an organism
Aquatic: relating to water
Marine: found in the sea
Terrestrial: relating to the earth
Note
9. HABIT
Solitary / colonial.
found in shallow waters
attached to the rocks.
Habit: Behavior
Note
12. GERM LAYER
Diploblastic animals
The adult body wall contains two layers, outer dermal layer & inner gastral
layer.
In between these two layers, there is a gelatinous & non-cellular mesoglea
containing numerous free amoeboid cells.
Germ layer
endoderm
(inner layer)
ectoderm
(outer layer)
mesoderm
(middle layer)
13. COELOM
Absent
acoelomate
Spongocoel: present
Coelom
principal body cavity,
located between the intestinal canal & the body wall.
Note
14. ENDOSKELETON
Either calcareous spicules (calcium carbonate) / siliceous
spicules (silica) / sponging fibers (protein).
Endoskeleton: skeleton found within the interior of the body
Note
16. DIGESTION
Intracellular:
process of digestion
takes place within the cell
Digestion: breakdown of large insoluble food molecules into small
water-soluble food molecules
Note
Digestion
Intracellular
digestion
Intercellular
digestion
18. REPRODUCTION
1. Reproduction occurs by both sexual & asexual methods.
2. Asexual reproduction occurs by buds & gemmules.
3. Sexual reproduction occurs via ova & sperms.
22. A report in 1997 described
use of sponges as a tool
by
bottlenose dolphins in shark
bay.
Use
Shark Bay: World Heritage Site of Western Australia.
Note