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PORIFERA
AGENDA
Introduction
General Characteristics
Key Characteristics
Example
Summary
2
INTRODUCTION
Porifera:
Multicellular organism with a cellular grade
of an organization without well-definite
tissues & organs.
3
PORIFERA
“pori” = pores,
“fera” = bearers
Note
Porifera: Latin word that means bearing pores.
HISTORY
• In the beginning, the sponges are
treated as plants due to their
immobility.
• Later observations like preparing its
own food, absence of chlorophyll,
reproductive system, long life, etc.
were confirmed that they belong to the
animal kingdom.
SCIENTIFIC CLASSIFICATION
• Kingdom: Animalia
• Phylum: Porifera
KEY CHARACTERISTICS OF PHYLUM PORIFERA
• 1st multicellular
HABITAT
Aquatic, mostly marine, few are terrestrial
Habitat: Natural environment of an organism
Aquatic: relating to water
Marine: found in the sea
Terrestrial: relating to the earth
Note
HABIT
 Solitary / colonial.
 found in shallow waters
 attached to the rocks.
Habit: Behavior
Note
BODY SHAPE
 Variable
 mostly cylinder shaped
SYMMETRY
Asymmetrical / radially symmetrical.
Symmetry: Repetition of the parts in an animal
Note
GERM LAYER
Diploblastic animals
The adult body wall contains two layers, outer dermal layer & inner gastral
layer.
In between these two layers, there is a gelatinous & non-cellular mesoglea
containing numerous free amoeboid cells.
Germ layer
endoderm
(inner layer)
ectoderm
(outer layer)
mesoderm
(middle layer)
COELOM
 Absent
 acoelomate
 Spongocoel: present
Coelom
 principal body cavity,
 located between the intestinal canal & the body wall.
Note
ENDOSKELETON
Either calcareous spicules (calcium carbonate) / siliceous
spicules (silica) / sponging fibers (protein).
Endoskeleton: skeleton found within the interior of the body
Note
NUTRITION
Holozoic (animal like)
Nutrition
 biochemical & physiological process
 organism uses food to support its life
Note
DIGESTION
Intracellular:
 process of digestion
 takes place within the cell
Digestion: breakdown of large insoluble food molecules into small
water-soluble food molecules
Note
Digestion
Intracellular
digestion
Intercellular
digestion
ABSENT
1. Nervous system
2. Circulatory system
3. Mouth
4. Excretory organs
5. Respiratory organs
REPRODUCTION
1. Reproduction occurs by both sexual & asexual methods.
2. Asexual reproduction occurs by buds & gemmules.
3. Sexual reproduction occurs via ova & sperms.
FERTILIZATION
Internal
Fertilization: Union of two haploid gametes
Note
Fertilization
Internal external
CLEAVAGE
Holoblastic
Cleavage: division of cells in the early embryo, following fertilization
Note
EXAMPLES
Clathrina, Grantia, Euplectella, Hyalonema, Oscarella, Thenea,
Halichondria, Cladorhiza, Spongilla, Euspondia, etc.
Sycon Plakina Cliona
A report in 1997 described
use of sponges as a tool
by
bottlenose dolphins in shark
bay.
Use
Shark Bay: World Heritage Site of Western Australia.
Note
SUMMARY
Mostly Marine
THANK YOU
24
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General characteristics of Porifera | Dr.BGR Publications