1. Advantages and
disadvantages
endrina & basio
Advantages and
disadvantages

2. Advantages of grounded
theory
Advantages of grounded
theory

3. Advantages
• It has intuitive appeal for researchers since it allows them
to become immersed in the data.
• Researchers have to analyze the data early
Advantages

4. Advantages
• It encourages systematic and detailed analysis of data.
• Researchers need ample evidence to back up their claims
Advantages

5. Advantages
• Constant interplay between data collection and analysis
• Useful for describing repeated processes
Advantages

6. Disadvantages of
Grounded Theory
Disadvantages of
Grounded Theory

7. Disadvantages
• Felt by some to be wishy-washy
• Difficult to gain funding as each project has no specific
beginning or end.
Disadvantages

8. Disadvantages
• A relatively young and developing method
• It is not developed to test hypotheses
Disadvantages

9. Disadvantages
• Inadequate for comparing two theses.
Disadvantages

10. Disadvantages
• Can be inadequate for projects with specific aims such as
evaluations
Disadvantages

11. The research
process
geroy
The research
process

12. The Research Process Content
• Introduction to Grounded Theory Research
Process
• The Research Question
• The Research Question Example
• The Research Question Guidelines
• The Research Question Conclusion
• Data Collection
The Research Process Content

13. Introduction to Grounded
Theory Research Process
Grounded Theory merges the process of data
collection and analysis. The researcher moves back and
reason out analysis of data and aims for theoretical
A qualitative data analysis where the researcher
sampling and analyzing data until no new data appear and
in theory are well-developed
( Michael S. Lewis-Beck, Alan Bryman & Tim Futing Liao,
n.d.)
Introduction to Grounded
Theory Research Process

14. The research question
• Grounded theory researchers need an initial research
question to focus their attention upon the particular
phenomenon they wish to investigate (see Strauss and
Corbin 1990: 37–40).
• The initial research question should serve to identify, but
not make assumptions about, the phenomenon of interest
which is really difficult and according to some –impossible.
The research question

15. The research question
• The process of labelling itself imports assumptions about
a phenomenon.
• We cannot ask questions without making assumptions.
However, we can attempt to remain at a descriptive level
and use our question simply to identify the phenomenon.
The research question

16. The research question example
• For example, the subject is about how pregnancy is with
chronic illness?
Question that assumes would be: (wrong)
How do women manage a pregnancy complicated by
Question that identifies would be: (right)
How do women with chronic illness experience pregnancy?
• All we have to remember is the question should identify.
The research question
example

17. The research questions
guidelines
• Initial research question should be open-ended and
shouldn’t be compatible with simple ‘yes/no’ answers.
• It should identify the phenomenon of interest without
making (too many) assumptions about it.
• It should never employ constructs derived from existing
theories.
• It is recommended that the question orientates the
researcher towards action and process.
The research questions
guidelines

18. The research question examples
and conclusion
Below are examples how a typical ground theory question
should ask:
‘How do people do (action)?’
rather than questions that states conditions like:
‘What do people want?’
‘Why do people do (action)?’
The researcher will be able to focus the research question
more narrowly with theoretical sampling and theoretical
sensitivity.
The research question examples
and conclusion

19. Data collection
• Grounded theory has a wide range of data collection
techniques.
• Semi-structured interviewing, participant observation,
focus groups, existing texts and documents and even
diaries can generate data.
• It is important to differentiate between the full
implementation of the method which is technical
saturation that involves the coding of data only if in
abbreviated implementation.
Data collection

20. Data collection between
versions of grounded theory
• Full Version
In the full version, the researcher collects some data,
explores it through initial open coding, establishes tentative
linkages between categories, then returns to field for more.
In this version, the researcher is able to draw on different
data sources and use different methods of data collection
like theoretical sampling.
Data collection between
versions of grounded theory

21. Data collection between
versions of grounded theory
• Full Version Example
In a study of eating habits, a group discussion among
office workers may lead to the identification of the category
‘context’ with the subcategories ‘work’ and ‘leisure’. This may lead
the researcher to carry out a semi-structured interview with a
professional cook to further explore the relevance of context to
the experience of eating.
Data collection between
versions of grounded theory

22. Data collection between
versions of grounded theory
• Benefit of the Full Version:
The full version of grounded theory allows the
researcher to push outwards, to seek out manifestations
of categories, negative cases and opposites, until
category development is dense, detailed and
differentiated. This gives the researcher confidence that
theoretical saturation is being approached.
Data collection between
versions of grounded theory

23. Data collection between
versions of grounded theory
• Abbreviated Version ( Shortened Version )
- The abbreviated version of grounded theory, by contrast, works
with the original data only.
- The researcher does not have the opportunity to leave the
confines of the original data set to broaden and refine the
analysis.
- Must be only used if time or resources prevent the
Data collection between
versions of grounded theory

24. Data analysis
• Coding – The search for the theory starts with the very first line of the very first
interview that one codes. It is coded line by line. Useful concepts are identified.
Sampling steps are being repeated. This process is breaking data into conceptual
components.
• Memoing - The process by which the running notes of each of the concepts that
are being identified are kept. Memos are field notes about the concepts in which
one lays out their observations and insights. This could be done from the beginning
to end.
Data analysis

25. Data analysis
• Integrating, refining and writing up theories – Once the data are
gathered, next step is to link them together in theoretical models around a
central category that hold everything together. The constant comparative
method comes into play, along with negative case analysis which looks for
cases that do not confirm the model.
Theorizing is involved in all these steps. One is required to build and test
theory all the way through till the end of a project.
Sources:
• (2010). Analyzing Qualitative Data: Systematic Approaches
• https://www.mheducation.co.uk/openup/chapters/9780335244492.pdf
• http://sk.sagepub.com/reference/socialscience/n1011.xml
Data analysis

26. Research Recently
Conducted About
Grounded Theory
shiela aretaño
Research Recently
Conducted About
Grounded Theory

27. Constructing
Grounded Theory
k. charmaz, 2016
Constructing
Grounded Theory

28. What is
Grounded Theory
h. noble & g. mitchell, 2016
What is
Grounded Theory

29. An Introduction
to Classical
Grounded Theory
h. s. median, 2016
An Introduction
to Classical
Grounded Theory

30. Grounded Theory
k. charmaz, 2018
Grounded Theory

31. Challenges When Using
Grounded Theory: A Pragmatic
Introduction to Doing
Grounded Theory Research
v. temonen et al., 2018
Challenges When Using
Grounded Theory: A Pragmatic
Introduction to Doing
Grounded Theory Research

32. The Grounded Theory
Perspective: Its
Origin
and Growth
b. g. glaser, 2016
The Grounded Theory
Perspective: Its
Origin
and Growth

33. Rediscovering
Grounded Theory:
A Proposal
gibson et al., 2013
Rediscovering
Grounded Theory:
A Proposal

34. An Overview of
Grounded Theory Design
in educational
Research
c. h. chong & k. j. yoo, 2014
An Overview of
Grounded Theory Design
in educational
Research

35. Classic Grounded
Theory: Application
With Qualitative and
Quantitave Data
j. a. holton & i. walsh,2016
Classic Grounded
Theory: Application
With Qualitative and
Quantitave Data

36. Discovery of Grounded
Theory: Strategies for
Qualitative Research
b. g. glaser & a. c. straless, 2017
Discovery of Grounded
Theory: Strategies for
Qualitative Research

37. Definitions of
GROUNDED THEORY
adlawan & pabillo
Definitions of
GROUNDED THEORY

38. WHAT IS GROUNDED THEORY?
Grounded theory is a systematic methodology in the social
science involving the construction of theories through methodical
methodical gathering and analysis of data.
WHAT IS GROUNDED THEORY?

39. definitions
• Grounded theory is a research methodology which
operates inductively, in contrast to the hypothetico-
deductive approach.
• It is used to uncover such things as social relationships and
behaviours of groups, known as social processes.
definitions

40. • It was developed in California, USA by Glaser and Strauss
during their study—‘Awareness of Dying’.
• Grounded theory is often perceived as a method which
separates theory and data but others insist that the
method actually combines the two.
definitions
definitions

41. • Grounded Theories are the most common , widely used
and popular analytic technic in qualitative analysis
• It is mainly used for qualitative research but also applicable
to other data.
definitions
definitions

42. GROUNDED THEORY
• a research method that will enable you to develop
a theory which offers and explanation about the main
concern of the population of your substantive area andhow
that concern is resolved or processed.
GROUNDED THEORY

43. • Grounded theory is a research tool which enables you to seek out
and conceptualise the latent social patterns and structures of your
of your area of interest through the process of constant
comparison.
definitions
definitions

44. • The term grounded theory denotes dual referents
a method consisting of flexible methodological strategies
and the products of this type of inquiry. Increasingly,
researchers use the term to mean the methods of inquiry
for collecting and, in particular, analyzing data
definitions
definitions

45. • Grounded theory commonly uses the following data
collection methods:
• Interviewing participants with open-ended questions.
• Participant Observation (fieldwork) and/or focus groups.
• Study of Artifacts and Texts
definitions
definitions

46. It is a set of rigorous research procedures leading to
the emergence of conceptual categories.
“Grounded Theory is the study of concept! It is not
descriptive Study of a descriptive problem” – (Glaser 2010)
definitions
definitions

47. definitions
Grounded theory refers to a set of systematic inductive
methods for conducting qualitative research aimed
toward theory development. The term grounded theory denotes
definitions

48. Definitions
• the systematic discovery of theory from the data of
social research
definitions

49. definitions
Grounded theory is an inductive methodology that
provides systematic guidelines for gathering, synthesizing,
analyzing, and conceptualizing qualitative data for the
purpose of theory construction.
definitions

50. definitions
Grounded Theory is most accurately described as a
research method in which the theory is developed from the
data, rather than the other way around. That makes this is
an inductive approach, meaning that it moves from the
specific to the more general.
definitions

51. definitions
The grounded theory approach is a qualitative research
method that uses a systematic set of procedures to develop
an inductively derived grounded theory about a
phenomenon
definitions

52. Definitions
Grounded theory is a social science research method that
allows for a theory to emerge out of scientifically collected data.
data.
definitions

53. definitions
Grounded Theory is an approach for developing
theory that is "grounded in data systematically gathered
and analysed”.
definitions

54. definitions
Grounded theory aims to discover problems in a given
business environment and how parties involved handle
these problems.
definitions

55. definitions
Grounded theory aims to formulate, test and
reformulate prepositions until a theory is developed. This
approach refers to theory that is “grounded in or developed
inductively from a set of data.”
definitions

56. definitions
The phrase “grounded theory” refers to theory that is
developed inductively from a corpus of data.
definitions

57. Research articles
Tulawie， 2017
Research articles

58. Research articles
Grounded theory refers to a set of systematic inductive
methods for conducting qualitative research aimed toward
theory development. The term grounded theory denotes
dual referents:
(a) a method consisting of flexible methodological strategies
and
(b) the products of this type of inquiry. Increasingly,
researchers use the term to mean the methods of inquiry for
collecting and, in particular, analyzing data.
Research articles

59. Research articles
The methodological strategies of grounded theory are
aimed to construct middle-level theories directly from data
analysis. The inductive theoretical thrust of these methods is
central to their logic. The resulting analyses build their
power on strong empirical foundations. These analyses
provide focused, abstract, conceptual theories that explain
the studied empirical phenomena.
Research articles

60. Research articles
Grounded theory has considerable significance
because it:
(a) provides explicit, sequential guidelines for conducting
qualitative research;
(b) offers specific strategies for handling the analytic phases
of inquiry;
(c) streamlines and integrates data collection and analysis;
(d)advances conceptual analysis of qualitative data; and
(e) legitimizes qualitative research as scientific inquiry.
Research articles

61. Research articles
Grounded theory methods have earned their place as a
standard social research method and have influenced
researchers from varied disciplines and professions.
Yet grounded theory continues to be a misunderstood
method, although many researchers purport to use it.
Qualitative researchers often claim to conduct grounded
theory studies without fully understanding or adopting its
distinctive guidelines.
Research articles

62. Research articles
They may employ one or two of the strategies or
mistake qualitative analysis for grounded theory. Conversely,
other researchers employ grounded theory methods in
reductionist, mechanistic ways. Neither approach embodies
the flexible yet systematic mode of inquiry, directed but
open-ended analysis, and imaginative theorizing from
empirical data that grounded theory methods can foster.
Research articles

63. Research articles
Grounded theory is a research tool which enables you
to seek out and conceptualise the latent social patterns and
structures of your area of interest through the process of
constant comparison. Initially you will use an inductive
approach to generate substantive codes from your data,
later your developing theory will suggest to you where to go
next to collect data and which, more-focussed, questions to
ask. This is the deductive phase of the grounded theory
process.
Research articles

64. Research articles
A Grounded theory is the study of a concept (the core
category).
The problem is that from this perspective, you are not
going to know what you are studying until you have
completed a significant amount of analysis: the core
category is the concept to which all other concepts relate;
and its discovery signals the end of the open coding stage.
Research articles

65. Research articles
Grounded theory is a general methodology, a way of
thinking about and conceptualizing data. It focuses on the
studies of diverse populations from areas like remarriage
after divorce (Cauhape, 1983) and Professional Socialization
(Broadhed, 1983). The Grounded Theory method was
developed by two sociologists, Barney Glaser and Anselm
Strauss.
Research articles

66. Research articles
Their collaboration in research on dying hospital
patients led them to write Awareness of Dying in 1965. In
this research they developed the constant comparative
method, later known as Grounded Theory Method.
Awareness of Dying is a 1965 book (ISBN 0-202-
30763-8) by Barney Glaser and Anselm Strauss.
Research articles

67. Research article authors
Barney G. Glaser (born 27 February
1930) is an American sociologist and one
one of the founders of the grounded
theory methodology.
Anselm Leonard Strauss (December 18,
1916 – September 5, 1996) was
an American sociologist professor at
the University of California, San
Francisco (UCSF) .
Research article authors