This file is all about understanding about Iron and Steel Industry in India. This file can directly be used for seminar presentations about India and the steel industry in India.

1. IRON AND STEEL INDUSTRY IN INDIA

2. A Brief Introduction
 Global Scenario
• In CY 2019,the world crude steel production reached 1869.9 million tons
(mt) and showed a growth of 3.4% over CY2018.
• China remained world’s largest crude steel producer in same period (996.3
mt) followed by India (111.2) and Japan (99.3 mt).
• World Association has projected Indian Steel to grow by 7% in 2020 while
globally grow by 1.7% in 2020.
 Indian Scenario
• Most popular in the world.
• In January 2019,India became the 2nd position steel producer in the world
as per the report production was 106 million tons in 2018 which was 4.9 %
increases from in 2017.
• Policy made for Iron and Steel Industry in India also has significant impact
on growth and development in both private as well as government sector.

3. A Brief History
 Pre- Independence
• 1907: TISCO was set up by Jamshedji R. Tata in Singhbhum, Jharkhand.
• 1913: Production of Steel begun in India.
• 1918: IISCO was set up by Martin Burn & Co. in Burnpur, Burdwan, W.B.
• 1923: Mysore Steel Plant was set up in Bhadravati, Karnataka (after 1962 it
came to be known as, Visvesvaraya Iron & Steel Ltd.) .
• 1939: Steel Corporation of Bengal was set up.
 Post – Independence
• 1948: New Industrial Policy to undertake all steel plants of India directly by
the Central Government.
• 1954: Bhilai Steel Plant was set up in Durg, Chhattisgarh.
• 1959: Rourkela Steel Plant was set up in Sundergarh,Odhisa and Durgapur
Steel Plant was set up in Burdwan, W.B.
• 1964: Bokaro Steel Ltd. was created in Hazaribagh, Jharkhand.
• 1973: Steel Authority of India Limited (SAIL) was set up by GoI.

4. Production of Steel
• Steel industry was delicensed and decontrolled in 1991 and
1992 respectively.
• In 2019-20, production for sale of total finished steel (alloy
+ non alloy) was 102 mt and 65.197 million tons (mt).
• Production for sale of Pig Iron in 2019-20 was 5.507 mt own
by 14.14% over last year.
• India is the largest producer of Sponge Iron in the world
with the coal based route accounting for 86% of total
sponge iron production in the country.
Source – Ministry of Steel, Govt. of India, 2020

5. Government Policies
• Allowing Private Ownership and Foreign Investment
• Iron & Steel is freely importable and exportable, as per
extant laws of the Government
• Deregulation of Pricing & Distribution of Iron and Steel
• Improving and Amending Intellectual Property Laws
• Change in Customs and Excise Policies
• Special Investment Regions/Special Economic Zones (SEZs)

6. National Steel Policy, 2017
• Central Goal – This policy was released in 2017 aim to attend a
steel production in India of 300 mt by 2030-31.
• It has a long term vision to enhance domestic consumption.
• Produce high quality steel and make the sector globally
competitive.
• Increase per capita consumption of steel to 160 kg by 2030-31
• Policy focuses on – steel industry growing faster to meet out
the high rate of domestic consumption, enabling export
opportunities to be realized.
• Increase domestic availability of washed coking so as to reduce
import dependence on coking coal to 50% by 2030-31.

7. Steel: Production for Sale
Indian Steel Industry : Production for Sale (in million tons)
Category 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 April –
March
2019-20*
Pig Iron 10.23 10.24 10.34 5.73 6.41 5.51
Sponge Iron 24.24 22.43 28.76 30.51 34.71 37.14
Total
Finished
Steel (Alloy
+ Non Alloy)
104.58 106.6 120.14 126.85 101.29 102.06
*provisional
Source: Joint Plant Committee; Ministry of Steel, Govt. of India, 2019

8. Indian Steel Industry :
Production for Sale
10.23
24.24
104.58
10.24
22.43
106.6
10.34
28.76
120.14
5.73
30.51
126.85
6.41
34.71
101.29
5.51
37.14
102.06
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Pig Iron Sponge Iron Total Finished Steel (Alloy + Non Alloy)
Production
(in
million
tons)
Types of Steel
2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20

9. Indian Steel: Exports
Indian steel industry : Exports (in million tons)
Category 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 April –
December
2019-20*
Total
Finished
Steel
(Alloy +
Non Alloy)
5.59 4.08 8.24 9.62 6.36 48.36
*provisional
Source: Joint Plant Committee; Ministry of Steel, Govt. of India, 2020

10. Indian Steel: Imports
Indian steel industry : Imports (in million tons)
Category 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 April –
March
2019-20*
Total
Finished
Steel
(Alloy +
Non Alloy)
9.32 11.71 7.23 7.48 7.83 6.77
*provisional
Source: Joint Plant Committee; Ministry of Steel Govt. of India, 2020

11. Mini Steel Plants
• These steel plants use cheap, easily available scrap iron in
electric arc furnaces to make steel which is further rolled and
shaped into necessary products.
• Advantages – Non-polluting, cater to local market needs, less
capital investment & could be set up in any place as they do
not require huge infrastructure.
• Limitations – Totally depended on Electricity, lack of a well
organized market and over dependent on Integrated Steel
Plants.
• Products – Stainless steel, Alloy steel or mild steel
• Examples – National Iron & Steel Company, Belur, W.B.; Jindal
Steel Plant, Raigarh, Chhattisgarh; Mukund Steel, Mumbai and
Essar Steel Plant, Hazira, Gujarat.

12. Integrated Steel Plants
• Various processes of steel making from smelting of iron in blast
furnaces, coke making, casting ingots, rolling and shaping into
blooms, billets and various structural steel are done in one unit
is called Integrated Steel Plant.
• Examples – TISCO (Pvt. Sector), SAIL and RINL(Public Sector).
• Advantages – Employing sector for a large number of
people/low cost labour, ready availability of high quality Iron
Ore, catering to the increasing demand of infrastructural,
engineering, automobile and construction in domestic and
international market.
• Limitations – Huge capital investment, low productivity due to
lack of proper technology, mainly located near to the source of
raw materials and market, low potential utilization, per capita
labour productivity in India is one of the lowest in the world.

13. India: Major Steel Plants
• Private Sectors –
 Tata Iron and Steel Company (TISCO)
 Vijaynagar Steel Plant (JSW Steel; Jindal Steel)
• Public Sectors –
 Steel Authority of India Limited (SAIL) -Bokaro,
Durgapur, Bhilai, Rourkela, Indian Iron and Steel
Company (IISCO), Visvesvaraya and Salem Steel
Plants.
 Rashtriya Isphat Nigam Limited (RINL) –
Vishakhapatnam Steel Plant

14. India: Major Iron & Steel Industries

15. Tata Iron & Steel Company (TISCO)
• Oldest Steel Plant of India and Asia’s 1st Integrated Steel Plant.
• World’s 6th Largest Steel Company and world’s 2nd most
geographically diversified steel producer.
• Raw Materials – Iron Ore: Noamundi , Gurumahisani mines;
Manganese: Joda, Keonjhar; Coal: Jharia & Bokaro; Limestone,
Dolomite & Fireclay: Sundergarh, Odisha.
• Power Supply – Thermal Power from Bokaro.
• Labour Force – Jharkhand, West Bengal, Bihar and Chhattisgarh.
• Market – Hinterland of Kolkata
• Transport – South-Eastern Railways and Kolkata/Haldia Port.
• Products – Carbon and Acid Steel.

16. • Established in 1954, with the
collaboration of Hindustan Steel
Ltd. and Soviet Russia (USSR) .
• It has the Largest
manufacturing centre for Steel.
• Raw Materials – Iron Ore: Dhali
& Rajhara Mines; Dolomite:
Hirri quarry; Manganese:
Balaghat; Limestone: Nandini
quarries; Coal: Bokaro, Jharia &
Korba.
• Power Supply – Korba Thermal
Power Plant
• Labour Force -Chhattisgarh,
Jharkhand & M.P.
• Market – Eastern and Central
India.
• Transport – Mumbai-Nagpur
Railway line.
• Products – Heavy Rails, Steel
plates for Ship building
industries.

17. Durgapur Steel Plant (DSP)
• Set up with the Collaboration of
Hindustan Steel Ltd. and United
Kingdom in 1959.
• Raw Materials – Iron Ore:
Singhbhum & Keonjhar; Limestone:
Sundergarh; Coal: Jharia &
Raniganj; Manganese: Keonjhar.
• Power Supply – Hydel Power from
DVC
• Labour Force – W.B., Jharkhand &
Bihar
• Market – Hinterland of Kolkata
• Transport – Eastern Railway &
Kolkata Port
• Products – Railway wheels &
sleepers

18. The Growth Profile in Private Sector
 Steel
• Industrial policy and many initiatives taken by the government for the
participation and growth of private sector.
• Large number of steel plants also come up with modern technology.
• Crude steel capacity was 142.24 mt in 2018-19 ,up by 3.1 % over 2017-18
which remains same in 2019-20.
 Pig Iron & Sponge Iron
• India is also an important producer of pig iron.
• India has turned out to be a net exporter of pig iron.
• Accounted for 91% of total production of pig iron in the country.
• India most largest producer of sponge iron.
• Capacity in Sponge iron making too has increased over the years and stood
46.56 my in 2018-19.

19. References
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_and_steel_in
dustry_in_India 2.
https://www.ibef.org/industry/steel/infographic
3. https://steel.gov.in/make-india 4.
https://web.archive.org/web/20160107003258/
http://www.steel.gov.in/overview.htm 5.
https://auto.economictimes.indiatimes.com/ne
ws/auto-components/india-replaces-japan-as-
sec ond-top-steel-producer-
worldsteel/67725232

20. JAYESH MUKHERJEE
U.G. (B.Sc.) – 4TH SEMESTER, 2015
CLASS ROLL NUMBER – 109
DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY
PRESIDENCY UNIVERSITY, KOLKATA
Dinesh Kumar (TechyDinesh)
UG – 4th Year, 2021,IIT Bombay
Metallurgical Engineering and Material Science