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&" " ) " & &" – Y(es) 3 – ( ).
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• 2!& " & " & & +# " % 2 " & # ! # # & ( 2 #
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B. 1 0#
1. ) &- Turing ( , (& +
2. ) &- ( +# (& #Y# #N#
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M, 2 " ={0,1,#,$,4, } ( & , " & + . 1 0#! " '" *
. & " " (#+ " ' " ) " ' #x#. " "( # +# ! " " (+
" ) &! " * +# # ! " .
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- " # & & " " & * ' # " # # " * . &" " &" & 0
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6 : * " + : " ( " &" " # & " ! ) &! Turing M,
2 " ={a,b,c,#,$,4, } ( & , " & + . 1 0#! " '" *
. & " " (#+ " ' " ) " ' #x#. " "( # +# ! "
" (+ " ) &! " * +# # ! " .
B. 1 0#
2. * + " (! . .
1. '" " 3 # + "0&
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# * + : * " + : !
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. & " " (#+ " ' " ) " ' #x#. " "( # +# ! " " (+
" ) &! " * +# # ! " .
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- " # & & " " & * ' # " # # " * . &" " &" *% &
0 $ "# & 1 $. 5" & ' * + & $, ) &! " # " , &" &" YES.
# "0 &" .
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2. * + " (! . .
2. & + 3 # + "0&
(! "#$ !

6 : * " + : !
" ( " &" " # & " ! ) &! Turing
M, 2 " ={a,b,c,#,$,4, } ( & , " & + . 1 0#! " '" *
. & " " (#+ " ' " ) " ' #x#. " "( # +# ! "
" (+ " ) &! " * +# # ! " .
B. 1 0#
2. * + " (! . .
2. & + 3 # + "0&
)! "#$ !
# * + : * " + : "
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Turing M, 2 " ={0,1,#,$,4, } ( & , " & + . 1 0#! " '"
* . & " " (#+ " ' " ) " ' #x#. " "( # +# ! "
" (+ " ) &! " * +# # ! " .
!"#: ‘ "( # +# ! " " (#+ " . .: & ( " # " ( # " #'" # ( " * . '" #
% 2 , " "#- &" " $ ' & (" & * . & * & & * " # " , ( &" &" NO.
5" & ' * + & $, " # " , ( &" &" YES. * +# # ! " ) &! & "
' ( :
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2. * + " (! . .
3. &*# '" "
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6 : * " + : "
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. & " " (#+ " ' " ) " ' #x#. " "( # +# ! "
" (+ " ) &! " * +# # ! " .
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2. * + " (! . .
3. &*# '" "
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# * + : * " + : # $ #%&'(&)&(#*+# " ( " &" " # & " !
) &! Turing M, 2 " ={0,1,#,4, } ( & , " & + . 1 0#! " '"
* . & " " (#+ " ' " ) " ' #x#. " "( # +# ! "
" (+ " ) &! " * +# # ! " .
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2. * + " (! . .
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0
0,11
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0
1
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• / , ( " 2 # " & 4 ' " ! " " .
• / , ( " 2 # " & ' " ! " " .

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B. 1 0#
2. * + " (! . .
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6 : * " + : # $ #-&.#*&/&(0.&(#1&# " ( " &" " # & " ! ) &!
Turing M, 2 " ={0,1,#,4, } ( & , " & + . 1 0#! " '" *
. & " " (#+ " ' " ) " ' #x#. " "( # +# ! " " (+ " ) &! "
* +# # ! " .
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# % & # ( Turing :
# %& & # , &" - " 2 " * % 2
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• &" 53 , & * & ( #) & " ( + % ( & * + * )!.
# * + : * " + : " ( " &" " # & " ! ) &!
Turing M, 2 " ={0,1,#,$,4, } ( & , " & + . 1 0#! " '"
* . & " " (#+ " ' " ) " ' #x#. " "( # +# ! "
" (+ " ) &! " * +# # ! " .
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( 2 # '* ( &" " # & " -+ " ( #) , # " '
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B. 1 0#
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6 : * " + : #23$2##-&.#*&/&(0.&(#1&# 3#-&.# ')(4&(#1&# " ( " &" " # & " !
) &! Turing M, 2 " ={0,1,#,4, } ( & , " & + . 1 0#! " '" *
. & " " (#+ " ' " ) " ' #x#. " "( # +# ! " " (+ " ) &!
" * +# # ! " .
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3. " " # & " - ) &- Turing
1. # * + "
*'! "#$ !
# * + : * " + : 5 6 7 5 6 7 # " ( " &" " # & " ! ) &!
Turing M, 2 " ={0,1,#,4, } ( & , " & + . 1 0#! " '" *
. & " " (#+ " ' " ) " ' #x#. " "( # +# ! " " (+
" ) &! " * +# # ! " .
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,
B. 1 0#
4. "'" " "0& 0& 0 &
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"-# Kleene + & +
( !#0 + & +
6# -) ( "'" " ' " # . " + .
5 "'" " * ) %& - 0 ) & & Turing.

B. 1 0#
4. "'" " "0& 0& 0 &
1. "'" " " & 7&0
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1 # ( "'" " "0& 0& 0 & " & 7&0 )
& L1 & L2 & "'" L1 U L2 &
'* .
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L2 & , # ( #) ) & Turing ( " & , - "0 2
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1. #-) " & M1 * w. & 1 &"! , "'" ’ &" " # " , . & 1
&"! 53 # )0# " 2! 2:
2. #-) " & 2 * w. & 2 &"! , "'" ’ &" " # " , . &
2 &"! 53 "'" &" 53 " # " , .
B. 1 0#
4. "'" " "0& 0& 0 &
2. "'" " " & !
! "#$ !
1 # ( "'" " "0& 0& 0 & " & !)
& L1 & L2 & "'" 8 9 &
'* .
L1 & , # ( #) ) & Turing ( " & , - "0 1
L2 & , # ( #) ) & Turing ( " & , - "0 2
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1. #-) " & M1 * w. & 1 &"! 3 , "'" ’ &" 3 " # " , . &
1 &"! # )0# " 2! 2:
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2 &"! "'" ’ &" " # " , .
B. 1 0#
4. "'" " "0& 0& 0 &
3. "'" " " ( !#0
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1 # ( "'" " "0& 0& 0 & " ( !#0 )
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'* .
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• & &"! 3 , "'" ’ &" NAI " # " , .
• & &"! OXI, "'" ’ &" 53 " # " , .
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4. "'" " " & #
%! "#$ !
1 # ( "'" " "0& 0& 0 & " & # )
& L1 & L2 & "'" 8 &
'* .
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L2 & , # ( #) ) & Turing ( " & , - "0 2
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( 2 # w " & # *% ( 2 # & w1 w2 (* *! ' ( " ( *(& " %
* )0# % " w 0 w1w2.)
2. *(& "' * )0# ':
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, "'" ’ " # " , &" &"
& ' *(& " * )0# &" %& 53 , "'" ’ " # " , &" &" 53 .

B. 1 0#
4. "'" " "0& 0& 0 &
5. "'" " " "-# Kleene
! "#$ !
1 # ( "'" " "0& 0& 0 & " "-# Kleene)
& L & &
'* .
L & , # ( #) ) & Turing ( " & , - "0
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( 2 # w " & # 1..|w| ( 2 # & (* *! ' ( " ( *(& " %
* )0# % " w 0 w1w2…wk k=1,2,…|w|)
2. *(& "' * )0# ':
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( 2 #- "'" ’ " # " , &" &" .
& ' *(& " * )0# &" %& 53 , "'" ’ " # " , &" &" 53 .
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# +! 1
(2009 ) "0 2 " = {0,1} + :
L = {w ∈ * : " w # -) " ( ) " & *% 0 ( (& )' & ! ') )}.
" ( " ) &! Turing 2 " 0 = {0, 1, #, Y, N} ( ,
" & + L. ) &! . & ) " ': #w# + w ∈ *.
" "( # +# ! " # &0 ) &! Turing (" & +'# * ) # "
" & ) " (&-) "( ! # +# ! - 0 +# ! " # ! .
&! "#$ !
. !
# +! 2
(2009/) 7 "0 2 " = {0,1} + :
L = {w ∈ * : " w # -) " ( ) " & *% (& )' & 0 (* *!: 00)}.
" ( " ) &! Turing 2 " 0 = {0, 1, #, Y, N} ( ,
" & + L. ) &! . & ) " ': #w# + w ∈ *.
" "( # +# ! " # &0 ) &! Turing (" & +'# * ) # "
" & ) " (&-) "( ! # +# ! - 0 +# ! " # ! .
'! "#$ !
. !
# +! 3
(2010 ) . +! " + " " #'2 " ( " ' & ( 2 # " 2 "
{0,1} # -) " & * # ' 0 1 & % ( ).
(! "#$ !

. !
# +! 4
(2011 ) " ( " &" " # & " ! ) &! Turing M, 2 " = {0, 1, #,
Y, N}, ( & , " & + L = { x ∈ {0,1}* | x & &*# }.
&*# & ( 2 #- ( * 2 , &" " * ' * . '
# " # .
1 0#! " '" * x∈{0,1}* . & " & " (#+ " ' " & ) " ' #x#.
) # "!# 4 (YES) (NO) )# %&" " + " &
" *'" " * )! ! " '## 8 " '* (, &" " ) .
(1) " "( # +# ! " " (#+ " (-& & +'# * ) # "
" & " ).
)! "#$ !
. !
# +! 4
(2) " " +# # ! " ( ) " ! & # " )#! +&0 " &
) & &).
(3) " " & ( + ' " + " ( # "0 #) % " ) " % :
(i) #01010# (ii) #1001# (iii) #1101# (iv) ##
! "#$ !