ID Android TechTalk Series #6 : Google Service and Gradle - Anton Nurdin Tuhadiansyah

1. Anton Nurdin T
Senior Software Engineer, Xendit
anton46.com
DEEP UNDERSTANDING ABOUT

2. What is Gradle?

3. Android Build System

4. Android Build System
ant
Maven
Gradle
SBT
buck

5. Build Process

7. Multi-Language
Resource/Code Generation
Platform Diversity

8. Why Gradle?
1. Powerful Build System
- Declarative, Flexible
- Imperative Customization
- Tooling API
2. Build System Toolkit
- Plugins create own DSL, APIs, IDE integration
3. Free/Open Source

9. Structure
Settings File
- settings.gradle

10. Structure
Settings File
- settings.gradle
Top-level Build File

11. Top-level Build File
buildscript {
repositories {
jcenter()
}
dependencies {
classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:2.0.0'
}
}
allprojects {
repositories {
jcenter()
}
}
build.gradle

12. Structure
Settings File
- settings.gradle
Top-level Build File

13. Structure
Settings File
- settings.gradle
Top-level Build File
Module-level Build File

14. apply plugin: 'com.android.application'
android {
compileSdkVersion 23
buildToolsVersion "23.0.3"
defaultConfig { ... }
buildTypes { ... }
productFlavors { ... }
}
dependencies { ... }
Module-level Build File
build.gradle

15. Gradle Tasks
assemble
check
build
clean
assemble + check
assembleDebug + assembleRelease
connectedCheck
deviceCheck

16. COSTUMIZATION

17. Basic Customization
android {
compileSdkVersion 23
buildToolsVersion "23.0.3"
defaultConfig {
minSdkVersion 15
targetSdkVersion 23
versionCode 1
versionName "1.0"
}
}
build.gradle

18. Basic Customization
def getVersionCode() {
def code = ...
return code;
}
android {
defaultConfig {
versionCode getVersionCode()
...
}
}
build.gradle

19. Basic Customization
android {
defaultConfig {
applicationId “com.example.app”
minSdkVersion 15
targetSdkVersion 23
versionCode 1
versionName "1.0"
applicationVariants.all { variant ->
variant.outputs.each { output ->
def file = output.outputFile
def fileName = file.name.replace(".apk", "-v" + versionName + "-c" + versionCode + ".apk")
output.outputFile = new File(file.parentFile, fileName)
}
}
}
}
build.gradle

20. Basic Customization
app-debug-v1.0-c1.apk
app-release-v1.0-c1.apk

21. Build Types
- Build / Packaging customization
• Debuggable flag
• ProGuard
• Signing Configuration
• Source / Resource Overlay
- Debug and release prebuilt

22. Build Types
android {
buildTypes {
debug {
applicationIdSuffix '.debug'
versionNameSuffix '-DEBUG'
}
beta {
applicationIdSuffix '.beta'
versionNameSuffix '-BETA'
}
}
}
build.gradle

23. Build Types : Source Folder
src/main/AndroidManifest.xml
src/main/java
src/main/resource
src/main/res
src/main/assets
src/main/aidl
src/main/rs
src/main/jni
src/debug/...
src/release/...
src/beta/...
src/androidTest/java
src/androidTest/resource
src/androidTest/res
src/androidTest/assets
src/androidTest/aidl
src/androidTest/rs
src/androidTest/jni

24. Gradle Tasks
assemble
check
build
clean
assemble + check
assembleDebug + assembleRelease + assembleBeta
connectedCheck
deviceCheck

25. Signing Configuration
android {
signingConfigs {
release {
storeFile file('<name>.keystore')
keyAlias 'keyAlias'
keyPassword 'keyPassword'
storePassword 'storePassword'
}
}
}
build.gradle

26. Debuggable Release Builds
android {
signingConfigs {
debugRelease.intiWith(buildTypes.release)
debugRelease {
debuggable true
applicationIdSuffix '.debugrelease'
signingConfig signingConfigs.debug
}
}
}
build.gradle

27. DEPENDENCIES

28. Dependency Scope: Java Projects
compile
runtime
testCompile
testRuntime

29. Dependency Scope: Android Projects
compile
runtime
testCompile
testRuntime
compile
package
androidTestCompile
androidTestPackage

30. Local Dependencies
android {
...
}
dependencies {
compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])
}
build.gradle

31. Remote Dependencies
repositories { jcenter() }
android {
...
}
dependencies {
compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:23.2.1'
}
build.gradle

32. Multi-Project Setup
settings.gradle
include ':app'
include ':libraries:lib1'
include ':libraries:lib2'
MyProject/
| settings.gradle
+ app/
| build.gradle
+ libraries/
+ lib1/
| build.gradle
+ lib2/
| build.gradle

33. Project Dependencies
android {
...
}
dependencies {
compile project(‘:libraries:lib1’)
}
build.gradle

34. Android Library Project
apply plugin: 'com.android.library'
android {
compileSdkVersion 23
buildToolsVersion '23.0.1'
}
build.gradle

35. Android Library
- Binary Bundle (.aar)
• Uploadable to repositories
- Support for
• assets
• Proguard rules
• Custom Lint rules
• . . .

36. BUILD VARIANTS

37. Product Flavors
- Different versions of the same application
• Paid vs Free
• Multi-APK support in Google Play
- Different Dimension(s) than BuildTypes

38. Android Library Project
android {
productFlavors {
flavour1 {
applicationId "com.example.flavour1"
minSdkVersion 16
}
flavour2 {
applicationId "com.example.flavour2"
}
}
}
build.gradle

39. Build Types : Source Folder
src/main/AndroidManifest.xml
src/main/java
src/main/resource
src/main/res
src/main/assets
src/main/aidl
src/main/rs
src/main/jni
src/androidTest/java
src/androidTest/resource
src/androidTest/res
src/androidTest/assets
src/androidTest/aidl
src/androidTest/rs
src/androidTest/jni
src/debug/...
src/release/...
src/beta/...
src/flavor1/... src/androidTestFlavor1/...

40. Variant = Build Type + Product Flavor(s)
No Flavors :
debug release
- debug release
- - -

41. Variant = Build Type + Product Flavor(s)
No Flavors :
debug release
- debug release
- - -
With Flavors : debug release
Flavor1 Flavor1Debug Flavor1Release
Flavor2 Flavor2Debug Flavor2Release

42. Build Variants : Source Code
Multiple source folders, single output
src/main/java
src/debug/java
src/free/java

43. Build Variants : Resource
Overlays
src/main/res
src/debug/res
src/free/res

44. Build Variants : Signing Configuration
Priority Order
android.defaultConfig.signingConfig
android.buildTypes.release.signingConfig
android.productFlavors.free.signingConfig

45. Build Variants : Package Name
Overlays + Suffix
android.defaultConfig.packageName
android.productFlavors.free.signingConfig
+ android.buildTypes.debug.packageNameSuffix
src/main/AndroidManifest.xml

46. Build Variants : Proguard
android {
...
buildTypes {
release {
minifyEnabled true
proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'),
'proguard-rules.pro'
}
}
productFlavors {
flavor2 {
proguardFile 'flavor2-rules.pro'
}
}
}
build.gradle

47. Res / Code Generation
buildConfigField
resValue

48. build.gradle
android {
buildTypes {
debug {
buildConfigField "String", "SERVER_URL", '"http://staging.example.co"'
resValue "string", "facebook_app_id", '"12345678910'
...
}
release {
buildConfigField "String", "SERVER_URL", '"https://example.co"'
resValue "string", "facebook_app_id", '"0987654321'
...
}
}
}
Res / Code Generation

49. PERFORMACE

50. GRADLE IS FAST

51. GRADLE IS FAST
200 Projects
grade clean assemble —-parallel 7s

52. • Android Studio IDE (Android Tooling Team)
• Gradle Android Plugin (Android Tooling Team)
• Gradle Flatform (Gradle Team)
• Android Tooling (Android Platform Team)
Toolchain

53. BOTLENECK

54. Clean Install (61.9s)
1%8%
46% 27%
3%
14%
Install (8.89s)
After Dexing (2.06s)
Dex (16.67s)
Pre-Dex (28.54s)
Before Dexing (5.04)
Configuration (0.65)

55. Install After Code
Change (33.31s)
2%
15%
50%
6%
27% Install (8.89s)
After Dexing (2.06s)
Dex (16.67s)
Before Dexing (5.04s)
Configuration (0.65s)

56. PRE-DEXING
DEXING

57. Hint
• Enable the Gradle daemon and parallel build
dexOptions {
incremental true
}
• Incremental dexing
~/.gradle/gradle.properties
org.gradle.daemon=true
org.gradle.parallel=true
org.gradle.jvmargs=-Xmx1024m
org.gradle.java.home=/path/to/jvm
• Offline Mode
• Separate project into modules

58. https://source.android.com/
source/jack.html
Jack Compiler

59. http://gradle.org/training/

60. Anton Nurdin T
Senior Software Engineer, Xendit
anton46.com
THANK YOU