Jesus Martinez-Manso from the NSB-Spark Pay team is going to talk to us about infinity and beyond! Most of the Universe is made of dark and scary stuff that is going into our mouths every second (no kidding), yet we know very little about it. In this talk, Jesus will give an overview of cosmic dark sector and explain the basics of how we know about its existence. We will cover topics like dark energy, dark matter, black holes and galaxy evolution.
6. Einstein’s equations
Gmn =8pG Tmn
3 space + 1 time components…
16 equations, ugh!
Universe is isotropicAssumptions:
Universe is homogeneous
… at large scales
Just ONE equation for the expansion of the Universe:
9. Fitting theory to observations
Extra term: dark energy
“speed ”
“distance”
10. Weird properties
DE density remains constant as Universe expands
while matter and radiation get diluted
DE will increasingly dominate the Universe, accelerating
expansion even more
Size of
Universe
time (billion years)
0 7 14 21 28 35
Big Rip
You are
here
Where is this extra energy coming from?
11. But, what is it, really?
Λ = vacuum energy?
10120
prediction Evacuum
measured Λ
>
Merp.
18. Dark matter
How does it interact?
Gravitational force
Electromagnetic force
Weak force
Strong force
?
19. Dark matter
What can it be?
We need to figure out things like:
• Better measurement of its temperature
• Does it annihilate with itself?
Unlike with dark energy, here we have some
plausible candidates, like WIMPS
BUT
20. Black holes
Come closer,
I just wanna
play…
Hi, I’m a region where
space is so warped
that not even light
can escape.
21. Formation of BH depends on density,
not just on total mass.
There are several ways to form one
Main types
Micro BH,
Mass < 1 gram
Stellar BH,
Mass ~ 10
Msun
Supermassive BH,
Mass ~ 1 Billion Msun
22. Stellar black holes
• Most common black holes
• Final evolutionary stage of large stars
23. Stellar black holes
We should not fear their fly-
by’s any more than other
bodies of same mass
24. Supermassive black holes
• Almost every biggish galaxy has one at its center
• They have masses around 1 BILLION times our Sun
Our galaxy has one too:
25. Supermassive black holes
From time to time, they will swallow gas clouds and light up the entire galaxy.
In these stages, they are called Active Galactic Nuclei
26. Gultekin et al. 2009
Supermassive black holes
We don’t know how they formed!!
BH mass is correlated to
host galaxy mass:
Which formed first??