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Sharing water for a better future
Dr. P.B. Dharmasena, Presentation made at the meeting to describe the status of
water balance in the Giant Tank, Murunkan, Sri Lanka on 29th
November, 2012
585 mcm
from Mannar
435 mcm from
Mulaithivu
350 mcm from
Kilinochchi
We are still wasting water
585 mcm
from Mannar
435 mcm from
Mulaithivu
350 mcm from
Kilinochchi
We are still wasting water
97 mcm from
Paranki Aru
64 mcm from
Aruvi Aru
4,000 acres
can be
cultivated
annually
25%
We are still wasting water
 Government?
 Politicians?
 Water Organizations?
 Public?
 Domestic Water
Users
 Farmers?
 Any Other?
28 agencies under 10 ministries are dealing with water
Sharing water for a better future
What are the territories of water Governance?
• Irrigation Department – 14 administrative
divisions - not related to water resources
• Education authorities have their own
Zones
• Forest and Wild Life Conservation have
their own Ranges
• Health authorities have their own health
divisions
• Agrarian Service Dept. – Govijana
Kendra
• Agriculture – Provincial and District
• Agro-ecological zones – nothing with
administrative divisions
• Electoral Districts are based on existing
administrative districts of their
combinations
• From time to time different governments
announce different economic
development zones
Malwatu Oya (Aruvi Aru) River Basin Map
0.3%
72.6%
18.5%
8.6%
Total land extent = 3206 km2
Sharing water for a better future
Kevesastha (Northern)
Upulwangiri
Rakungiri
Mahagiri
Chalaka
Neelagiri
Kawasthalabha
Dhumaka Kaddeera Indra
Agni
Kevesastha (Northern)
Upulwangiri (Kala Oya)
Rakungiri (Malwathu Oya)
Mahagiri (Samanala mountain
area) – Kelani, Kalu, Walawe,
Mahaweli
Chalaka (Mi Oya)
Neelagiri (Modaragam Aru)
Kawasthalabha (Yan oya)
Dhumaka Kaddeera (Deduru Oya)
Indra (Maduru Oya,
Mundeni Aru, Gal oya)
Agni (Kumbukkan
Oya, Menik Ganga,
Kirindi Oya
After Madduma Bandara 1992
Yalpanam Province
(Ancient Kevesastha)
1.Churian Aru
2.Chaver Aru
3.Palladi Aru
4.Nay aru
5.Kodalikkallu Aru
6.Pay Aru
7.Pali Aru
8.Maruthapilli Aru
9.Thorawil aru
10.Piramennal Aru
11.Nethali aru
12.Kanagarayan Aru
13.Kalawalappu Aru
14.Akkarayan Aru
15.Mendakal Aru
16.Palawarayankaddu Aru
17.Pali Aru
18.Chippi Aru
19.Paranki Aru
20.Nay Aru
Areas and Populations of New Provinces
Province % Area %Population
1. Yalpanam 15 10
2. Rajarata 17 07
3. Dambadeni 12 16
4. Mahaweli 16 16
5. Deegavapi 15 07
6. Kelani 10 28
7. Ruhuna 15 16
Total 100 100
Advantages of New Provinces
• No ethnic, religious, linguistic
or other grouping criteria
• Every Province has a sea-
frontage.
• No “inter-provincial rivers”.
• Under the 13th
Amendment to
the Constitution - Provincial
Rivers to Provincial Councils
• Protection of National Parks
such as Yala, Wilpattu, Flood
Plains
• Long term planning to mitigate
natural disasters (floods,
droughts etc.)
• Only 7 not 9 provinces
• No social barriers such as Up-
country - Low Country etc.
• Decentralized power.
Sharing water for a better future
ARUVI ARU (MALWATHU OYA) SUB BASINS
• The proposed Lower Malwathu Oya
(Thanthirimale) Reservoir, damming Malwathu
Oya about 10 - 15 km upstream of Tekkam anicut
will augment the Giant Tank.
• The extent of the drainage area of Malwathu Oya at
this site is 2,130 km2
.
• It has storage capacity of 348 MCM. to irrigate
12,930 ha of new land for paddy and 10,117 ha
under Giant’s tank and 2,425 ha under
Akkathimurippu.
• The existing cropping intensity of the Giant’s tank
and Akathimurrippu are about 1.05 – 1.10 and 0.75
– 1.0.
• This project will further improve the existing
cropping intensity of Giant’s tank and
Akathimurippu schemes.


   


   
 

1
2
3 4 6
5

7
Army
Restaurant
Main Road
New NWS&DB well field
Giant Tank
Overhead Tank
Currently
Pumping
Wells
Irrigation
CanalBoutique
WRB
BH
Sirikulama
Area


Shallow Test wells
Existing Tube Wells
Sandy
Alluv
ium
Clay Alluvium
Anuradhapura
Fault Zone

10
N

8
9
GROUNDWATER RESOURCES IN SRI LANKA
 Deep confined miocene limestone aquifers – North
West Sri Lanka – Puttalam, Mannar, Mulaitivu districts
Geologic cross section across the Murunkan basin
6
Lithology of confined miocene limestone aquifer
Soil and clay rich alluvial (0 – 2m)
Alluvial sand layer (2 – 8m)
Miocene Limestone (11 - 50m)
Fresh rock (> 50m)
Clay layer(8 – 9m)
Sand layer(9 – 10m)
Main work group Investment
Surface water resource No investment.
Ground water Resource At the Murunkan Well-field
Groundwater investigation and development. Rehabilitation of 4 existing wells &
replacement of 3 pumps, installation of 4 new combined wells extracting water
from both the deep and shallow aquifer and associated M&E works.
In addition to this the water board have already established four deep wells.
The total production capacity will be:
Existing: 4,500 m3
/day
Water board 4 wells established: 4,900 m3
/day
Component A ADB project: 6,000 m3
/day
Total: 15,400 m3
/day
Total inkl. Thoddakaddu 15,800 m3
/day
Water Treatment plant New disinfection units at existing water treatment plant
Distribution structures Construction of new 900 m3
water tower at Eluthoor and 500m3
reservoir at
Palimunai with pump house
Transmission Main 32.85 Km Covers gravity main from Murunkan to Mannar existing sump and new
sump at Pallimunai and capacity improvements of branch main Vankalai. Also new
pumping mains to Pallimunai and Eluthoor towers
Distribution pipelines Installation of 100.4 Km of pipelines consisting of 10 Km distribution to 5 principal
zones, 15.4Km trunk mains connecting local distribution zones, 58Km provisional
quantity for local distribution expansion and 17Km for rider mains mainly along
main roads.
Sharing water for a better future
Sharing water for a better future
Sharing water for a better future
Sharing water for a better future
Sharing water for a better future
EXISTING
AFTER PROJECT
505 MCM
100 MCM
605 MCM
184
MCM
101
MCM
256
MCM
6
MCM
250
MCM
64
MCM
Paddy
Water supply
314 MCM lost
to sea
Natural
vegetation
Diversion
GIANT’S TANK BASIN WATER BALANCE

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Sharing water for a better future

  • 1. Sharing water for a better future Dr. P.B. Dharmasena, Presentation made at the meeting to describe the status of water balance in the Giant Tank, Murunkan, Sri Lanka on 29th November, 2012
  • 2. 585 mcm from Mannar 435 mcm from Mulaithivu 350 mcm from Kilinochchi We are still wasting water
  • 3. 585 mcm from Mannar 435 mcm from Mulaithivu 350 mcm from Kilinochchi We are still wasting water 97 mcm from Paranki Aru 64 mcm from Aruvi Aru 4,000 acres can be cultivated annually 25%
  • 4. We are still wasting water  Government?  Politicians?  Water Organizations?  Public?  Domestic Water Users  Farmers?  Any Other? 28 agencies under 10 ministries are dealing with water
  • 6. What are the territories of water Governance? • Irrigation Department – 14 administrative divisions - not related to water resources • Education authorities have their own Zones • Forest and Wild Life Conservation have their own Ranges • Health authorities have their own health divisions • Agrarian Service Dept. – Govijana Kendra • Agriculture – Provincial and District • Agro-ecological zones – nothing with administrative divisions • Electoral Districts are based on existing administrative districts of their combinations • From time to time different governments announce different economic development zones
  • 7. Malwatu Oya (Aruvi Aru) River Basin Map 0.3% 72.6% 18.5% 8.6% Total land extent = 3206 km2
  • 10. Kevesastha (Northern) Upulwangiri (Kala Oya) Rakungiri (Malwathu Oya) Mahagiri (Samanala mountain area) – Kelani, Kalu, Walawe, Mahaweli Chalaka (Mi Oya) Neelagiri (Modaragam Aru) Kawasthalabha (Yan oya) Dhumaka Kaddeera (Deduru Oya) Indra (Maduru Oya, Mundeni Aru, Gal oya) Agni (Kumbukkan Oya, Menik Ganga, Kirindi Oya
  • 11. After Madduma Bandara 1992 Yalpanam Province (Ancient Kevesastha) 1.Churian Aru 2.Chaver Aru 3.Palladi Aru 4.Nay aru 5.Kodalikkallu Aru 6.Pay Aru 7.Pali Aru 8.Maruthapilli Aru 9.Thorawil aru 10.Piramennal Aru 11.Nethali aru 12.Kanagarayan Aru 13.Kalawalappu Aru 14.Akkarayan Aru 15.Mendakal Aru 16.Palawarayankaddu Aru 17.Pali Aru 18.Chippi Aru 19.Paranki Aru 20.Nay Aru
  • 12. Areas and Populations of New Provinces Province % Area %Population 1. Yalpanam 15 10 2. Rajarata 17 07 3. Dambadeni 12 16 4. Mahaweli 16 16 5. Deegavapi 15 07 6. Kelani 10 28 7. Ruhuna 15 16 Total 100 100
  • 13. Advantages of New Provinces • No ethnic, religious, linguistic or other grouping criteria • Every Province has a sea- frontage. • No “inter-provincial rivers”. • Under the 13th Amendment to the Constitution - Provincial Rivers to Provincial Councils • Protection of National Parks such as Yala, Wilpattu, Flood Plains • Long term planning to mitigate natural disasters (floods, droughts etc.) • Only 7 not 9 provinces • No social barriers such as Up- country - Low Country etc. • Decentralized power.
  • 15. ARUVI ARU (MALWATHU OYA) SUB BASINS
  • 16. • The proposed Lower Malwathu Oya (Thanthirimale) Reservoir, damming Malwathu Oya about 10 - 15 km upstream of Tekkam anicut will augment the Giant Tank. • The extent of the drainage area of Malwathu Oya at this site is 2,130 km2 . • It has storage capacity of 348 MCM. to irrigate 12,930 ha of new land for paddy and 10,117 ha under Giant’s tank and 2,425 ha under Akkathimurippu. • The existing cropping intensity of the Giant’s tank and Akathimurrippu are about 1.05 – 1.10 and 0.75 – 1.0. • This project will further improve the existing cropping intensity of Giant’s tank and Akathimurippu schemes.
  • 17.                1 2 3 4 6 5  7 Army Restaurant Main Road New NWS&DB well field Giant Tank Overhead Tank Currently Pumping Wells Irrigation CanalBoutique WRB BH Sirikulama Area   Shallow Test wells Existing Tube Wells Sandy Alluv ium Clay Alluvium Anuradhapura Fault Zone  10 N  8 9
  • 18. GROUNDWATER RESOURCES IN SRI LANKA  Deep confined miocene limestone aquifers – North West Sri Lanka – Puttalam, Mannar, Mulaitivu districts Geologic cross section across the Murunkan basin
  • 19. 6 Lithology of confined miocene limestone aquifer Soil and clay rich alluvial (0 – 2m) Alluvial sand layer (2 – 8m) Miocene Limestone (11 - 50m) Fresh rock (> 50m) Clay layer(8 – 9m) Sand layer(9 – 10m)
  • 20. Main work group Investment Surface water resource No investment. Ground water Resource At the Murunkan Well-field Groundwater investigation and development. Rehabilitation of 4 existing wells & replacement of 3 pumps, installation of 4 new combined wells extracting water from both the deep and shallow aquifer and associated M&E works. In addition to this the water board have already established four deep wells. The total production capacity will be: Existing: 4,500 m3 /day Water board 4 wells established: 4,900 m3 /day Component A ADB project: 6,000 m3 /day Total: 15,400 m3 /day Total inkl. Thoddakaddu 15,800 m3 /day Water Treatment plant New disinfection units at existing water treatment plant Distribution structures Construction of new 900 m3 water tower at Eluthoor and 500m3 reservoir at Palimunai with pump house Transmission Main 32.85 Km Covers gravity main from Murunkan to Mannar existing sump and new sump at Pallimunai and capacity improvements of branch main Vankalai. Also new pumping mains to Pallimunai and Eluthoor towers Distribution pipelines Installation of 100.4 Km of pipelines consisting of 10 Km distribution to 5 principal zones, 15.4Km trunk mains connecting local distribution zones, 58Km provisional quantity for local distribution expansion and 17Km for rider mains mainly along main roads.
  • 27. 505 MCM 100 MCM 605 MCM 184 MCM 101 MCM 256 MCM 6 MCM 250 MCM 64 MCM Paddy Water supply 314 MCM lost to sea Natural vegetation Diversion GIANT’S TANK BASIN WATER BALANCE