Re-imagined
The future of K12 education
by David Havens
@eduhavens
December 2013

2
N = 17,624 teachers
80%
95%
5:1RATIO
Source: Brightbytes, ambient insights, http://kpk12.com/states/
EVERY 4 DAYS5 STATES
Catalyzed by technology, education is undergoing major change
Towards greater personalization and access
require online
coursework to
graduate
a new edtech
company is funded
of student to
tablet by 2015
agree that their students’ learning is more engaging when using technology
of teachers agree that technology use in the classroom can enhance student
learning

The time is now to re-imagine our education system 3
Outline
 Systemic Challenges [4]
 New Landscape [15]
 Re-imagined tools [30]
 New instructional models [40]
 Appendix

Systemic Challenges1
“The notion of education as a public good that facilitates socioeconomic mobility for all citizens is at
the heart of the American public education system.”
Emily Dalton Smith
Bill and Melinda
Gates Foundation

Percentage of low-income students increasing 5
Source: http://m.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2013/10/study-almost-half-of-public-school-students-are-now-low-
income/280664/
2000 2011
48% of public school students are now eligible for free or reduced lunch
51%
63%
60%
56%
Note: The report did not include D.C. because its
school system is too small relative to those of
states
51%
50%
54%
68%
50%
60%
66%
60%
71%
55%
56%
57%
51%
50%
55%
57%
55%
*students who qualify for free or reduced-priced lunches
+10%
Percentage of low-income students
30 40 50%

0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000
Children in higher income households are improving faster 6
It’s not just the bottom getting left behind – the top 10% financially are pulling away academically
Income Achievement Gaps
Source: http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/04/27/no-rich-child-left-behind/
Cohort Birth Day
Reading, 1943-2000 Birth Cohorts
90th/50th achievement gap
50th/10th achievement gap
Averagedifferenceinstandardizedtest
scoresbetweenincomepercentiles

US per pupil spending varies 300% across states 7
In 2011, ranged from $6212 (Utah) to $19076 (New York)
Per Pupil Current Spending (2009)
AK, HI
$0 - $9,350
$9,351 - $10,550
$10,550 – 12,000
$12,000 - $13,500
$13,501 - $18,5100
Wyo.
$18,068
Utah
$7,217
Source: http://www.nationaljournal.com/thenextamerica/education/analysis-how-much-states-spend-on-their-kids-really-does-matter-20121016

Students of color are underrepresented in top schools 8
Over 50% of white students are in the top 30% of schools
Percentage Of Subgroups Attending Top, Middle, and Bottom performing schools
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
African-American Latino Economically
Disadvantaged
White
Percentageofstudents
Top 30% of schools
Middle 40%
Bottom 30%
Source: http://www.edtrust.org/sites/edtrust.org/files/publications/files/Access%20Denied.pdf Notes: In K12 schools in California, based off API scores (2009)

Living in poverty lowers chance of academic success 9
22% of children with a year of poverty do not graduate
6%
2%
9%
22%
11%
26%
Total Proficient Not Proficient
DropoutRates
Children without Poverty Children with Poverty Experience
Source: http://www.aecf.org/~/media/Pubs/Topics/Education/Other/DoubleJeopardyHowThirdGradeReadingSkillsandPovery/DoubleJeopardyReport040511FINAL.pdf ,
http://www.begintoread.com/research/literacystatistics.html
Of prison inmates are functionally illiterate60%

Teacher satisfaction at lowest level since 1986 10
Principal satisfaction down, too. Teacher stress has increased since 1985.
Source: https://www.metlife.com/assets/cao/foundation/MetLife-Teacher-Survey-2012.pdf, http://kaleyperkins.com/as-teacher-satisfaction-plummets-educator-finds-way-to-teach-from-the-trunk/
Teacher Job Satisfaction Through the Years
(% Very Satisfied)
Base: Teachers (2012, n=1,000)
40%
44%
33%
40%
50%
44%
54% 52%
57% 56%
62% 59%
44%
39%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1995 2001 2003 2006 2008 2009 2011 2012
Series 1

And despite spending 2nd most on education… 11
K-12 Spending Per Student In The OECD
Source: OECD, 2009 Education at a Glance

United States lags in basic literacy and numeracy skills 12
Based off OECD assessment of adult skills, 2013
Source: http://skills.oecd.org/OECD_Skills_Outlook_2013.pdf
Distribution of numeracy proficiency
scores
Distribution of literacy proficiency scores
#22
#17

United States is below average in equity and achievement 13
Based off OECD Program for International Student Assessment, 2012
Source: http://www.oecd.org/pisa/ (slide 7)
PISA scores
Social Equity in
Learning Opportunities

Summary 14
 Income Inequality is growing and has powerful implications on educational
attainment
 The conditions of poverty can create academic challenges and correlate to
dropout rates
 When compared internationally, US lags in both equity and achievement
Source: Committee on Education Funding Note: Assembled by Jenny House, President of Redrock Reports

New landscape2
“It’s not about the technology; it’s about sharing knowledge and information, communicating
efficiently, building learning communities and creating a culture of professionalism in schools.
These are the key responsibilities of all educational leaders.”
Marion Ginapolis
Superintendent at
Lake Orion Public
Schools

45 states adopt Common Core - national goals for student learning 16
Pushing students to think critically, collaboratively, creatively
Adopted
Not Yet Adopted
Source: corestandards.org, Aug 22, 2013
Common core adoption across the USA

Fixed Mind-set
Intelligence is static
Leads to a
desire to
look smart
Growth Mind-set
Leads to a
desire to
learn
Intelligence can be developed
Rising focus on noncognitive factors to improve student agency 17
New academic mindsets and learning strategies linked to school success
Sources: Angela Duckworth: http://www.sas.upenn.edu/~duckwort/images/Grit%20JPSP.pdf, Carol Dweck: http://alumni.stanford.edu/get/page/magazine/article/?article_id=32124
Grit
Growth
Cultural Competency
Effort
Perseverance
Social Emotional Intelligence
Creativity
Innovative disposition
Habits of scholarship
Character

Game-based learning poised to engage and teach 18
Funding and market size expanding from $1.5 billion in 2012 to $2.3 in 2017
Source: http://www.gamesandlearning.org/2013/10/26/driven-by-mobile-edu-games-market-expected-to-top-2-3-billion-by-2017, Joan Ganz-Cooney, and Harris Interactive
Teenagers spend
14 hours per week
playing video games
Within Schools:
32% of teachers use
games 2-4 days/week in
the classroom

Technology is ubiquitous in the classroom 19
97% of teachers have at least one computer in the
classroom
94% enter or view grades using electronic system
Source: http://nces.ed.gov/pubs2010/2010040.pdf, http://nces.ed.gov/fastfacts/display.asp?id=46
5 : 3
current average ratio
Student : Computer
40% of teachers use technology often in the classroom
5M
iPads in K12

Learning can continue beyond the school building 20
With US smartphone and tablet owners on the rise
U.S. Smartphone and Tablet Owners
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
May-10
Jul-10
Sep-10
Nov-10
Jan-11
Mar-11
May-11
Jul-11
Sep-11
Nov-11
Jan-12
Mar-12
May-12
Jul-12
(millions)
Source: Pew Research Center, comScore, U.S., census bureau, http://kaiserfamilyfoundation.files.wordpress.com/2013/04/8010.pdf
Note: Includes smartphones owners over age of 13 and tablet owners over age of 18
Tablet
Owners
Smartphone
Owners

Teacher demographics are changing 21
Younger teachers more comfortable with technology
Age of Public School Teachers, 1987-88 to 2007-08
Source: 96% number from http://blog.edmentum.com/leading-way-education-technology, http://www.gse.upenn.edu/review/feature/ingersoll
40% under 30 -
digital natives!

Tech companies bring devices and content ecosystems to K12 22
Apple dominates hardware while Google Apps for Education (GAFE) grows rapidly
App stores deliver rich, diverse content
Samsung
Apple Google
Amplify
Microsoft
Source: apple.com, google.com, samsung.com, edmodo.com, schoology.com
Cost of hardware lowers; “hardware-as-a-service”
enables new buying flexibility

Though serious tech infrastructure challenges remain 23
93%
of computers have
internet access
72%
of schools have adequate
bandwidth for 2017 estimates
Source: http://nces.ed.gov/fastfacts/display.asp?id=46
<1%
of schools lack adequate
bandwidth to use 1:1 devices
in every classroomBUT

-75
-25
25
1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012E 2014E 2016E
Net Funding Surplus/Shortfall
State and local budgets are tightening 24
K-12 Funding Sources
Source: The Parthenon Group
U.S. K-12 Education Spending YoY Growth by Fiscal Year, 1991-2011State and Local Budget Surplus/Shortfall by Fiscal Year, 1990-2015F
$B
13
-4 -2 -5
5 8
17
29
43 45 47
18
-47
-59
-16
14
46
34
-21
-103
-45
-37
-76
-52
-36
6
42
-125
-75
-25
25
Net Funding Surplus/ShortfallHistorical Forecasting
Net Funding Surplus/Shortfall
0
2
4
6
8
10
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
2009
2011
Series 1
%

Venture capital flows into K-12: 74 financings in 2012 25
$427m from angels and institutional funders, transaction size ranges from $.2-80m
Source: http://www.newschools.org/blog/closer-look

Angel investment fueling early stage edtech 26
Breakdown of NSVF co-investors reveals demographics of capital sources
Source: NSVF
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
SociallyAlignedInvestors
AngelInvestors
TradionalVC
Foundaons
SociallyAlignedInvestors
AngelInvestors
TradionalVC
Foundaons
2012 2013
PercentageofDollarsSyndicated
Composi on of NSVF Syndicated Investors
NSVF Syndicate Investors
Socially aligned and tradi onal venture firms are an increasingly important part of the Seed Fund's
funding network Composition of NSVF Syndicate
Investors

0
200000
400000
600000
800000
1000000
1200000
1400000
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
The economy demands new skills 27
In computer science alone, a one million job shortage
1.4million
computing jobs
400,000 computer
science students
1,000,000 more jobs than students by 2020 9 out of 10 schools don’t even offer programming classes
In 2020: 51,474 graduates / 122,300 CS jobs
Source: https://www.zdnet.com/vc-firm-study-high-skilled-stem-talent-shortage-in-u-s-is-real-
7000016053
100 Million dollars from Obama for jobs in education

Educational attainment is correlated to higher earnings 28
And lower unemployment
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey

Summary 29
 The Common Core State Standards will allow for states to collaborate and
compare data as students think more critically
 Younger teachers and newer jobs pave the way for innovation and technology
(which is everywhere)
 Consumer technology companies enter K12 market with hardware + software
Source: Committee on Education Funding Note: Assembled by Jenny House, President of Redrock Reports

Re-imagined Tools
Used by over 25 million students in US K12
3
“We need technology in every classroom and in every student and teacher’s hand, because it is the
pen and paper of our time, and it is the lens through which we experience much of our world.”
David Warlick
North Carolina State
Department of Public
Instruction

Re-imagination of literature 31
One size fits all  personalized and interactive
Print, static, limited to physical supply Accessible anywhere, customized by teacher,
personalized

Re-imagination of current events 32
Periodic updates  real time stories with comprehension checks
Print, updated weekly, standardized Accessible anywhere, personalized, adaptive

Re-imagination of behavior management 33
Sticker charts  ongoing feedback and behavior tracking
Labor intensive, limited data, not visible to
parents or guardians
Mobile, quick, accessible to parents and guardians

Re-imagination of engagement 34
Abstract and standardized problems  relevant and personalized content
Generic, often irrelevant to the students’ life Problems based on personal interest and real world
applications

Re-imagination of assessment formats 35
Deterministic and summative  open-ended and formative
Right or wrong, guessing is prevalent Real time enables more tailored
instruction and quick adjustments
Teacher View
Student View

Re-imagination of credentialing 36
Physical diplomas  credentialing and e-portfolio services
Brand focused, lacks visibility into skills
Tracks progress, competency, and mastery – useful
to employers

Re-imagination of data 37
Report cards  interactive dashboards
Static, quarterly reports with little qualitative
data
Real-time, accessible, more nuanced and diverse data,
can be mastery based

Re-imagination of teacher training 38
From static resources to interactive video and assistance
One size fits all, theory-heavy programs Online, personalized, simulation based,
focus on skill mastery

Summary 39
 Every corner of the education system is being touched by innovation and/or
technology
 Many startups are targeting districts or systems to make the analytics, outcome
measuring, technology, and buying more streamlined and efficacious
 View the entire edsurge edtech index (originally by NewSchools) here:
https://www.edsurge.com/products/

New instructional models4
“Our collective charge in K-12 innovation today should go beyond merely designing and producing new tools.
Rather, our focus should primarily be to design new classroom models that take advantage of what these
tools can do.”
Joel Rose
Founder,
New Classrooms

Lab Rotation 41
Students receive instruction from teacher and practice online
eg: Milpitas Schools District, original
Rocketship
Classroom with
computers
Classroom with
teacher
Student groups rotate between traditional classroom and
online instruction in a computer or learning lab
Source: Education Elements http://educationelements.com/our-services/blended-learning-model-schools and http://www.christenseninstitute.org/blended-learning-model-definitions/,
https://phs.pusdk12.org/library
Group A

Flex Rotation 42
Students work at own pace with small group sessions when needed
Source: Education Elements http://educationelements.com/our-services/blended-learning-model-schools and http://www.christenseninstitute.org/blended-learning-model-
definitions/
Group A
Students learn primarily online in a brick and mortar school location
Classroom with computers
eg: Carpe Diem Schools,
Summit

Classroom Rotation 43
Learn basics online, practice in groups, and go beyond with teacher
Students groups rotate between traditional classroom instruction and online
instruction within the classroom
Group with computers
Group with teacher Small work
groups
eg: KIPP Empower Academy,
Alliance Public Schools, Mission
Dolores Academy
Source: Education Elements http://educationelements.com/our-services/blended-learning-model-schools and http://www.christenseninstitute.org/blended-learning-model-
definitions/

Flipped Classroom 44
Watching content at home frees up class time to go deeper
Classroom Flip
Learning
Through Activity
Educational
Technology
The Learning
Environment
provides
opportunity
for
influencesinfluences
uses
Anecdotal student achievement results can be dramatic,
reducing failure rates by 30% in several cases. To do so
needs thoughtful implementation:
Source: http://www.knewton.com/flipped-classroom/
To see a detailed implementation guide, visit:
http://learningaccelerator.org/media/5965a4f8/DLNSS.BL2PDF.9.24.13.pdf
Create
conditions for
success
Plan Implement Improve

Charter schools also growing to support new models 45
With over 5000 schools and 2.3 million students, many focused on high needs areas
Source: http://www.uscharters.org/2013/01/us-charter-school-movement-reaches-new.html
INCREASE IN CHARTER SCHOOLS AND ITS STUDENTS
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
2002-2003 2007-2008 2012-2013
Thousands
Enrolled Students Number of Schools
100
200
300
400
500
600
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
NEW schools
CLOSED schools
#ofschools
School year
NUMBER OF NEW & CLOSED CHARTER SCHOOLS

Summary 46
 Schools are changing the way time is spent in the classroom
 With improved data feedback from tech to teacher, teachers can better tailor
instruction to individuals or groups dynamically
 Many schools are experimenting with new models, and we will see much more
innovation to come
Source: Committee on Education Funding Note: Assembled by Jenny House, President of Redrock Reports

So, you want to
re-imagine education?
47

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Appendix
49

US lags even in basic technology proficiency 50
Like coordinating and updating reservations online

Parents expect more than 3 R’s from education systems 51
When asked which result was “most essential” in K12 after reading, math,
and STEM education, parents were divided:
24%
16%
15%
14%
16%
15%
Vocational Preparation
Citizenship, Democracy, and Leadership
skills
High Test Scores
Openness to Diversity
Arts and Music instruction
Source: What Parents Want: Education Preferences and Trade-offs (A Fordham
Report)

New “Deeper thinking” tests are harder 52
As new standards roll out, test scores fall (public and private)
Percentage of New York City students who were proficient
Source: New York State Education Department

Higher income students more likely to attend selective
college
53

20% of Americans control 95% of the wealth 54
And dramatically different opportunities are available to that 80%
Source: http://www2.ucsc.edu/whorulesamerica/power/wealth.html
35%
28%
14%
12%
11%
Top 1%
Next 4%
Next 5%
Next 10%
Bottom 80%
42%
30%
13%
11%
5%
Net worth distribution,
2010
Financial wealth distribution,
2010
Bottom 80% :
11% of net worth
Bottom 80% : 5%
of financial
wealth

Over $687 billion spent on US K-12, mostly state and local 55
According to the Global Silicon Valley estimates
K-12 Funding Sources (1971-2009)
Source: Committee on Education Funding Note: Assembled by Jenny House, President of Redrock Reports

Financially struggling students overrepresented in pool
of dropouts
56
Poverty Experience of Children Not Graduating from High School
No
62%
Yes
38%
No
30%
Yes
70%
Poverty Experience of
All Children
Poverty Experience of
Children Not Graduating
Source:
http://www.aecf.org/~/media/Pubs/Topics/Education/Other/DoubleJeopardyHowThirdGradeReadingSkillsandPovery/DoubleJeopardyReport040511FINAL.pdf

Teachers have fewer years of experience 57
Source http://www.gse.upenn.edu/review/feature/ingersoll :
Years of Experience of Public School Teachers,
1987-88 to 2007-08

Different majors lead to different earnings 58
Source: http://www.npr.org/blogs/money/2013/09/10/219372252/the-most-and-least-lucrative-college-majors-in-1-
graph