ASSA imaging group DSLR Photometry Talk 27 Nov 2015

Dave Benn
Dave BennScientific Software Engineer at CSIRO
DSLR
Photometry
of Variable Stars
David Benn, Nov 2015
Outline
 Brief overview of variable stars
 The varieties of variable star observing
 What’s the goal?
 Getting started with DSLR photometry
 My setup
 Procedure
Introduction to Variables
Source: Society for popular astronomy
Introduction to Variables
Introduction to Variables
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Eclipsing_binary_star_animation_2.gif
Introduction to Variables
http://www.citizensky.org
Introduction to Variables
http://www.astrosurf.com/aras/novae/Nova2013Del.html
Variable Star Observing Varieties
 Visual variable star estimation since 2009
 Mostly binocular
 Simple (technique, equipment) & quick
 Great for long period variables, novae
 ~0.1 magnitude precision
 Wide-field DSLR photometry since late 2014
 ~0.01 magnitude precision
 Can quantify error
 Not as precise as CCD or PEP but 10x lower cost
 Repeatability; data re-use in future, e.g. for B, R
+ CHOICE courses
What’s the goal?
What’s the goal?
What’s the goal?
 finder chart of W Sgr to describe technique
Visual
http://www.citizensky.org, Southern Gems tutorial
DSLR Photometry: My Setup
 Overall motivation
 low cost, time
 suburban backyard
 Canon 1100D with 200mm lens on LX-90 or tripod
 Card table and light shield; light box for flats
 Free or readily available software
 IRIS (free; WINE on Mac), AstroImageJ, Muniwin, …
 Spreadsheet (Excel, OpenOffice)
 Sky Safari Pro (telescope control, with SkyFi)
DSLR Photometry: My Setup
DSLR Photometry: My Setup
DSLR Photometry: My Setup
My Setup
DSLR Bayer Array
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayer_filter
Some Considerations
 B, V, R possible from a single image
 May be more than one variable per image
 ISO 100 or 200 or 400 for high dynamic range
 Exposure: depends upon tripod vs tracked
 Turn off auto features
 noise reduction
 lens cleaning
Procedure
 Finder chart & photometry table
 Locate field, take test frame to verify
 Make notes, e.g. of conditions!
 Deliberately under-focus for photometry
 Convert RAW to software’s format, e.g. FITS
 Calibration: lights, biases, flats, darks (maybe)
 Stellar registration, for automatic photometry
Procedure
 Extract green (or blue or red) channels
 Determine photometry radii
 Local coordinates of target, reference stars
 Some software may automate via plate solve
 Photometry on individual or stacked images
 Look at error, residuals; change one or more reference
(comparison, check) stars if too high
 Ensemble-based transformation to V (or B or R)
ASSA imaging group DSLR Photometry Talk 27 Nov 2015
Photometry Table from Finder
Have to consider:
• Magnitude
• B-V
when choosing reference stars.
Deliberately under-focus
DSLR: Bayer Array
Calibration
CFA Conversion
Stellar Registration
Extract R, G, B channels
green channel: img-gN
Target Region
Target Region
Aperture Photometry
Aperture Photometry
Aperture Photometry
Aperture Photometry
Differential Photometry
Source: AAVSO DSLR manual
ASSA imaging group DSLR Photometry Talk 27 Nov 2015
ASSA imaging group DSLR Photometry Talk 27 Nov 2015
Links
 https://aavso.org
 http://www.variablestarssouth.org
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_star
 https://www.cfa.harvard.edu/news/2009-23
 http://astro.unl.edu/naap/ebs/animations/ebs.html
 http://www.popastro.com/news/newsdetail.php?id_nw=174
 https://www.aavso.org/observed-minima-timings-eclipsing-
binaries
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_filter_array
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ASSA imaging group DSLR Photometry Talk 27 Nov 2015