Andhra Pradesh Priorities: Early Childhood Development - Shariff

1. Pre-school Education at Anganwadi Centers Abusaleh Shariff, US India Policy Institute, Washington DC and Amit Sharma, People Research on India’s Consumer Economy & The World Bank, New Delhi Andhra Pradesh Priorities conference, Vijayawada, June 18-20

2. Pre School Education at Anganwadi Centers PSE activities at AWCs: Stimulate child’s thinking and pedagogy • Free conversations • Story telling • Songs/poem recitation • Counting • Drawing/painting • Outdoor games • Puzzle solving • Matching colours and • Clay modeling

3. The good AWCs Source: Google

7. The not-so-good AWCs Source: Google

10. Importance and need of this study • Enrolment at Anganwadi Centers (AWCs) is low • Quality of pre-school education (PSE) at AWCs is rather low

11. Low level of enrolment at AWCs 70% 49% ENROLMENT (3-6 YRS OLD)* PSE ATTENDANCE (4 YRS OLD)** * The Planning Commission, 2011 ** ASER, 2017 PSE – Pre-school education

12. Low level of enrolment at AWCs • Investigators’ observations on accuracy of maintenance of different records (%AWC) Source: The Planning Commission, 2011 44% 45% 45% MAINTENANCE REGISTERS MAINTENANCE OF ATTENDANCE RECORDING INDIVIDUAL GROWTH CARDS

13. Low quality of education • Quality of pre-school education (PSE) at AWCs is rather low • Children spend only about 99 minutes per day on PSE by AWWs in AP • Only about one-half of all AWCs in India level are found to have basic facilities such as proper books, drawing materials, puzzles etc. • About three fourth of AWWs are educated up to class 10 or below

14. Responsibilities of Anganwadi Workers other than providing PSE 1. Providing supplementary feeding to children 2. Distributing take-home rations from the AWC 3. Organising immunisation sessions 4. Maintaining immunisation records to ensure full coverage 5. Distributing iron and folic acid (IFA) tablets 6. Treating minor illnesses and referring cases to medical centres whenever necessary 7. Weighing children and recording weights on a growth chart for growth monitoring and to detect growth faltering 8. Providing nutritional and health related advice to women and adolescent girls in the community 9. Maintaining birth records of all children born in the community covered by the AWCs 10. Other unplanned activities, e.g. handling door to door programs like Pilupu, Aadharana

15. Education Levels of Anganwadi Workers (Distribution) Source: The Planning Commission, 2011 25% 48% 11% 17% Upto Middle Matric (Class 10) HS (Class 12) Graduate & above

16. Impact of quality of tutoring at PSE level Source: ASER, 2017 ECEQAS – Coefficients for quality of programme attended by children SRI – School Readiness Instrument: used to test Children’s cognitive, pre-literacy, and pre-numeracy

17. Impact of quality of tutoring at PSE level Source: ASER, 2017

18. 1st analyzed solution Incentives given to children for attending AWC pre-schools

19. The solution • Incentives to be given to every child for attending AWC PSE • Equivalent to 5% of per capita GSDP of the state per annum (Experience from China) • ~ INR 6,000 per annum per child

20. Costs • Total estimated cost per child per annum – about Rupees 6000 • Total estimated cost of intervention per annum – Rupees 333 Crore

21. Benefits • An increase of 35% in enrolment in AWC PSE • Translates into enrolment of additional 1.13 lac 4-year-old children per year • An increase of 23% in labour market wages • Total estimated benefits of intervention per annum – Rupees 3,479 Crore

22. Summary 333 333 333 6,422 3,479 1,644 19 10 5 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 - 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 9,000 10,000 3% 5% 8% Cost Benefit BCR

23. 2nd analyzed solution Improvement in quality of pre-school education provided at AWCs

24. The solution • Hiring dedicated trained specialized pre-school volunteers from private sector to participate in delivering quality education at AWCs • JPAL study in rural Karnataka, 2017

25. Costs • Total estimated cost per child per annum – about Rupees 7000 • Total estimated cost of intervention per annum – Rupees 1,183 Crore

26. Benefits • An increase of 13.3% in labour market wages • Total estimated benefits of intervention per annum – Rupees 21,815 Crore

27. Summary 1183 1183 1183 41,603 21,815 9366 35 18 8 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000 3% 5% 8% Cost Benefit BCR

28. Thank you for your time

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Andhra Pradesh Priorities: Early Childhood Development - Shariff

Andhra Pradesh Priorities: Early Childhood Development - Shariff