1. Climate resilience animal feed
technologies and their replication
possibility in farmer’s field
Netra P. Osti, M. Husneid Azad, Bimala Shah and Chet. R. Upreti
Animal Nutrition Division, National Animal Science Research
Institute (NASRI)
2. Introduction
• Livestock plays an important role in national food
and nutrition security
• Feed covers most cost of production (over 70%) in
farm animal production
• Nepal lags behind to meet animal protein supply of
the national nutritional requirement of human need
for good health and prosperity
• Large number of farm animals and birds compared
with available land resources (for example in buffalo
- India the 1st, Pakistan 2nd , China 3rd and Nepal 4rth)
4. Introduction ……
• This low productivity of animal is mainly due to
– low supply of animal feed (36 % deficit) and quality of feeding
materials which emeses methane in the environment
– Low producing animal emeses more methane in the
environment
– diverse ecological region, erratic rainfall, continuous climate
change, migration of peoples to search employment and better
settlement
– Few commercial livestock farms are emerging with government
supports and by adopting available technology, still there is big
gaps
• in terms of knowledge, most of livestock owners are lack of
knowledge in animal production come from other background
• technology use, appropriate management practices,
• and continuous increasing food prices and high cost of production.
5. Technologies that capture Carbon and
Methane emission
Fodder tree Leaves
• Contain 12-16 % CP with 30-35 %
DM
• Good source of green fodder for
dry season
• Good fodder tree - Artocarpus
Lakucha, Bauhnea purpurea,
Litsea polyantha, Ficus
cunia/semicordata, Ficus lakor,
Ficus glomerata
• Less palatable and high Tanin
(above 5 %) contain - Terminelia
chebula, Terminalia belerica etc
6. Technologies that capture Carbon and
Methane emission ……..
• Roots and tubers - good
source of energy (3100
Kcal/kg) specially for
pigs
• Native as well as exotic
forage species of
grasses and legumes for
lean period feeding
8. Technologies that capture Carbon and Methane
emission ……..
Crop residues - (Rice and
wheat straw) can be
compressed and fortified
with energy (molasses,
protein (Urea), minerals
and vitamins could
maintain animal
production during feed
scarcity period (Dry
season in hills and rainy
season in Terai) up to 8 lit
milk/d was achieved
from 5 lit/d.
9. Technologies that capture Carbon and Methane
emission ……..
De-oiled Soybean
meals/cake (SBC) could
be use as rumen
protected protein (bypass
protein) for high yielding
dairy animals – Results
show 43 % (during dry
season) milk production
increased in on-station
and 20 % in on-farm
condition. But SBC totally
imported from aboard.
10. Technologies that capture Carbon and Methane
emission ……..
Feed conservation –
Sugarcane tops silage with 1
% urea (31 % increased in
milk production)
11. Technologies that capture Carbon and
Methane emission ……..……..
• Sugarcane Baggase -
produce in huge
amount in sugar mills
could be source of feed
(silage, block, fresh)
12. Technologies that capture Carbon and
Methane emission ……..……..
• Supplementation, fortification and addition
– Many feed resources have deficient one or more
nutrients that could be fulfill by supplementing
specific nutrient in animals feed, formulating non
ruminant diets by using local and nonconventional
fed ingredients need to fulfill deficient nutrients in
this case urea molasses mineral block (UMMB)
liking, synthetic amino acids (lysine & Met) can
supply deficient nutrients (protein, minerals and
vitamin) for particular areas and season.
13. Conclusion
• Fodder tree leaves, native as well as exotic forages, crop residues and crop
byproducts are the major sources of feeds in Nepal.
• Some supplementation technology like UMMB, nutrients data base, use of
fodder tree leaves in feeding during winter and dry season are well
adopted in farmer’s field which could reduces carbon and methane
emission from animals.
• Other new technologies sugarcane top silage, densification of high
volume rice and wheat straw (TMR), rumen protected protein (bypass
protein) and feed formulation technique by using nutrients content
database shown good results in terms of environment and animal
production, these technologies could be replication potentials in farmer’s
field in collaboration with Department of Livestock Services (DLS),
NGO/CBOs and farmer groups in near future.
