Wireless LAN Design and Deployment of Rich Media Networks

2. Agenda Wi-Fi Channel Bandwidth Management for Multiple Application Types AP3500 Configure for Capacity – Voice & Video Bandwidth for Call Admission Control Configure for best Channel Utilization – Data Rates, Legacy Beam Forming & Band Select 802.11 Channel Design for VDI Bringing 802.11n Enhancements together for a better Data, Voice, and Video WLAN WLAN QoS for Voice & Video BRKEWN-2000 © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 2

4. Cisco Media Ready Wireless LAN 802.11n BandSelect & Bandwidth LoadBalancing Cisco Media ReadyVideoStream WLAN End-to-End QoSClientLink Call Admission Control Scale Quality Spectrum Analysis BRKEWN-2000 © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 4

5. Three 5 Pound Bags 1 6 11 Throughput Data Rates 1997 about 1 & 2 Mbps 0.8 MbpsIf your 5 pound bag is full of 2Mbps traffic how are you going to fit in 300 Mbps BRKEWN-2000 © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 5

6. The Radio Frequency Protocols in Those Three2.4GHz Bags From Just Your Smart Phone Train Wreck Waiting to Happen•4 different Wi-Fi protocols 802.11, 802.11b, 802.11g, and 802.11n•3 different technologies 802.11 Wi-Fi , Wi-Fi Direct, and Bluetooth(BT)•3 different BT protocols and soon to be 4 1.2, 2.0 plus EDR, 3.0 plus HS, and 4.0 • BT specification information is in the addendum BRKEWN-2000 © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 6

7. Continued Train Wreck Waiting to Happen •Doing 3 different basic applications: • Voice, Video, and Data from the same device •How many different communication protocols are used in each of those applications? •How many of those applications are a direct port from Ethernet which does not have roaming? •When layer 2 changes, is the application still going to work? BRKEWN-2000 © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 7

9. Bluetooth Client Device Radios• Do you consider what your Bluetooth radios will do to the performance of the Wi-Fi radio of the colleague two cubes away from you?• The manufacturers and the specifications claim co-existence: •That is between that client‟s Wi-Fi radio and it‟s BT radio and the paired BT radio. Examples are BT headset, mouse and keyboard. •What happens during pairing? •What happens to the bandwidth of your neighbors? •What happens with BT 3.0?• You build a secure WLAN and then put all near data over an insecure BT PERSONAL AREA NETWORK (PAN) BRKEWN-2000 © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 9

11. Bluetooth Continued• When using a headset, the Wi-Fi voice packets will be replicated by the BT radio at much slower BT data rates on the 2.4GHz channels used by Wi-Fi.• In multichannel 2.4GHz Wlan, that means those slow BT packets will affect all Wi-Fi channels.• A BT chipset may be built for the 3.0 specification, but the BT driver may be using a earlier device code. • The previous slide shows early BT specification behavior. BRKEWN-2000 © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 11

12. Bandwidth Management With “Video Calling”: Now More Important Than Ever Recommendations: • 11n Packet Aggregation Configuration for Dense Video/Voice • Manage out all possible interferers • Manage out all possible low data rates • Use MIMO antenna technology to its fullest extent • Use Legacy Client Link and Future 802.11n Client Link • Use Band Select • Use Call Admission Control • Use Multicast Direct • Enable Windows XP and Windows 7 QoS BRKEWN-2000 © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 12

13. One Cius with Three Different ApplicationPacket Types This was Captured from the AP CLI -> Show Cont D1• 3 Wi-Fi Media Access Categories used Simultaneously on One WLAN SSID by the Cius• The WLAN is Configured for Voice The Voice AC Sent 30413 G722 Codec Packets The Video AC Sent 18647 Dynamic RTP Packets The Best Effort AC Sent 1220 ICMP Ping Reply Packets BRKEWN-2000 © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 13

14. Recommended EnterpriseA-MPDU and A-MSDU SettingsThe Current Default Settings are notOptimal for Densely Deployed WLANsBRKEWN-2000 © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 14

15. Recommended MPDU & MSDU Settings The 7.0.116.0 Default A-MPDU and A-MSDUDefault Recommended• A-MPDU • A-MPDU User Priority 0, 4, 5 = Enabled User Priority 0, 3, 4, 5 = Enabled User Priority 1, 2, 3, 6, 7 = Disabled User Priority 1, 2, 6, 7 = Disabled• A-MSDU • A-MSDU User Priority 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 = Enabled User Priority 1, 2 = Enabled User Priority 6, 7 = Disabled User Priority 0, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 = Disabled Check for Recommended Changes in each Code Release BRKEWN-2000 © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 15

16. A-MPDU & A-MSDU WLC Configuration • 11n Packet Aggregation Configuration for Dense Video/Voice • Recommended for WLAN Network with a dense Deployment of Video Call Capable Wi-Fi Phones Including: Skype, Face Time, Cisco Cius & Social Media  These configurations are on the CLI only: • Enable A-MPDU on UP 4,5 • Disable A-MSDU on 4,5,6 priorities. • Syntax -> config 802.11a 11nsupport a-mpdu tx priority <0-7> enable/disable • Examples -> config 802.11a 11nsupport a-mpdu tx priority 5 enable config 802.11a 11nsupport a-msdu tx priority 4 disable BRKEWN-2000 © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 16

22. Xoom, iPad, Galaxy Tab, Droid Charge, Cius& iPhone Different Devices with Different Levels of Wi-Fi and QoS support So, they Don’t ALL Behave the Same on Your Enterprise Network! BRKEWN-2000 © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 22

24. However They Can Share the Same WLAN Find the Common Ground • Create the WLAN for both 2.4GHz and 5GHz Wi-Fi Bands • Let the Device find the Best Band and Enable Cisco Band Select to Encourage the other devices to use 5GHz • Use a Security Type that is Common to All • Don‟t Expect • Them to Roam the Same on Channel Changes • Roaming Ultimately is Done at the Client Wi-Fi Driver Level • QoS Markings for Similar Applications Maybe Different at the Wi-Fi • Battery Saving Sleep Modes Will Differ • Best Practice for Smart Phones is Routinely Check for Firmware Updates • Apple Added Voice and Video 802.11e QoS in 4.3 • Wi-Fi Radio Power and Antenna Differ Note: The Above is also True of Laptops BRKEWN-2000 © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 24

25. 802.11e CAC for Video CallsTSPEC CAC and SIP CAC Share the Same Bandwidth Reservation. Video has a BW Reservation BRKEWN-2000 © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 25

27. Data Rates vs. Channel Utilization• Do you need 1997?• Do you need CAT3? 10GigCat6 Ethernet Cable?• Do you plug 10Mbps Ethernet NICs into 1 GIG switch ports?• Do you need 1997? That is the first year of Wi-Fi. 1 & 2Mbps• 1999 is 802.11b Wi-Fi and 5.5 & 11MbpsIs it time to re-cycle yourWLAN Bandwidth? BRKEWN-2000 © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 27

28. The Data Rate Influence on CAC Bandwidth• The denser the deployment of APs, the higher the first required data rate Tuned 802.11b/g Data Rates: (recommendation from Cisco)• If the AP deployment is not dense, the lower data rates may be necessary to provide coverage• With the G.711 codec and the overhead of the 802.11 protocol, the cell throughput does not increase at data rates above 24Mbps BRKEWN-2000 © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 28

29. Site Planning – Based on Application• Data • Rate & Range ABG• Voice ABG • Rate & User Density• Video ABG • Rate & User Density ABG• VDI • Rate & Range BRKEWN-2000 © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 29

31. What Is a Well Designed Coverage Plan?• Does 792x Work Well?• What is Current Channel Overlap?• What is the Current Range?• What are the Current Data Rates?• Are the Cells Built on -67dBm Edge?• What is the Wi-Fi Channel Utilization CU%? - Throughput Does Not Increase once the CU Reaches 33%. BRKEWN-2000 © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 31

32. Ideal Environment for 802.11b/g/a/n Phone Clients the Cell Edge Recommendation Is -67dBm.• A typical deployment showing a 10–15% overlap from each of the adjoining cells. Provides almost complete redundancy throughout the cell.• With 5GHz there are enough channels available there should be no need to have a co-channel design, but this would the recommendation for dense 5GHz deployments and for all 2.4GHz deployments• The same design principle applies for deployments using 802.11n APs. The RADIUS The separation of of the cell same channel cells should be: should be: 19 dB –67 dBm Channel 1 Channel 36 Channel 6 or Channel 44 -67dBm -86dBm Channel 11 Channel 149 This example shows just 3 of the 5GHz 11a or bounded 11n channels. BRKEWN-2000 © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 32

33. How to Measure and What to Measure 1 of 3 • The process is the same for 11b/g, 11a, 11n 20Mhz or 40Mhz wide. • More and more, the Design is about High Density Capacity. • How users and how calls are going to be needed in a certain coverage area. • Call Capacity Max is 26 Audio Calls per Wi-Fi Channel. • Co-Channel Interference, non-Wi-Fi Interference, Data, Video and CAC Configurations are going to reduce the MAX number of Calls BRKEWN-2000 © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 33

34. How to Measure and What to Measure 2 of 3• Capacity by Coverage Area becomes a DATA RATE and TRANSMIT POWER Configuration Issue.• Faster Data Rates = Smaller Cells• Lower Transmit Powers = Smaller Cells• Loss the Slow Data Rates and High TX Powers then the Cells will be Smaller.• Smaller Cells = More Cells = More Calls in a Coverage Area BRKEWN-2000 © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 34

35. How to Measure and What to Measure 3 of 3• TEST Set to “Disabled” all data rates except the estimated best fit data rate Use the Actual Clients that the User is going to use Do Live Calls with those Clients Check the RSSI Reading Off the AP Find the -67 dBm range by slowly moving away from the AP Now select a client radio to be the survey benchmark radio• Disable the Slow Data Rates and abandon High TX Powers -> the Cells will be Smaller• Smaller Cells = More Cells = More Calls in a Coverage Area BRKEWN-2000 © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 35

36. Measure the -67dBm Cell Size to the Clients• Pick Your Most Used Client or The Client That Your WLAN Network was Designed Around.• Find an Area in Your Facility Where That Device‟s Uplink is at -67dBm.• Move Your New Clients to that Area.• Then Measure the Uplink dBm Value of Those Clients. BRKEWN-2000 © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 36

38. SSID Planning Client/Application Types• Divide by application• Hardwired client capabilities• QoS capabilities• Coverage requirements• Capacity requirements• How many SSIDs? BRKEWN-2000 © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 38

40. Desktop Virtualization:NomenclatureDesktop Virtualization  End-to-End Suite of Technologies Desktop Streaming Architecture Application Virtualization  Supporting Terminal Services Rich Media VDI /UC Cisco Virtual Desktop  Enhanced VXI Infrastructure SecurityIndustry Terms for VDI: Gartner: “Hosted Virtual  Application Desktop” Acceleration IDC: “Centralized Virtual Desktop”  POE / Energy WiseBRKEWN-2000 © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 40

41. Cisco’s Vision for VXI“Deliver a superior collaboration and rich media user experience with best in class ROI in a fully integrated, open and validated desktop virtualization solution” Media Rich Experience Data Center / Virtualization VXI Virtual Security Workspace Borderless Collaboration TCO / ROI Networks Integrated System BRKEWN-2000 © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 41

42. Cius – A VXI Client Device• Cius unit requires call control support from CUCM 8.5.• 802.11a/b/g/n Wi-Fi for On/Off Campus Mobility  Single Stream• Seamless transition wired to wireless• Battery – 8 hours (normal usage)• Docking stations at desk• Future: 3G/4G data services BRKEWN-2000 © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 42

44. MIMO – MIMO – MIMOAccess Points• AP3500 – 802.11n with separate Spectrum Intelligence radios • AP3500i – Internal MIMO Antennas • AP3500e – External MIMO Antenna support • http://www.cisco.com/en/US/prod/collateral/wireless/ps5678/ps10981/data_sheet_c78-594630.html• CleanAir Technology • Simplify wireless operations with: • Automatic interference mitigation for better reliability and performance • Remote troubleshooting for fast problem resolution and less downtime • Robust security with non-Wi-Fi detection for off-channel rogues • Policy enforcement with customizable alerts to prohibit devices that interfere with the network • http://www.cisco.com/en/US/solutions/collateral/ns340/ns394/ns348/ns1070/aag_c22-594304.pdf• AP1260 – 802.11n External MIMO Antenna support • Same as the AP3500e but without Spectrum Intelligence radio • http://www.cisco.com/en/US/prod/collateral/wireless/ps5678/ps10980/data_sheet_c78-593663.html• The AP3500s and AP1260 have the same housing and PoE requirements as the AP1140BRKEWN-2000 © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 44

52. Wi-Fi 802.11e CAC & SIP CACSIP Based QoS (WLC code stream 6.0) • Intercept and snoop SIP traffic (AP: Upstream, WLC: downstream) to determine voice session and set QoS • RFC 3261 compliant clientSIP Based CAC (WLC code stream 7.0) Adding to the SIP Based QoS of Release 6 • Enable the network to roam voice session between APs based on available bandwidth • Feature is applicable to SIP phone w/o TSPEC. • Bandwidth parameters are configured manually on per session basesThe WLC has 1 Media Time ParameterThe Wi-Fi has 1 Channel Utilization Value for the AP‟s Radio BRKEWN-2000 © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 52

54. Cius WLAN Voice & Video Packet Count 5.3% 256-511 29.0% 10.0% 128-255 2048-2346 4.3% 1024-2048 50.9% 512-1023Percentage wise, by packet count, the Voice and Video are fairly similar.But the Video packets are nearly 4 times bigger. Therefore taking upsubstantially more bandwidth, if assigned the same QoS as Voice packets.BRKEWN-2000 © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 54

55. Cius WLAN Voice & Video Byte CountPercentage wise, by packet size, the Voice used 20% of the bytes andVideo used 77.7% of the bytes, taking up substantially more bandwidth.The Video packets of the 9971‟s ranged from 110 to 939 bytes.BRKEWN-2000 © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 55

58. IP Communicatorin SIP Mode &Without WindowsQoS Enabled • Client Voice packet has a 802.11 UP = 0 with a DSCP = EF • Client Video packet has a 802.11 UP = 0 with a DSCP = AF BRKEWN-2000 © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 58

60. APForwardedVideoDecode• Forwarded Client Video packet has a 802.11 UP = 0 and maintains DSCP = AF• The Video is not given the 802.11 upgrade because the WLAN is „Voice‟. BRKEWN-2000 © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 60

61. Key Takeaways• Smart Phones capabilities are changing rapidly. Regularly review what devices in your environment and their Wi-Fi and BT behaviors are.• 802.11n Packet Aggregation configuration recommendations are likely to change in the next couple code releases. Check the release notes for possible updates on configurations.• BT and Wi-Fi Direct do share the same frequencies as Wi-Fi and will consume channel bandwidth. Claims that they are not is untrue.• MIMO Antennas and Beam Forming are your friends. BRKEWN-2000 © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 61

62. Complete Your Online Session Evaluation• Receive 25 Cisco Preferred Access points for each session evaluation you complete.• Give us your feedback and you could win fabulous prizes. Points are calculated on a daily basis. Winners will be notified by email after July 22nd.• Complete your session evaluation online now (open a browser through our wireless network to access our portal) or visit one of the Internet stations throughout the Convention Center.• Don‟t forget to activate your Cisco Live and Networkers Virtual account for access to all session materials, communities, and on- demand and live activities throughout the year. Activate your account at any internet station or visit www.ciscolivevirtual.com. BRKEWN-2000 © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 62

65. On Hook Thank you.Skinny Client Control Protocol Data Length: 4 Reserved: 0x00000000 Message ID: 0x00000007On Hook Message BRKEWN-2000 © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 65

68. Show 802.11a AP Radio Information Via AP Console ( Serial or Telnet)• User Access Verification• Username: cisco• Password:• AP0022.90e3.373c>en• Password:• AP0022.90e3.373c# show controller d1• interface Dot11Radio1• Radio AIR-AP1140A, Base Address 0021.1bfc.4280, BBlock version 0.00, Software version 2.10.3• Serial number: FHH123000CW• Number of supported simultaneous BSSID on Dot11Radio1: 16• Carrier Set: Americas (OFDM) (US) (-A)• Uniform Spreading Required: Yes• Configured Frequency: 5745 MHz Channel 149 BRKEWN-2000 © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 68

69. Continuing ‘show cont d1’ From the AP• QBSS Load: 0x6, Policing Stats: Rx downgrades 112, Tx downgrades 0• Classifier Stats tx_on_up6 0, tx_on_up4 2211• Configured Local Access Class Parameters• Back : cw-min 4 cw-max 10 fixed-slot 7 admission-cont• Best : cw-min 4 cw-max 10 fixed-slot 3 admission-control Off txop 0• Video : cw-min 3 cw-max 4 fixed-slot 2 admission-control Off txop 0• Voice : cw-min 2 cw-max 3 fixed-slot 2 admission-control On txop 0• SIP stats sip_udp_rx_pkt 1162, sip_tcp_rx_pkt 1049,• downlink classified_pkt 38803,• uplink classified_pkt 39408,• num_processed_SIP_Calls 16• Transmit queues: In Progress 0• ---- Active --- In-Progress --------------- Counts --------------• Cnt Quo Bas Max Cnt Quo Bas Sent Discard Fail Retry Multi• Uplink 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0• Voice 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 73345 0 2 4470 1777• Video 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 370 0 0 26 10• Best 0 3 646 3 0 3 150 4941 0 0 67 34 BRKEWN-2000 © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 69

72. Tracing Voice QoS Marking with Snooping • This is the original packet from the PC client radio to the AP. • This is a voice packet from a softphone application. • The 802.11 header and IP header have QoS values of „0‟ • RTP Sequence number is x‟10B6‟.BRKEWN-2000 © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 72

73. The Client Packet Sequence Number • This is the second have of the packet from the PC client radio to the AP. • The original voice packet from the softphone application has a RTP sequence number of 4278 (hex 10B6). • The 802.11 header and IP header have QoS values of „0‟BRKEWN-2000 © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 73

74. The Client Packet Between the AP and WLC • This is the same packet with a CAPWAP wrapper. • The packet is being forwarded by the AP to the WLC. • The original voice packet from the softphone application has a RTP sequence number of 4278 (hex 10B6). • The CAPWAP header has voice QoS.BRKEWN-2000 © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 74

76. IP Communicator 8.6 on W7 with QoS• HD Video – Call• Voice G722 Packet• DSCP = AF (41)• 802.11e User Priority (UP) = 4• The Typical VoWLAN UP Would Be 6 BRKEWN-2000 © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 76

77. Same Call – This Is Next IP Comm Packet• Dynamic RTP Packet• DSCP = AF (41)• 802.11e UP = 4• The Typical VoWLAN UP Would Be 5• This Keeps Both Packets in the Same 802.11e Access Category (AC), and Therefore Serialized Media Access BRKEWN-2000 © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 77

79. Basic BT Spec Basics Maximum Permitted Power Range Class mW dBm (approximate) Class 1 100 20 ~100 meters Class 2 2.5 4 ~10 meters Class 3 1 0 ~1 meter Version Data Rate Maximum Application Throughput Version 1.2 1 Mbps 0.7 Mbit/sVersion 2.0 + EDR 2-3 Mbps 2.1 Mbit/s (note: only with AMP, and depends on theVersion 3.0 + HS Perhaps 24 Mbit/s AMP. BT itself remains 2.1 Mbit/s max) (note: only with AMP, and depends on the Version 4.0 Perhaps 24 Mbit/s AMP. BT itself remains 2.1 Mbit/s max) Alternative MAC and PHY (AMP) Implementation Bluetooth - From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia BRKEWN-2000 © 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 79

Wireless LAN Design and Deployment of Rich Media Networks

Cisco Mobility

Wireless LAN Design and Deployment of Rich Media Networks