Targeting Improved Cropping Systems in Poverty-Prone Coastal Zones of South Asia

1. Targeting Improved Cropping Systems in Poverty-Prone Coastal Zones of South Asia IRRI CPWF-G1 Team : Parvesh Kr Chandna, Andy Nelson, Zahirul Khan, Moqbul Hossain, Sohel Rana, Fazlur Rashid , M Mondal, T.P Toung

2. Drought - Boro Soil Salinity Water Salinity Water logging Mul$ple Stresses Flash Floods + Drought Soil/Water salinity + drought Salinity + drought + Zn Flash Floods + Stagnant Flood Status of Zn in Soil Bhola Barisal Patuakhali Bhola Barisal Bhola Barisal Bhola Barisal May, 2012 KHULNA BARISAL

3. How to target more efficiently for accelerated dissemination of technologies ? ? ? ??? Traditional approach may not work ?? Traditional approach is okay for regional level planning but how to target technologies at local level

4. Technology/System Based Approach Extrapolation Domains

5. Study Area: experimental sites Study Area Polder 3,- High saline zone Polder 30,- Medium saline zone Polder 43/2F - Low saline zone

6. “What Where and When?” “Data Data Data” and more Data Extrapolation domains are about

7. Objective: To develop and refine extrapolation domain methods and maps to target improved cropping systems for increased productivity in coastal zones of Bangladesh

8. v Study Area v Material & methods v Results v Conclusion & Recommendations & v WebGIS, data sharing IRRI

9. Existing system for validation (1) Aman – Rabi crop (2) Aus - Aman (3) Aman - Shrimp (4) Year round aquaculture Innovative systems for targetting (1) Aman (HYV) - Rabi (HVC) (2) Aus – Aman - boro (3) Aus - Aman - Rabi crop (4) Aman (HYV)-Boro(HYV) (5) Aus (HYV) – Aman (HYV) (6) Year round polyculture (7) Shrimp - Rice Proposed number of domains to map Material and methods

10. Aman - boro Water quality and availability in dry season Description of Land use type(technology) Fresh (< 4dS/m), ground water availability and pumping depth Month when river water still remain fresh (<4 dS/m) Internal storage capacity in relation to land area (ML/ha) Proximity to river, canal, ponds (m) Difference (m) in high water level in Mar and land surface for gravity irrigation (m) boro rice is seeded around 15 Nov. (MS) to 15 Dec (LS). Aman rice is rain fed. boro rice is irrigated with river water (when fresh) or with water stored in canal networks. Yes, < 6 m S1 March S1 > 5 S1 <50 S1 > 1 S1 Yes, 7 -20 m S2 Feb S2 2.5 - 5 S2 50-100 S2 0.5 - 1 S2 yes, > 20 S3 Jan S3 1 - 2.5 S3 100-300 S3 0.2 - 0.5 S3 No SN Dec SN <1 SN >300 SN < 0.2 SN Aman - boro Water quality and availability in wet season Description of Land use type(technology) Maximum inundation depth (m) in August (one week) Maximum inundation depth (m) for less than 2 weeks in Sep/Oct Difference (m) in land surface and low water level in Sep/Oct for drainage Aman HYV rice is transplanted in July- August, to be harvested by the end of November (Moderate Salinity zone) or December (low saline zone). < 0.1 S1 < 0.2 S1 > 1 S1 0.1 – 0.2 S2 0.2 – 0.5 S2 0.5 - 1 S2 0.2 – 0.3 S3 0.5 – 0.8 S3 0.2 – 0.5 S3 > 0.3 SN > 0.8 SN < 0.2 SN S1 = Most Suitable S2 = Suitable S3 = Marginally Suitable SN = Not Suitable Water requirements for Aman - boro

11. Fresh groundwater (< 4dS/m) Tubewell? Tubewell depth (m) Month when river water (< 3 dS/m) Storage capacity (ML/ ha) Proximity to fresh SW source (m) Suitability for HYV boro rice crop Yes No Shallow Deep < 6 7 - 20 Mar Feb Jan Dec > 20 2.5 - 5 1- 2.5 2.5 - 5 1 – 2.5 < 100 > 100 < 100 > 100 < 100 > 100 < 100 > 100 S1 S1 S2 S3 S1 S1 S2 S2 S3 S2 S3 S3 SN SN Groundwater Surface water

12. Irriga$on with GW 1 Fresh (< 4dS/m) ground water availability 2 Ground water pumping depth Irriga$on with SW 3 Latest month when river water <3 dS/m 4 Maximum river water salinity in April/May 5 Maximum river water salinity in August 6 Difference in high water level in April and land surface for gravity irrigaKon 7 Difference in high water level in March and land surface for gravity irrigaKon 8 Difference (m) in land surface and high water level in Mar/Apr for irrigaKon 9 Storage capacity 10 Proximity to river, canal, ponds, for irrigaKon Drainage 11 Proximity to river, canal, for drainage 12 Maximum inundaKon depth/land type 13 Maximum inundaKon depth for > three days in May 14 Maximum inundaKon depth in September/October 15 Maximum inundaKon depth for > one week in September/October 16 Maximum inundaKon depth for > two weeks in September/October 17 Difference in land surface and low water level in May for drainage 18 Difference in land surface and low water level in September/October for drainage Soil 19 Soil texture 20 Soil pH 21 Soil salinity gher water 22 lowest water salinity during January and highest during April (ppt) 23 InundaKon depth/land type Climate 24 Weekly air minimum temperature at stocking 25 Weekly mean minimum air temperature in January 26 Two-‐week mean air temperature in December and January 27 CumulaKve rainfall in July & August Social and economic 28 Livelihood/asset index 29 Technology adopKon index

13. Soil pHSoil texture Min temp – 8th-14th Feb Soil salinity Water salinity Example: Input datasets Flood inundation depth IRRI

14. Percentage of small farms, <1ha Percentage of leased land Through our partners we have obtained the 2011 population and 2008 agricultural census’ at village level. This is a huge and still untapped resource. Example: Input dataset IRRI Values in percent

15. Results IRRI

16. Results Improved systems… Not Suitable Marginal Suitable Marginally suitable = 330,000 ha Suitable area = 180,000 ha IRRI 300-500 M USD/Yr additional income by introduction of drought tolerant cultivar in Boro season or rabi crop GIS Lab, SSD, IRRI- Parvesh Kr Chandna@2014 – Unpublished

17. Results Improved systems… Extrapolation Domains : Aus (HYV)-Aman (HYV)-Rabi cropping system Not Suitable Marginal Suitable Marginally suitable = 500,000 ha Suitable area = 16,000 ha IRRI GIS Lab, SSD, IRRI- Parvesh Kr Chandna@2014 – Unpublished

18. Extrapolation Domains at Polder Level Aman (HYV) Conflict area : rice and shrimp farmersAman (HYV)–Boro(AYV) Year Round AquacultureShrimp -AmanAus (HYV) Polder 44

19. Livelihood Index Z score values GIS Lab, SSD, IRRI- Parvesh Kr Chandna@2014 – Unpublished Approximate 2149 villages are categorized under low or very low livelihood levels IRRI

20. Improved Targeting – Extrapolation domains for Aman (HYV)-Boro(HYV) Preference zoning for woman led targeting Preference zones GIS Lab, SSD, IRRI- Parvesh Kr Chandna@2014 – Unpublished

21. Recommendations v Extrapolation domains of different cropping systems facilitate improved & accelerated targeting which can lead to higher cropping intensity and productivity and income There is a need of paradigm shift from traditional to system/technology based approach for targeting technologies

22. WebGIS – http://gangesriverbasin.blogspot.com

23. Remote Sensing/GIS based methods developed in the project has impact across the region, organizaKons and projects -‐ Suitable for South and South-‐east Asia -‐ STRASA, CSISA and many other mega projects -‐ High demand of products from NaKonal and InternaKonal Partners Scope and Poten$al Impact Project personnel and their ins$tu$ons IRRI(Lead Centre) -‐ Andy Nelson , Parvesh Kr Chandna and TP Toung Na$onal Partners Soil Research Development InsKtute (SRDI), Bangladesh -‐ Moqbul Hossain InsKtute of Water Modeling (IWM), Bangladesh -‐ Zahirul Khan Bangladesh Water Development Board (BWDB), Bangladesh -‐ Fazlur Rahid Local Government Engineering Department (LGED), Bangladesh -‐ Sohel Rana IRRI

24. Thank you IWM LGED IRRI SRDI BWDB

Targeting Improved Cropping Systems in Poverty-Prone Coastal Zones of South Asia

International Water Management Institute (IWMI)

Targeting Improved Cropping Systems in Poverty-Prone Coastal Zones of South Asia