By G.Nihorimbere* and F.Kameya *Corresponding author: nihorimbereg@yahoo.fr

1. Selecting high yielding and disease tolerant wheat varieties in
the highlands of Burundi
Kameya Ferdinand1, Nihorimbere Gaspard1
1 Institut des Sciences Agronomiques du Burundi (ISABU)
1. Introduction 3. Results and discussion
 The Munanira site has performed better than other sites.
 Wheat is grown in Mugamba and Bututsi natural regions which are high areas
with altitude of more than 1900 m.  In all sites, the 11st HRWYT 12 variety had yield above 3T/ha.
 The national production is around 12.000 T produced on 10.000 hectares.  At Gisozi, the yield of 1st ISWSN 64 variety was more than 4t/ha.
 At Mahwa, the BW 417 variety had yield of more than 3 t / ha.
 The production is under local need which is estimated at 60.000T/an.
 At Munanira, the BW 385 variety had a return of more than 5 t / ha (Table 1).
 National production bought by flour mills not exceeding 500 kg / year in 2010.  In addition, the severity of brown, yellow and black rusty for all those varieties was
between 0 and 5%.
 Nearly all the quantity of wheat used in Burundi is imported from abroad.
Table 1: Yield (t / ha) of wheat varieties in 3 sites traditional culture
 The objective of this research was to develop high yielding and disease
tolerant varieties.
Varieties Gisozi Mahwa Munanira moyenne
BW 385 3.975 ab 2.775 a 5.250 a 4.000
BW388 2.950 b 2.375 a 4.125 a 3.150
BW 384 3.725 ab 2.750 a 4.800 a 3.758
2. Materials and methods 1st ISWSN 64 4.125a 2.800 a 3.975 a 3.633
Mbayuwayu 2.125c 2.275 a 2.050 b 2.150
 The new access of CIMMYT have been tested at Gisozi ISABU station as a
sorting attempt. BW 411 3.150 ab 2.800 a 4.150 a 3.367
BW 412 3.575 ab 2.075 a 3.975 a 3.208
 The best accesses have been conducted in preliminary trial of yield which was BW 417 3.500 ab 3.125 a 4.025 a 3.550
installed at Gisozi ISABU station, The tested accesses were compared whith
15st SAWSN 1 4.100 a 2.750 a 3.925 a 3.592
the disseminated variety: BW 388
11st HRWYT 12 3.250 ab 3.100 a 3.700 a 3.350
 The observed variables were heading, height, maturity, disease, yield and its Mean 3.448 2.683 3.998 3.376
components (Weight of 1000 grains, number of ears per m2, number of grains
per m²).
Means with the same letters in columns are not significantly different at p ≤ 0.05
 After the evaluation of those varieties in station, they have been conducted in
multilocal trials at Gisozi, Mahwa and Munanira.
 The soil of Gisozi was humic Kaolisol, the soil of Munanira and Mahwa was
Ferralsol according to INEAC classification .
 At Gisozi, the altitude is 2000-2100 m, the average temperature was 16 ° C
and rainfall of 1460 mm / year. At Munanira, the altitude is between 1900-2000
m, the average temperature was 18 ° C and rainfall of 1400 mm / year. At
Mahwa the average temperature was 17.2 ° C and rainfall of 1292.3 mm.
 In all sites, rusts have been evaluated using the modified scale of Cobb while
septoria have been evaluated using Saari-Prescott scale.
 The experimental design used was randomized blocks with 4 replications. The
basic plot was 9 m2. The distance between rows was 20 cm. The distance
between plots was 50 cm while the distance between the blocks was 1 m. The
organic and mineral fertilization has been performed respectivily at doses of 5
t / ha and using 60-60-30 units NPK / ha at sowing and 40-0-0 after the first
weeding.
 In order to highlight the impact of diseases, there no pesticide has been
supplied . The data has been collected and analyzed using Genstat discovery
4th Edition software.
4. Conclusion
.
 HRWYT 15th 12, BW 385, 11st and 1st SAWSN1, ISAWSN 64 Varieties have been
identified and proposed for dissemination in Burundi. Their adoption will increase
yield by 200% compared to the yield obtained with local varieties: Maringa, Cowbird
and Romany.
5. Acknowledgements
The authors thank PRASAB project for funding this research
.