Policy Network Analysis on REDD+
A preliminary results of Indonesia’s PNA study phase 3*
Bimo Dwi Satrio, Moira Moeliono, Deandra Atmojo, Muhammad Ichsan
*a work in progress, please do not cite

Networks are everywhere

Background
• Quantitative social network analysis techniques -a method
used to investigate social structures- is the foundation of
policy network analysis (Börzel 1997, Wasserman and Faust
1994).
• “A policy network is constituted from the patterns of resource
interdependencies between policy actors. Resource
interdependence means organizations have to bargain with
one another if they are to secure policy outcomes” (Smith
1997)
• REDD+ envisioned as network governance – multistakeholders
consultations – building a REDD+ network

Policy network analysis of REDD+ policy processes
• “National REDD+ policy progress has so far been
slower than expected” (Brockhaus et al. 2014)
• “A policy network approach can support to
investigate some key determinants of policy making
REDD+ policy domain” (Ibid et al. 2014).
• Survey tools and data collection:
o Organizational survey: stances, networks, policy
and protest events
o Semi structured interviews: in-depth discussions
on four topics

Indonesia’s PNA study Phase 3
• Review 2015 survey (130 &
83 actors) and other docs +
expert panel (Govt., Buss.,
NGOs, & Univ.) for policy
domain: 55 core
organizations (53 out of 55
interviewed): 96% response
rate
• 53 actors participated in
survey, network, and semi-
structured interview & 2
rejected
• 10 out of 15 org types
• June to October 2019
Org. Category Total participation
Government, state agencies and
expressly political organizations
12
National research Institutes
(domestic)
3
National business organizations
(domestic)
7
Domestic environmental NGOs 8
Domestic NGOs with other
interests
1
International Environmental
NGOs and Networks
9
International NGOs with other
interests
1
Intergovernmental
Organizations
5
International research institutes 2
Foreign government agencies 5
Total 53

REDD+ progress in Indonesia
2018-2019
2017-2018
Ministry of Environment
and Forestry released
four Ministerial
Regulation No. 70-
73/2017 on REDD+
14 August 2018
WRI released article on
Indonesia’s deforestation
(tree cover loss) dropped
60 percent in 2017
16 February 2019
Indonesia reports
reduced deforestation,
triggering first carbon
payment from Norway
07 August 2019
Inpres No. 5/2019
Permanent termination for
new licenses and
improvement of primary
forest and peatland
governance
12 June 2019
Perpres No. 39/2019
Indonesia One Data
Policy
10 October 2019
Launching BPDLH for
REDD+ financing

REDD+ progress in Indonesia
• REDD+ is now managed by MoEF as a results of
streamlined bureaucracy
• Indonesia ratified the Paris Agreement (UU
No.16/2016 and follows the Katowice Package
• Indonesia 1st NDC: 17.2% out of 29% ER from forestry
sector; 2 out of 4 mitigation activities are under REDD+
scheme
• REDD+ architecture are ready: REDD+ Nat.Stra., FREL,
NFMS/MRV, SIS, SRN, PSA on Env. Fund Mgmt.
• Indonesia is now in the third phase with pending
payment

Policy Events
1. PP No.46/2017: Environmental Economic
Instruments
2. Inpres No. 6/2017: Moratorium of primary
forest and peatland governance and new license
issuance  Inpres No.5/2019: permanence
3. PermenLHK No. P.70/2017: Technical guidance
on REDD+ implementation
4. Inpres No. 8/2018: Moratorium and evaluation
of licenses and productivity enhancement of oil
palm

Influential actors
Diagram 3. N1 degree centrality (most influential actors) of PNA 3
Diagram 1. N1All degree centrality (most influential actors) of PNA1 Diagram 2. N1All degree centrality (most influential actors) of PNA2

Influential Actors
Org_id
N1
Indeg
Govt 50
Govt 39
Donor 36
Local NGO 34
Govt 33
Intergovt 33
Int. Rsch 32
Intergovt 30
Local NGO 29
Int. NGO 29
Diagram 4. N1All Eigenvector of PNA 3
Org_id
N1
Eigenvector
Govt 0.199
Local NGO 0.198
Intergovt 0.185
Int. Rsch 0.18
Intergovt 0.178
Local
Business 0.176
Local
thinkthank 0.175
Local
Business 0.171
Donor 0.168
Local NGO 0.168

Information Exchange
Diagram 6. N2 betwenness centrality
Diagram 5. N2 closeness centrality

Scientific Information
Org_id N3 Indeg
Int. Rsch 27
Govt. 19
Local Rsch 15
Int. NGO 15
Int. Rsch 14
Intergovt 12
Intergovt 10
Intergovt 9
Int. NGO 7
Donor 6
Diagram 7. N3 degree centrality

Resources exchange
Diagram 8. N4 degree centrality (resources given to)
Org.Id N4 Indeg
Govt. 11
Int. Rsch 6
Local Rsch 5
Int. NGO 5
Govt 4
Local Rsch 4
Local NGO 4
Int. NGO 4
Int. Rsch 4
Govt. 3
Org.Id N5 Indeg
Donor 16
Donor 7
Donor 7
Intergovt. 6
Intergovt. 5
Local NGO 4
Donor 4
Intergovt 4
Int. NGO 3
Intergovt. 3
Diagram 9. N5 degree centrality (resources received from)

Disagreement
Org.Id N6 Indeg
Govt. 13
Local Business 8
Local Business 8
Local NGO 6
Local NGO 5
Govt. 4
Govt. 4
Govt. 3
Govt. 3
Govt. 3
Diagram 10. N6 degree centrality

Collaboration
• Collaboration towards multistakeholder although REDD+ process
progressing in the background
Diagram 11. N7 degree centrality

Preliminary Findings
• Two ministries related to CC are influential: one control the
land (forest area), the other control the national budget
planning
• Donors related to REDD+, NGO related to indigenous people,
ministry related to RBP are among the top five influential
actors
• However, eigenvector calculation shows that those NGO with
speed dial to minister receive extra influence while
intergovernmental org. who promise to disburse REDD+
resource also gaining popularity

Preliminary Findings
• Both the REDD+ authority and its ‘EO’ have control and
access to REDD+ information for other orgs.
• Forestry research org. and REDD+ authority referred to as
the most trusted and reliable source of REDD+ scientific
info which also received the most funding to provide the
info
• Meanwhile, the REDD+ donors keep their commitment to
support resources although RBP is not yet implemented:
“money for info not carbon”
• Orgs are simultaneously disagreeing and collaborating
with REDD+ authority

Future prospects for REDD+ in Indonesia
• Concentrated power of REDD+ but multistakeholder is visible
• REDD+ has inspired policy reform and enhancement of forest
and natural resource governance (Dir. Mitigation, MoEF)
• Fundings is in the pipeline: Indonesia-Norway, FCPF CF, FCPF
BioCF, GCF, positive incentive, Village fund, Natbudget, and
others
• Symbiosis mutualism: is collaboration is more profiting than
competition?
• 2020 may become the new momentum for REDD+ as Paris
Agreement kick off
• However, business sector related to carbon trading is
marginalized in the latest REDD+ under NDC regime? How the
role of private sector can help reduce emission?

cifor.org
forestsnews.cifor.org
ForestsTreesAgroforestry.org
THANK YOU
*A WORK IN PROGRESS, PLEASE DO NOT CITE