Director of Soil and Water Conservation
POLICY AND IMPLEMENTATION OF MANGROVE
STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT PLAN
Dr. Muhammad Firman
Presented at The 3rd Asia Pacific Rainforest Summit
Yogyakarta, 24 April 2018
Ministry of Environment
and Forestry, Republic of
Indonesia

WHAT IS BLUE CARBON ?
o Blue carbon is the carbon
captured by living organisms
in those ecosystems and is
stored in the form of biomass
within sediments from
mangroves, salt marshes and
sea grasses.
Carbon color:
1. Black carbon  emissions from fossil fuels, biofuels
and wood burning.
2. Brown carbon is Green House Gases (a gas which
absorbs radiation and traps heat in the earth’s
atmosphere, e.g. CO2  main actor in global climate
change issue
3. Green carbon is carbon removed by photosynthesis
and stored in the plants and soil of natural ecosystems
and is a vital part of the global carbon cycle.
4. Blue carbon is the carbon captured by oceans and
coastal ecosystem.

North and Central
America
2.429.910 Ha
14.7%
South America
2.595.210 Ha
15.7%
West and Central
Africa
2.181.960 Ha
13.2%
East and South Africa
859.560 Ha
5.2%
South Asia
1.124.040 Ha
6.8%
South East Asia
5.537.550 Ha
33.5%
Middle East
66.120 Ha
0.4%
East Asia
16.530 Ha
0.1%
Australia/New Zealand
1.107.510 Ha
6.7%
Pacific Ocean
611.610 Ha
3.7%
Indonesia has 3.49 mill ha
20% of world's
mangrove forests
Total mangrove forest area
of the world is
16,53 million ha
Biodiversity Index
1 - 2
3 - 4
5 - 8
9 - 12
13 - 16
17 - 20
21 - 25
26 - 35
36 - 40
41 - 47
Source : World ATLAS of Mangroves
STATUS IN MANGROVE AREA WORLDWIDE

Total Mangrove Forest
Area in Indonesia is
3,49 million ha
1,82 million ha
In degraded condition
- State forest 1,27 mill ha (70%)
- Non-state/private forest 0,55 mill
ha (30%)
1,67 million ha
In good condition
- State forest 0,9 mill ha (54%)
- Non-state forest 0,77 mill ha
(46%)
CURRENT CONDITION OF MANGROVE IN INDONESIA
Mangrove Ecosystem Rehabilitation Managing Sustainable Mangrove Ecosystem
Land
preparation
Ecotourism
developing
Carbon sink and
reduce GHGs
Increasing marine
products such as
fish and crab
Seedling
supply
Indentified
indicative
location
Plant
maintenance
Planting
Endure from
environmental
damage and
disaster
Promote
NTFP
Derivate

Indonesia is losing 52.000 hectares of mangroves per year, or the equivalent of three football fields of mangroves per week.
Causes of Mangrove Deforestation
Waste and chemical pollution. Encroachment, illegal logging and
over exploitation.
Carbon stocks and potential
emissions due to mangrove loss
Source : Center for International Forestry Research
is equal to
4,38 billion
metric tons
Total carbon stocks from
mangrove in Indonesia
4,4 billion
car gases emissions.
5
Increase of abrasion rate 1950
ha/year along 420 km
Source : Conservation International
Mangrove conversion to agriculture,
aquaculture, and infrastructure
(most significant factor).
FACTORS CONTRIBUTE TO MANGROVE DEFORESTATION IN INDONESIA
Due to mangrove
degradation carbon loss
will increase, the
calculations from CI’s
research method are as
folow 

The Government Regulations Law Number 76 Year 2008 concerning Forest Rehabilitation
and Reclamation.
The Presidential Decree Number 73 Year 2012 concerning National Strategy on Mangrove
Ecosystem Management.
The Law Number 41 Year 1999 concerning Forestry.
The Authority of Minister of Environment and Forestry of Indonesia Law Number
P.09/Menhut-II/2013 jo P.39 Year 2016 concerning Procedures for Implementation,
Supporting Activities and Incentives for Forest and Land Rehabilitation.
The Director General Regulation Number 8 Year 2016 concerning Technical Guidance on
Forest and Land Rehabilitation Activities.
The Authority of the Coordinating Minister for Economic Affairs No. 4 Year 2017
concerning Policy, Strategy, Program and Performance Indicators of National Mangrove Ecosystem
Management.
Presidential Decree No. 32 of 1990 on the Management of Protected Areas.
POLICY FRAMEWORK
The Presidential Decree Number 9 Year 2016 concerning One Map as a Guidance for
Mangrove Management.

The Presidential Decree
No. 73 Year 2012 
National Strategy on
Mangrove Ecosystem
Management)
The Authority of the
Coordinating Minister for
Economic Affairs No. 4
Year 2017
 Policy, Strategy,
Program and
Performance Indicators
of National Mangrove
Management
 Consist of four aspects
: Ecology, Social
economy, Institution,
Regulation
POLICY FRAMEWORK OF NATIONAL STRATEGY ON MANGROVE MANAGEMENT
Ecology Social Economy Institution Regulation
Minimize mangrove
ecosystem
convertion
Promote wellware
through
Empowering
Community, social
forestry program,
Partnership with
private sectors etc
Capacity Building of
local community,
local Gov, research
Instl, sians & tech,
Information system
Developing
integrated
regulation among
stakeholder which
promote
investment
Promote
Bioderversity
Protection Fungtion
Promote NTFP,
ecoturism, Natural
Services
Developing and
anhancement
National and
Provinncial
Mangrove Working
Group
Promote
participation
stakeholder
Goverment, Local
Gov, Community
and Private Sectors
Coastel Line
Protection
Promote
coordination
among stakeholder
Restoration /
rehabiitation of
mangrove
ecosystem
(includes
Developing
National Action
Plan and National
Mangrove Map)

MoEF Inter-Ministerial
1. National Strategy Plan and
Policy on Mangrove
Ecosystem Management
(10 years).
2. Middle Term (5 years)
National Plan for Land and
Forest Rehabilitation of
Mangrove (2.500 Ha by
MoEF budget).
1. Follow-up Regulation of
the Coordinating Minister
for Economic Affairs No. 4
Year 2017.
2. Establishing and
implementing
activities/action plans:
rehabilitation 60.000
ha/year until 2045.
Continued...

The government targets the recovery of 1.82 million Ha of mangrove ecosystems by 2045
Will be achieved by rehabilitating ​​60,000 Ha/year
9
2019
1,75 juta ha
2017
1,69 juta ha
2034
2,70 juta ha
2045
3,49 juta ha
2093
3,49 juta ha
Rehabilitation Target of Mangrove Ecosystem
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2060 2070 2080 2090 2100
LuasMangrove(jutaHa)
Tahun
Regulation of the
Coordinating Minister
for Economic Affairs
No. 4 Year 2017.
Middle Term
National Plan (5
years) for Land
and Forest
Rehabilitation of
NATIONAL TARGET OF MANGROVE ECOSYSTEM REHABILITATION

Tindak Lanjut
Review policies at both the central
and regional levels and
consolidate of implementing the
action plan
Identifying potential resources to
support sustainable mangrove
ecosystems  invent
Calculating emission value from
mangrove ecosystem recovery,
for carbon market
Improving coordination among
Government agencies, Local
Governments, and Communities
1 3
4 5
2
6
Establishing national action plans
of mangrove ecosystem rehabilitation
Follow-up after promulgation Regulation of the Coordinating Minister for
Economic Affairs No. 4 Year 2017
Developing spatial data to
determine the location of the
action  rehabilitation map &
national mangrove map
PROGRAMME TO SUPPORT REHABILITATION MANGROVE ECOSYSTEM (PERMENKO NO 4/ 2017)

10.401
8.871
12.403
12403
0
1.303
1.349 1349
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
RPJMN 2011 – 2014 = 41.475 Ha
RPJMN 2015 – 2019 = 2.500 ha
REHABITATION TARGET PER YEAR= 500 Ha
Source : DG WMPF, MoEF
ACHIEVEMENT ON MANGROVE REHABILITATION BY MoEF
Rehabilitation patterns:
1. Silvofishery
2. Intensive Rehabilitation
3. Community Nurshery

Mangrove pure rehabilitation
has been realized in 2010-2016 :
± 41.000 ha.
Development of Non-Timber
Mangrove Products and
environmental services.
Establishment of Mangrove Working
Group in International/National level 
AMNet, KKMN.
Silvofisheries area model in
Pemalang : 617 ha.
BEST PRACTICES OF MANGROVE REHABILITATION
National Mangrove Map

Mangrove Rehabilitation - Best Practices

Ecotourism and Non Timber Forest Product

2
1
3
4
5
One Map
Mangrove
Sumatera 2014
Scale 1:50.000
One Map Mangrove
Jawa 2013
Scale 1:25.000
One Map Mangrove
Bali – Nusa Tenggara
2016
Scale 1:25.000
One Map Mangrove
Maluku & Maluku Utara
2017
Scale1:25.000
One Map
Mangrove
Sulawesi 2015
Scale 1:25.000
One Map Mangrove
Kalimantan 2018
Scale 1:25.000
One Map Mangrove
Papua 2019
Scale 1:25.000
6
7
ONE MAP MANGROVE DEVELOPMENT
As a national baseline on mangrove management. Tools for policy, planning and implementation making.

5 Main Points of the Paris Agreement
Transparent carbon accounting
and emission reduction systems.
Strengthening ability to address
the impacts of climate change.
Strengthening recovery efforts
due to climate change damage.
Assisting the funding to build a
green and sustainable economy.
Adaptation and mitigation to climate
change by reducing GHG emissions
Mangrove ecosystem management as part of government effort to realize commitment
in reducing greenhouse gas emission from land sector (land use) of 497 million ton CO2
in 2030
“
”
16
Indonesia's Commitment to Achieving GHG Decrease Target

Minimizing the land use change of mangrove forest area through
consistent law enforcement.
Maintaining the existing of mangrove through determination of
essential ecosystem.
Expanding the existing of mangrove in Indonesia through
cooperation with government and non-government organization.
Increasing community engagement in mangrove
management in order to increase community welfare.
Developing NTFP products and promote ecotourism to
increase community income.
1
2
3
4
5
Recommendations for Sustainable Mangrove Management

THANK YOU
TERIMA KASIH