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Monitoring biodiversity on the ground
 with relevance to climate in Brazilian
            Protected Areas

Necessity and challenges of local involvement

                  Pedro Constantino
               Technical advisor GIZ/GFA




                                           09.03.2012   Seite 1
Drivers of a national biodiversity monitoring system


1. Efficiency of Protected Areas in conserving biodiversity
       • Regional or national scale
2. Influence of climate change on biodiversity
       • Regional or national
3. Biodiversity providing protection to climate
       • National, regional, local (?)
                                                       Climate




                                                     Biodiversity


                                                      09.03.2012    Seite 2
09.03.2012   Seite 3
Project Objectives

• Biodiversity monitoring system in Amazonia, Cerrado and Atlantic
  Fores to answer:
   • Effectiveness of Protected Areas (1)
   • Influence of climate on biodiversity (2)
• Implement in 15 + 30 Protected Areas;
• Create conditions to implement in a significant set of Protected
  Areas in Brazil;
• Create initial conditions to maintain the monitoring in the long-term;
• Integrate biodiversity and climate databases and information;
• Support initiatives of climate mitigation with in situ monitoring
  methodologies and data (3).
                                                       09.03.2012   Seite 4
Challenges of large-scale in situ monitoring

• Lessons learned from other monitoring programs:
   • Large scale questions to support policy require:
      • Standard methodology (common indicators, protocols, and
        sample system)
      • Data from lots of sites
      • Capacity to analyze large scale data and use information
   • Implications:
      • Based on experts and high-technology
      • Large, distant, hard to access areas to external personal
      • Very expensive to implement and continue

                                                    09.03.2012   Seite 5
Amazon example




  Up to 5 days to reach an area

                                  09.03.2012   Seite 6
Necessity to rely on local-based monitoring

• General solution:
   • Involvement of local people
• To the government, Protected Area’s staff is “local people”
   • Staff large enough to adopt monitoring activities:
       • Atlantic Forest – perhaps OK, despite other priorities
       • Cerrado – maybe, due to other priorities
       • Amazonia – NO




                                                        09.03.2012   Seite 7
09.03.2012   Seite 8
Locally-based monitoring


• Protected Area’s staff is “local people”
   • Staff large enough to adopt monitoring activities:
      • Atlantic Forest – perhaps OK, despite other priorities
      • Cerrado – maybe, due to other priorities
      • Amazonia – NO



• Hire local people to collect data
Constantino et al. in press – Comparison of local involvement in monitoring in Brazilian
Amazon (RDS Mamiraua, ProBUC, IL Acre) and Namibia Carpivi (Conservancies)


                                                                          09.03.2012   Seite 9
Locally-based monitoring




   Sub-local/individual    Very good to gather data in a
  work to answer large-     short-term, yet dependent
     scale questions          on large external effort
                                          09.03.2012   Seite 10
Challenges of individually-based monitoring


1. System yet expensive;

2. Social consequences of individual involvement;

3. Usually, no understanding of the process;

4. No furhter/deeper involvement in conservation.




                                                    09.03.2012   Seite 11
Alternative: Community-based monitoring




                                     1. Decreases long-term costs;
                                     2. Socially accepted;
                                     3. Broader involvement and
  Consider community                    understanding;
                           expects   4. More likely to change behavior;
  level/collective level
          work                       5. Additional information;
                                     6. More likely to continue.
                                                       09.03.2012   Seite 12
Challenges of community-based monitoring


1. Local involvement in monitoring is good to quickly answer local
   management questions, but too specific hard to up-scale;

2. Continue local involvement in the monitoring system;

3. Data reliability.




                                                      09.03.2012   Seite 13
Solutions/lessons to community involvement in
monitoring
1. Consider local questions but maintain large-scale ones, using same
   methodology;
2. Strong broad capacity building component, not restricted to data
   collection;     National indicators - Biomass
3. Presence of engaged leadership;
4. A information system locally designed but able to filter to large-
   scale;
5. Data evaluation system for quality (different steps – leaders and PA
   staff);
                                                       Local indicators



                                                       09.03.2012   Seite 14
MMA/ICMBio project
• PA staff is key (coordinate/execute) to monitoring;
• Involve communities where needed;
• Collaborate to initially implement in PAs with good local
  arrengements:
   • Capacity building and conservation NGOs, state governments...
• General and local indicators;
• Locally independent informatic system to make information useful;
• Comprehensive capacity building component:
   • Internal and external to ICMBio
• Create research and education incentives related to local monitoring:
   • CAPES, CNPq, ICMBio, MEC, MCT...
• Search for financial sustainbility in the long run:
   • Compensation, consessions, PES (ex. Bolsa Verde)...      09.03.2012 Seite 15
Is the community-based monitoring approach
         useful to REDD+ innitiatives?




                 Thank you!


                                    09.03.2012   Seite 16

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Monitoring biodiversity on the ground with relevance to climate in Brazilian Protected Areas

  • 1. Monitoring biodiversity on the ground with relevance to climate in Brazilian Protected Areas Necessity and challenges of local involvement Pedro Constantino Technical advisor GIZ/GFA 09.03.2012 Seite 1
  • 2. Drivers of a national biodiversity monitoring system 1. Efficiency of Protected Areas in conserving biodiversity • Regional or national scale 2. Influence of climate change on biodiversity • Regional or national 3. Biodiversity providing protection to climate • National, regional, local (?) Climate Biodiversity 09.03.2012 Seite 2
  • 3. 09.03.2012 Seite 3
  • 4. Project Objectives • Biodiversity monitoring system in Amazonia, Cerrado and Atlantic Fores to answer: • Effectiveness of Protected Areas (1) • Influence of climate on biodiversity (2) • Implement in 15 + 30 Protected Areas; • Create conditions to implement in a significant set of Protected Areas in Brazil; • Create initial conditions to maintain the monitoring in the long-term; • Integrate biodiversity and climate databases and information; • Support initiatives of climate mitigation with in situ monitoring methodologies and data (3). 09.03.2012 Seite 4
  • 5. Challenges of large-scale in situ monitoring • Lessons learned from other monitoring programs: • Large scale questions to support policy require: • Standard methodology (common indicators, protocols, and sample system) • Data from lots of sites • Capacity to analyze large scale data and use information • Implications: • Based on experts and high-technology • Large, distant, hard to access areas to external personal • Very expensive to implement and continue 09.03.2012 Seite 5
  • 6. Amazon example Up to 5 days to reach an area 09.03.2012 Seite 6
  • 7. Necessity to rely on local-based monitoring • General solution: • Involvement of local people • To the government, Protected Area’s staff is “local people” • Staff large enough to adopt monitoring activities: • Atlantic Forest – perhaps OK, despite other priorities • Cerrado – maybe, due to other priorities • Amazonia – NO 09.03.2012 Seite 7
  • 8. 09.03.2012 Seite 8
  • 9. Locally-based monitoring • Protected Area’s staff is “local people” • Staff large enough to adopt monitoring activities: • Atlantic Forest – perhaps OK, despite other priorities • Cerrado – maybe, due to other priorities • Amazonia – NO • Hire local people to collect data Constantino et al. in press – Comparison of local involvement in monitoring in Brazilian Amazon (RDS Mamiraua, ProBUC, IL Acre) and Namibia Carpivi (Conservancies) 09.03.2012 Seite 9
  • 10. Locally-based monitoring Sub-local/individual Very good to gather data in a work to answer large- short-term, yet dependent scale questions on large external effort 09.03.2012 Seite 10
  • 11. Challenges of individually-based monitoring 1. System yet expensive; 2. Social consequences of individual involvement; 3. Usually, no understanding of the process; 4. No furhter/deeper involvement in conservation. 09.03.2012 Seite 11
  • 12. Alternative: Community-based monitoring 1. Decreases long-term costs; 2. Socially accepted; 3. Broader involvement and Consider community understanding; expects 4. More likely to change behavior; level/collective level work 5. Additional information; 6. More likely to continue. 09.03.2012 Seite 12
  • 13. Challenges of community-based monitoring 1. Local involvement in monitoring is good to quickly answer local management questions, but too specific hard to up-scale; 2. Continue local involvement in the monitoring system; 3. Data reliability. 09.03.2012 Seite 13
  • 14. Solutions/lessons to community involvement in monitoring 1. Consider local questions but maintain large-scale ones, using same methodology; 2. Strong broad capacity building component, not restricted to data collection; National indicators - Biomass 3. Presence of engaged leadership; 4. A information system locally designed but able to filter to large- scale; 5. Data evaluation system for quality (different steps – leaders and PA staff); Local indicators 09.03.2012 Seite 14
  • 15. MMA/ICMBio project • PA staff is key (coordinate/execute) to monitoring; • Involve communities where needed; • Collaborate to initially implement in PAs with good local arrengements: • Capacity building and conservation NGOs, state governments... • General and local indicators; • Locally independent informatic system to make information useful; • Comprehensive capacity building component: • Internal and external to ICMBio • Create research and education incentives related to local monitoring: • CAPES, CNPq, ICMBio, MEC, MCT... • Search for financial sustainbility in the long run: • Compensation, consessions, PES (ex. Bolsa Verde)... 09.03.2012 Seite 15
  • 16. Is the community-based monitoring approach useful to REDD+ innitiatives? Thank you! 09.03.2012 Seite 16