REDD+
Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest
degradation in developing countries, and the role of
conservation, sustainable management of forests, and
enhancement of forest carbon stocks in developing
countries
• Reducing emissions from deforestation
• Reducing emissions from forest degradation
• Conservation of forest carbon stocks
• Sustainable management of forests
• Enhancement of forest carbon stocks
Part i: overview
IMPORTANCE OF MIGRATION AS LOCAL
RISK SCOPING STRATEGY IN RESPONSE
TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN VIETNAM
Pham Thu Thuy, Dao Linh Chi, Be Quynh Nga, Nguyen Hoang
Tiep, Le Ngoc Dung, Vu Tan Phuong, Dao Huyen Trang,
Nguyen Thi Hai, Moira Moeliono, Grace Wong

Context
• Vietnamese communities that are practicing swidden are
increasingly put under pressure of rapid land use changes and
climate change shocks.
• Understanding how these communities adopt different scoping
strategies to these shock are important for policy makers to design
policies to support swidden communities.
• Vietnamese government considers migration as a key policy for
poverty reduction, risk scoping strategy and social modernization
Research question:
• How important is migration as a risk scoping strategy in response to
climate change in 3 swidden communities in Vietnam?
• What are policy implications ?

Findings
• Many shocks affect local livelihood (e.g. chronic, loss of crops due to drought, large
fall in market price, and crop diseases) - 52% of households reported on income
loss
• A wide range of risk coping measures adopted by local HHs but migration played a
minor role in risk-scoping strategy (8- 14% of HHs interviewed)
0
4 6
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Lay Muong An Que
NumberofShocksandCrisis
Harvest more forest products Harvest more agricultural products
Spend cash savings Sell assets (Land, livestock, etc.)
Do extra wage labor in the village Migrate for wage jobs elsewhere
Assistance from friends or relatives Assistance from NGO, community organization, religious organization, etc
Get loan from money lender, credit ,associations, etc Reduce household spending
Reduce household consumption Did nothing in particular
Other (specify)

Importance of migration is limited…
• The remittance is too low to cover daily costs and cannot be
saved for risk scoping strategies.
• Migration not only comes with opportunities (e.g. social
network widened, additional incomes, self- esteem, more
knowledge and skills on agriculture production) but also come
with many different risks:
• employers refuse to pay salaries so people have to borrow money (or
their family sends money to them) to go back to their village
• Available jobs are often seasonal and unstable;
• migration often requires a large up-front investment so most villagers
have to take loans from the bank.
• Financial burden was also put on family after the villagers migrate as
migrants have no living costs when they move to cities.
• New villagers migrate to village creating new social conflicts, reduce
the available land for households
• Working in the factory comes with high risk of accidents/injuries and
social problem (e.g. drug addiction) - another form of shocks and
risks

Conclusions
• Importance of migration as a risk scoping strategy
depends on:
 Institutional setting
Socio – economic conditions
 Culture
…..
• Migration alone does not guarantee the ability to
cope with risks, especially with climate changes -
needs to be accompanied with other policies and
supports for livelihoods

THANK YOU
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