Criteria and Indicators for Tropical
Peatland Restoration: Governance aspect
(Plenary, Session 1)
Herry Purnomo
with Dyah Puspitaloka, Ahmad Dermawan, Beni Okarda, Sonya D. Kusumadewi

Definition of governance
• The process of decision-making and the process by
which decisions are implemented (or not
implemented).
• The way power of actors is exercised in the
management of economic and social resources.
https://www.unescap.org/sites/default/files/good-
governance.pdf

Governance
elements
Fritz et al. 2009

Governance
matters for
sustainable
lowlands
(Purnomo et al. 2020, under review at FORPOL)
Structure
Institution
Actor
who?
Sustainability
(e.g. fire reduction)
Livelihood
Technical-
economy
0.40 0.24
0.45
0.280.54
.68
Central government
Private
companies
International
bodies
Traders
Sub-national
governments
Interest groups and
associations
NGOs
Research and
academic organizations
Financial agencies
Farmers
Private
companies
Traders
Farmers
Interest groups and
associations
Central government NGOs
Discrict government
Research and
academic organizations
Provincial
government
International
bodies
Financial agencies
ACP SNA
LesspowerfulMorepowerful
0.24
0.08
0.15
(ACP=Actor centered power; SNA=Social network analysis).

Six dimensions of governance
1. Voice and Accountability
2. Political Stability and Absence of Violence
3. Government Effectiveness
4. Regulatory Quality
5. Rule of Law
6. Control of Corruption
Kaufmann, Kraay and Mastruzzi, 2010
https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/

Principles of good governance
1. Participation
2. Rule of law
3. Transparency
4. Responsiveness
5. Consensus oriented
6. Equity and inclusiveness
7. Effectiveness and
efficiency
8. Accountability
UKEssays. (November 2018). Principles and Characteristics of Good Governance.
Retrieved from https://www.ukessays.com/essays/politics/principle-of-good-
governance.php?vref=1
1. Accountability
2. Effectivity
3. Efficiency
4. Equity/fairness
5. Participation
6. Transparency
UNDP Indonesia, 2013

Definition of terms
• Participation: Direct or indirect involvement of stakeholders in making decisions about policies, planning and
implementation programs. Participation also refers to the freedom to express oneself, freedom of association
and expressing opinions through the media.
• Inclusivity: Equality (equal) participation, treatment and rights before the law and the rules (before the law). All
parties, including the poor, women, ethnic and religious minorities, indigenous peoples and disadvantaged
groups, have the same right to participate in a real and meaningful manner in the decision-making process that
affects them.
• Transparency: The capacity of an outside party to obtain valid and timely information about the activities of the
authorities (government or private sector). Fulfill the rights of stakeholders and the public to know what the
authorities are doing and fulfill the obligations of the authorities to provide information
• Accountability: An obligation or desire to accept responsibility for his actions
• Rule of law: The level of trust and submission to the prevailing rules, the quality of enforcement of existing
rules and contracts, respect for rights, and the level of security from crime and violence.
• Effectivity: Quality of service and degree of independence from political pressure, quality of policy formulation
and implementation, and credibility of the authority's commitment to the policy.
• Responsiveness: Ability to respond, respond and take action efficiently and effectively to the real needs of
stakeholders and society.
• Control of corruption: Ability to avoid abuse of power and seek personal gain, including petty cash and major
corruption and other forms of elite capture
From various sources

Proposed governance principles
for peatland restoration at
‘national/sub-national’ level
1. Participation
2. Accountability
3. Political stability and
government
effectiveness
4. Regulatory quality and
rule of law
5. Control of Corruption

At ‘landscape’ level
1. Participation
2. Accountability and
transparency
3. Equity and inclusiveness
4. Effectiveness and
efficiency
5. Control of corruption

The C&I structure
• Hierarchical structure: Principles – Criteria –
Indicators – Verifiers (PCIV)
• Principle is a fundamental truth or
proposition that serves as the foundation for
a system of belief or behavior or for a chain of
reasoning.
• Criteria are developed and used to
assess/judge the compliance/conformity with
a principle.
• Qualitative and quantitative indicators when
they are measured periodically can indicate a
criterion.
• Those must be minimum and localized to
meet context (jurisdiction, scale and value
chains).
• Make use collected/existing indicators.
• Weighting and assessing process (multi-
criteria analysis).
Goal
Principle
#1
Principle
#5
Criterion #1 Criterion #2 Criterion #n
Indicator
#1
Indicator
#2
Indicator
#n
. . .
. . .
. . .
Governance
aspect
Others aspects
Principle
#1...n
Verifiers
Prabhu et al. 1999.
https://www2.cifor.org/acm/methods/toolbox1.html

Existing criteria and indicators - BRG
BRG (2019), modified
Adaptive management in developing C&I
Multistakeholder forum (key actors of restoration) for monitoring and evaluation of
the criteria and indicator to improve the overall restoration goal

Thank you