Forages

Linking Farmers to Markets (LFM)

Activities in Asia

Projects

Outcomes

IFAD Asia Pacific Division (4FGF)Laos, Cambodia, and VietnamProduction systems, links to markets and processing, “waste” management and utilization

IFAD Technical Division (Biofuels: sweet sorghum, jatropha, and cassava)Breeding (Cali): conversion to ethanol (waxy, SGC, etc.)CLAYUCA: smallscale processing, utilization, & wastesVietnam & China: best varieties & agronomy for bioethanol

Major impact on the growth of cassava production in SE Asia

Yield:8.36 t/ha to 16.90 t/ ha

Production:1.99 to 9.45 million t

Currently:70% exported; 30% used domestically

Processing capacity: 2.4-3.8 mill. t roots/year

Production reduced in 2009 by 20-30% due to cassava mealybug

Desire to reduce area (at least not expand) but increase production

Cambodia

Extremely rapid expansion of area of production – and yield

Mealybug is a major threat

Good examples of returns on good agronomy

Expansion by smallholders and large concessions

Laos

Production still small, but expanding – along with processing

Others

Yield and starch content

Dual purpose (eating and processing)

Suitability to higher altitudes

Agronomy

Fertilizer rates (returns on investment x 6)

Intercropping for income and erosion control

Direct erosion control (contours, etc.)

Seasonality (time of planting & harvest) to ↑ feedstock

Processing and utilization

On farm feeding systems

Local pre-processing: chips, wet starch, etc.

“Waste” utilization (Liquid: biogas; Solid: feed, fertilizer, etc.)

Helped identify the cassava mealybug problem initially

Tony Bellotti confirmed the pest, identified the control, providedprotocols on mass-rearing, and links to IITA for wasp population

DOA, TTDI, & DOAE did the mass-rearing and release

Proposals for pest and disease R, D, & I

FAO-TCP only on mealybug in GMS - with “links” to CIAT, but limited capacity for roll out

EC/CGIAR/IFAD funds on cassava pests and diseases- need to modify due to FAO-TCP

Status

A. lopeziappears to control the mealybug in Thailand, but needs verification and no roll out in other countries (esp. Cambodia)

Mites and whitefly causing concern

Research on (relatively) unknown problems – mainly diseases

Development and Implementation of control measures

Propagation systems: petiole, micro-stake, tissue culture

Breeding

More integrated: CIAT & Region and within the Region: Vn, Ch, Th …

For starch quality – waxy, SGC … bioplastics (sago-like)

For pest and disease tolerance / resistance

Other: branchless, reduced PPD, cold tolerance … herbicide-tolerance

Agronomy

Fertilizer DSS (“AfSIS” approach in Vietnam??)

Intercropping and erosion control (possible DSS..)

Seasonality / bulking … crop growth model

High Value Opportunities

From keepers to producers of livestock

Environment services

Component of farming systems for the uplands

L4PP: Legumes and pigs in Lao uplands

F4B: Quality grasses for cattle in Cambodia

World Vision: Feed for cattle in rice-based NE Thailand

RSLP: Post-rice + upland forages in southern Lao

SPSP: Pig production and marketing, linked to animal andhuman health issues (CSIRO), in northern Lao

IFAD

FAP: Forages, production systems, and markets C. Vietnam

Save labour

Increase growth rate

Market linkages and income

Secure livelihoods

Enable better production and health management

Institutional change

Scaling out mechanisms (govt, NGOs, etc. in Learning Alliances)

Systems change

Mulato 1+2 & Panicum maximum ‘Simuang’ for upland areas

Paspalum atratum and Brachiariahumidicola ‘Llanero’ for partly water logged lowlands

Successfully adopted by farmers in the project area

Allowed competition with the Thai cattle industry

Greatest benefit in the early wet and flooding seasons

Success from combining technical inputs with linking farmers to markets

Innovative indirect credit systems permitted integration of extremely poor in market chain

Out-scaling through IFAD investment/loan project with FAP mentoring and training

Improved suitability for specific agroecologies:- intermittent waterlogged and post-rice- low soil fertility

New forage legumes

Perennials

Seed production and multiplication

Market linkages and systems change

Step-wise systems change: feeding, health, management, herd management, sales planning …… land use planning

Critical driver for changing livestock keepers to livestock producers- driver for farming systems change => greater resilience

Scaling up

Developing new approaches for scaling-up and systems change (LA …)

Roots, tubers, and cereals

Fruits & vegetables

Livestock

Non-timber forest products

All supply chains important for poor and ethnic minorities

SADU works with

Farming households

Collectors/traders

Local extension services

Processing firms

Policy-makers

Stakeholder awareness

Collective action

Technology adoption

profitable & competitive farming enterprises

profitable & competitive processing enterprises

Enabling Business Development Services

Policy and regulations

Contract farming

Testing of supermarket chains

No allowance for scaled impacts

Cluster of villages

More potential for impact

Commune (Vn) or Sub-District (La)

“Structure” helps the expansion / scaling out

Province

Capacity to facilitate or drive interventions

Multi-province or national

If policy or regulations are drivers

Models for Contract Farming: case study on corn production in Pak Xeng district, LuangPrabang Province

Case study on contract Farming Model for Pig Production in Vientiane capital, Savannakhet and Champasack Provinces

Producer Groups

Included

Climate: 1900-2000 & 2050 (A1B)

Crop suitability: Now & 2050

Land Use Change: 2000-2009

Resilience / adaptation of local farming systems

Commissioned by Sida