A study of fresh forage feeding pig for smallholder farmers in
Hainan, China
Tang Jun
Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute(TCGRI), Chinese Academy of Tropical agricultural Sciences(CATAS),
Baodao village, Danzhou, Hainan, China 571737
• Background and introduction 1.3 Stylo silage process technology
Pig production is one kind of important animal production system in the village for farmers. It is a high cost system. The Stylo are cut by 1-2cm, after the water contain is below 65%, and 5% maize, by-product of wheat, or cassava
project is to solve the problems of fresh forage for pig, and improve the smallholder farmer pig production system in powder added as additional, mixed and put into a plastic container, remove air and keep them compaction, and
the village. It is possible for the fresh forage to enhance the conversion rate and absorption rate of food Intake, The sealed, after 25-30 days, it can be used. It is important that sugar contained more than 1.0-1.5% and keep it no
objectives of this study are to improve the technologies of raising pig, reducing costs, increasing the income of farmers,
inner air, no sunlight also.
alleviating rural farmer’s poverty through planting forage and feeding technology with fresh forage.
1. Survey of Pig Variety and 19 feeds for pig nutrition analysis 3. Fresh forage feed pig experiments
3.1 Sweet potato vine feeding pig experiment result and analysis
Hainan local black pig Hainan Black F2 pigs after 72 d of fattening, the test two groups the average net weight 67 kg (n = 24), The CK group is 59
Medium type and growing kg (n = 12), test group net weight is 8kg more than CK group when slaughter. During the experiment, the average daily
speed, high meat quality, gain (ADG) of trial group is 920g but CK is 820g, increased by 12.19%. There are significant difference (P <0.05) between
the test group and CK group, whereas there is no significant difference between repetitions (P< 0.05). Each test group pig
is 8kg more than CK, according to the pig price 9.0Yuan/kg; it will add the income 72.0 Yuan per head.
Feed consumption and cost accounting: ① Each pig of test group consumed concentrate 105 kg (price: 2.6 Yuan / kg),
sweet potato vine silage 162 kg (price: 0.6 Yuan / kg), total costs (105 × 2.6 + 162 × 0.6)= 370.20 Yuan. ②Each pig of
CK consumed concentrate 105 kg (price: 2.6 Yuan / kg), fresh sweet potato vine 280 kg (price: 0.4Yuan/kg), total cost (105
Wuzhishan pig × 2.6 +280 × 0.4) = 385.0 Yuan. The test group for each 1 kg weight gains the direct cost of 5.53 Yuan, the control group
Small type and roughage was 6.53 Yuan, Cost of Test group reduce by15.31%. Feed conversion of test group 1:1.57 (67:105), and is 1:1.78 (59:105)
endurance, high meat quality,
of CK group.
growing slowly
From Table 2, it shows ADG of stage Ⅰ and stage Ⅱ was significant differences (P <0.01), arriving to 790 g and 940 g
respectively; ADG of Ⅱ stage was higher because fattening pigs of sweet potato vine couldn’t fit silage quickly and feed
intake was affected with growing slowly, By the latter of the trials the pigs were adapted to the silage and feed intake
increased, and sweet potato vine silage was rich nutrition, ADG increased.
Hybrid F2 or F3 (Hainan
black pig ♀×Duroc, or
Landrace pig♂)
Growing fast and
concentrate consumption
3.2 Stylo silage for fattening pig experiment and result analysis
Stylo is one kind of important legumes forage for animal in tropical
2. Experiment ofForage silage research area. Its virtue are high protein contain, wide adaption and high yield.
Stylo silage is a new technology for smallholder farmers even if silage
1.1 Sweet potato vine silage process
is a practiced technology. This trial would like to know more details of
Sweet potato vine is very important fresh green forage for farmers, but it contains more than 80% water even if its Stylo silage fattening pigs.
nutrition is rich. Some trials were done in order to improve the utilization and balance the supply of green forage.
Sweet potato stem and leaf mixed with some maize, coat wheat and rice working with sorbent (in 3 different ratio 3.2.1 The results shown in Table 1, it shows that feeding 53 days, each
as 10%:90%, 20%:80%, 30%:70%) silage, and it proves that ratio (20%:80%) is the best treatment, 97.6% of group average daily gain (ADG)per head are 0.67kg, 0.71kg and
these are successful and PH of Silage is 3.8, is the best silage with normal color and smell, low cost. 0.59kg respectively, by the statistical analysis of differences among the
groups , and there was not significant (P<0.05), and 10% Stylo silage
1.2 King grass silage process and analysis with instead of concentrate is no significant difference to others and
Usually, King grass can be cut 10-13 times in a year with high fresh forage yield and was adapted by farmers. stylo silage addition can affect the grow speed.
When processed silage, it should be grinded at 2-3cm length, and be sunned about 3-5 hours and water contain
declined to 60-70%, it can be put into a plastic bag or container, and also suppress in case of inner air. Keep it for 3.2.2 Feed conversion. Average feed consumption(FC) per kilogram of weight gain of each group were 5.03 kg, 4.61 kg and
25-30 days, king grass silage has processed well. 4.98 kg (Table 2), indicating that Stylo silage s breeding pigs for feed and meat ratio affect little. Pig should take some time
In order to know silage nutrition, digestion and the organic acid contain, this trial was done. to fit the new feed. During the trials, feed consumption are 3.77, 3.08 and 3.68, It can be found that in treatment II, stylo
King grass silage treated by silage directly (CK, T1), half dry (sunned 3-4 hours, T2) and two density of special silage can reduce the concentrate consumption 0.6 kg per 1 kg pig weight gain.
degradation agent (3% T3, 6%, T4), Formic acid (T5), Sugar addition (T6) respectively, total are six treatments.
The result shows that: all treatments can decline the PH of feeding and enhance the Lactic acid contains, Sugar
addition decline the PH and enhance the Lactic acid prominent significantly.
The data statistic software is SAS (P<0.05).
4. Acknowledgement
The study was supported by Ginés–Mera Memorial Fellowship from CIAT. I also would like to say many thanks to
Dr. Liu Guodao and my workmates for their directions and help.