Land tenure, access and social diversity in
Purabi Bose
Decision and Policy Analysis (DAPA) Research
Email: p.bose@cgiar.org
Cali, Colombia 19 August 2014
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Latin America

Presentation outline
Part I. Overall objectives of Forests, Trees and
Agroforestry (FTA) integrating Gender
Part II. Tenure Research initiatives Latin America
Part III. Initiating global comparative case-studies
in South Asia, East Africa and Latin America
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PART ONE
Forests, Trees and
Agroforestry (FTA)
Gender
Partners: CIFOR, ICRAF,
Bioversity, CIAT, CIRAD, CATIE

Forests, Trees and Agroforestry (FTA) Gender
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Innovative
science and
methods
Mentoring
and
empowerment

i. Communicating Science
 An example: CIAT’s International Photo with
Story Competition blog received high # of hits.
 41 photos: people’s point of view in e-book
 A technical panel on Land Tenure and Gender
at IUFRO World Forest Congress, October 2014
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ii. Capacity Building and Mentoring
 An illustration: Gender workshop in Latin
America, 2013 identified research priorities
 Latin America writeshop in Cali, 2014
 Integrating diversity in research cycle for CIAT
staff and partners in Africa, 2014
 Mentoring young researchers and interns
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iii. Policy and Partnership
 For instance: we’ve established network of
people doing forests-agriculture interface work
 Share our research findings to recommend
COP20 agenda on gender, forests and climate
 Interdisciplinary partnerships: Dejusticia- Human
Rights; ONAMIAP, RRI- think tanks; WUR, UoC-academicians;
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SWDF- civil societies

iv. Participatory Action Research
 Key initiatives: tenure, access & social diversity
I. Agroforestry, food security and climate change in rural India
II. Forest governance & multi-stakeholder in Uganda, Kenya
III.Land tenure reforms in Bolivia, Colombia, Peru
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PART TWO: Latin American Research Initiatives
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Governance of Forest Tenure
 Classification of FORESTS - who defines?
 Property rights- why, for whom and why?
 Access, withdrawal, management,
exclusion, and alienation
 Governance: tenure types, overlapping
institutions, rules, policies, and stakeholders
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i. Overview of Tenure in LA
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Forest tenure: collective
Complex, but comparatively
higher secured indigenous
territories and community
forest rights
Small farms: individual
social disparity; indigenous
and Afro-American
communities and women

Forest Tenure: Collective
Proposed Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
Target 1.4 calls for (by 2030) men and women to have equal
rights, it does not recognize community land rights.
Forests, pastures, and bodies of water which rural
households rely on for their livelihoods
Connecting community land rights to SDGs: before final
agreement at U.N. Summit meeting in Sept 2015.
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Forest Tenure: Collective
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2002: Forest Tenure in Bolivia and Colombia
Government
administered
Designated for
IPs and local
communities
Owned by IPs
and local
communities
Owned by
individuals and
firms
68.7
2.7
27.9
0.8
59.8
0
40.2
0
Bolivia Colombia
Reference: Stevens et al 2014 Securing Rights, Combating Climate Change

Land Tenure and Access in Latin America
 Tenure reforms Bolivia and Colombia
 Conceptual framework: micro-politics
 Case studies- lake Titicaca and coffee region
 Preliminary findings
 Analysis – social and institutional diversity
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Small Farms Tenure: Individual
Individual tenure rights – recognizing women’s land title
Land Title – formal (legalization) and informal (customary)
Ownership and access: men, women and youths
How and why land title formalization- who benefits?
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Bolivia: Land Tenure Reform
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Colombia: Land Tenure Reform
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ii. Micro-Politics Framework
Customary, legal and extra-legal
Social Diversity Institutional Diversity
Reference: Bose, P. 2012 Forest Rights http://edepot.wur.nl/212101
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iii. Case studies – Bolivia and Colombia
 Two analytical studies – independent (2013)
 Key objective – individual rights to land and
agro-forests coffee and Kañiwa/quinoa
 Methods: Participatory action research, field
observations, and scientific and grey literature
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Individual land tenure
For this presentation: focus on individual tenure
 Colombia: smallholder agro-forestry (coffee
farms - men)
 Bolivia: marginalized small-farms hardy food
crops (kañiwa quinoa farms- women)
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Altiplano Lake Titicaca, Bolivia
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iv. Preliminary Findings
Bolivian case study (in Altiplano region)
Small-farms – informal arrangements
Climate variability affects socio-economically
marginalized men and women
(un)intended impact of value-chains of
Kaniwa on IP women
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iv. Preliminary Findings
Colombian case study (in Quindia region)
 Informal tenure claims
 Tree compositions decision affected the
land-use management by men/ women
 Formalization of the land title: ambiguity
on joint titling at household level.
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v. Analysis: Social Diversity
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e.g. in Bolivia
 Vulnerability not necessarily gendered, but
depends on ethnic diversity
 Increase global demand impact local farming
practice of women (indirectly food security)
 Access matters, but not titling

v. Analysis: Social Diversity
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e.g. in Colombia
 Crop diversification (security net) = women
only with secured land title
 Progressive reform, but joint titling a concern
at local level compared to individual title
 Land ownership defines indirectly (market/
capital) access and usufruct rights for women

v. Analysis: Institutional Diversity
e.g. Bolivia. Kaniwa influenced by global demand
Informal rules continues to dominate the land
tenure arrangements of IPs (extra-legal)
e.g. Colombia. Coffee agroforestry’s local market
Formalizing land title challenge traditional
gender equity- but, titling is not an end in
itself.
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PART THREE: Global Comparative Tenure Studies
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Global Social Diversity Tenure and Access
 Latin America- access to resources, individual
small farm title, and collective forest rights
 East Africa- customary institutions, forests-agriculture
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interface dynamics
 South Asia- forest tenure and food security

Open Research Dialogue
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Thank you!