apr10, ciat, poster, "poster Exhibit", rice, arroz, poster35, agbio

1. Increasing Yield Potential in Rice
Torres, E.A.; Carabali, S.J.; Amezquita, N.; Borrero, J. and Martinez C.P.
International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), AA 6613, Cali, Colombia
eatorres@cgiar.org
Introduction: Table 1. Average values for yield, yields components, biomass
Yield potential is one of the most important breeding objective in production and harvest index.
rice. To achieve it, the CIAT-FLAR strategy is to combine key traits
such as excellent plant type, strong stems, dark green color and Filled 1000 Filled Total
Panicles Kg
long high fertile panicles that confer high yielding ability under Gen -2 Grains/ Fertility Grains Grains Biomass HI -1
m -2 -2 ha
Panicle weight m m
favorable conditions. The objective of this study was to evaluate F7
Recombinant Inbred Lines that have different combinations of this 2027 498.0
498 0 96.7
96 7 82.1
82 1 23.8
23 8 47989 2338.7 0.49
2338 7 0 49 9700.9
9700 9
traits in a yield trial in Palmira during 2009 second crop season. IR64 802.0 51.5 83.3 24.3 41432 2021.6 0.49 9118.3
2074 521.3 72.9 77.6 24.5 37774 1985.3 0.47 8827.6
Material and Methods 2122
1856
453.5
749.0
81.2
48.7
74.7
73.7
25.6
26.0
36362
36583
1982.1
2131.3
0.47
0.45
8566.5
8501.4
Fifteen rice genotypes were used i thi study. T l
Fift i t d in this t d Twelve were 1817 660.5
660 5 52.7
52 7 64.6
64 6 25.5
25 5 34618 1885.0
1885 0 0.47
0 47 8397.1
8397 1
experimental F7 SSD lines selected because their yield and 1841 557.3 81.4 68.2 23.2 44907 2134.2 0.49 8218.9
differences in terms of yield components and leaf color observed 2063 481.5 79.8 68.2 22.6 38269 1987.0 0.44 8130.0
during the observational yield evaluation in 2009 (CIAT Rice 2065 498.7 82.0 75.0 25.1 39630 1869.9 0.54 8083.4
Program Annual Report 2009). There were three common checks Fede-60 527.5 70.5 72.4 26.3 36964 2125.8 0.46 8065.4
Fedearroz 60 a recently released variety FL01028 the long panicle
variety,
1860 418.5 89.1 72.6 27.3 37147 2039.9 0.5 7914.3
donor from FLAR tropical breeding program and IR64 known for
2047 376.0 84.8 69.9 28.2 31618 1935.9 0.46 7772.9
wide adaptation.
A complete randomized blocks design with four reps and a plot size 2039 454.5 80.1 68.5 26.5 35844 2058.2 0.46 7751.6
of 20 m2 (5x4) was used. The planting was done with pre-germinated FL01028 526.0 77.9 68.1 23.4 40711 2046.5 0.47 7718.3
seeds using a rate of 100 kg ha-1 in puddle soil The fertilization 2003 452.5 65.2 59.4 25.4 29348 1971.4 0.38 6961.4
doses were 200 Kg ha-1 N, 60 Kg ha-1 P2O5 and 130 kg ha -1 K2O. Mean 527.3 74.5 71.6 25.2 37731 2036.4 8226.1
Nitrogen was split three times with 70% before permanent flooding. CV (%) 12.4 12.4 6.9 3.7 10.1 7.9 7.7
Weeds and insects were chemically controlled when necessary. Units number number percentage grams number grams Kilograms
At maturity two sub-plots 0.25 m2 within each plot were sampled by
cutting plants at the soil level. Plants were threshed by hand in the
lab and separated into grain and straw In each straw sample the
straw. The measuring of potential yield showed that the line 2027 had the highest yield
total and effective (bearing a panicle) culms were counted. The grain potential achieving 12 ton ha-1; the yields of checks were about 10 tons. This line
sample was oven dried at 70 °C for three days and filled and empty had strong stems, dark green color foliage and delayed senescence, intermediate
grains were separated and counted. Finally, filled grains per square tillering ability and long fertile panicles. There are notable differences in yield
meter, total grain per square meter, filled grains per panicle, 1000- obtained in the 0.25 m2 plots and the 12 m2 plot; it can be explained by the
grains weight, fertility percentage, harvest index and total biomass
g g y p g differences in harvest and harvested area. This results indicate that was possible to
were calculated. The average yield in the small 0.25 squares was obtain lines with a highest yield potential than checks by the combination of this
considerer as a measure of yield potential. This because measuring traits.
here have a minimum of losses due to threshing by hand.
Additionally, actual grain yield was determined for 12 m2 area in Fig 1. Yield potential (Kg ha -1 ) in the yield trial Palmira 2009
each replication and adjusted to a moisture content of 14 percent.
12500
Results and discussion 11500
The results indicates that genotypes were different for all evaluated 10500
Kg ha-1
traits. There were highly significant differences for: Number of panicles
per square meter, number of filled grains per square meter, number of 9500
filled grains per panicle, number of total grains per panicle, f
f f fertility 8500
percentage, one thousand grain weight, total biomass and yield.
These differences were present even in lines coming from the same 7500
cross. 6500
Two lines, IR64 and 1856 had the highest number of panicles per
square meter with 802 and 749 panicles respectively; indicating that
these genotypes are high tillering type.
Genotype
The line 2027 was superior in the number of filled grains per square
meter, the number of filled grains per panicle, total biomass According with the correlation analysis, the most important trait for high yield was
production and yield. This genotype combine strong stems, the number of filled grains per square meter (fig 2). Neither number of panicles nor
intermediate tillering ability, long and fertile panicles, dark green color number of filled grains per panicle were related to yield because of compensation;
u be o ed g a s pe pa c e e e e ated y e d o co pe sat o ;
and stay green. The same genotype and check IR 64 were the most indicating that a balanced plant type is needed for high yield. The only individual
fertile genotypes with 83.3% and 82.1%. Indicating that this line not yield component related with yield was the fertility percentage. Also yield was
only has long panicles but also is very fertile. positively correlated with harvest index and total biomass.
In relation with the one thousand grains weight the best material was
the line 2047 with 28.22 grams.
Fig 2. Relationship between potential yield and the number of filled
g e a o s p be ee po e a y e d a d e u be o ed
grains per square meter.
13000
12000
11000
Kg ha -1
y = 0.1781x + 3298
10000
R² = 0.7586
9000
8000
7000
30000 35000 40000 45000 50000
Filled Grains
Conclusions
It was possible to identify lines with high yield than the checks. This lines have
strong stems, long fertile panicles , intermediate tillering ability, dark green foliage
and delayed senescence.
Future directions
We are now doing a evaluation in several environments in order to establish the
magnitude and importance of GxE interaction in the expression of high yield.
Acknowledgment: Colombian Ministry of Agriculture MADR,
Colombian National Rice Federation-FEDEARROZ, FLAR and CIAT-Rice
Program.