This study examined the effects of sweet potato commercialization on men and women producers and traders in Kenya. It found that commercialization provided some economic opportunities but also risks of worsening gender inequalities. While women gained more independence through income, some men took over production and marketing. Access to resources like land also determined how people benefited. The study suggests commercialization efforts consider social differences to ensure equal benefits for men and women.
Learn more about the Robert Semrad Foundation in Chicago, IL and how the foundation is working to help Chicago's struggling communities. We help build strong community, provide support for disadvantaged communities, and sponsor local programs to improve the general welfare of Chicago's struggling communities. For Debtstoppers and Robert Semrad, the Foundation is a way of giving back to the local community.
Workplace gender inequality is a global phenomenon. McKinsey Global Institute estimates that women add 37% of the world’s GDP while constituting one-half of the global working age population. If they played an identical role to men in the labour markets, however, women could add about USD 28 Trillion to global GDP by 2025, or add about USD 12 Trillion if their proportion in the workforce was brought up to ‘best-in-the-region’ levels.
On each of the above numbers India has the most to gain, compared with 95 other countries. Women’s share of India’s GDP is about 17%, and the above two scenarios could elevate the country’s GDP by 60% and 16%, respectively. Getting anywhere close to these numbers requires India to recast its outdated social mores substantially, however.
From the desk of the president, monday, 14 december 2020SABC News
President Cyril Ramaphosa has called on South Africans to think of the simple things they could do to reach out across the racial divide in their everyday lives. In his letter to the nation on Monday, Ramaphosa says this includes learning another South African language.
Book review on Mary Johnson Osirim\'s book, Enterprising Women in Urban Zimbabwe. Not yet published. Do not quote without permission. Comments are very welcome though!!
Learn more about the Robert Semrad Foundation in Chicago, IL and how the foundation is working to help Chicago's struggling communities. We help build strong community, provide support for disadvantaged communities, and sponsor local programs to improve the general welfare of Chicago's struggling communities. For Debtstoppers and Robert Semrad, the Foundation is a way of giving back to the local community.
Workplace gender inequality is a global phenomenon. McKinsey Global Institute estimates that women add 37% of the world’s GDP while constituting one-half of the global working age population. If they played an identical role to men in the labour markets, however, women could add about USD 28 Trillion to global GDP by 2025, or add about USD 12 Trillion if their proportion in the workforce was brought up to ‘best-in-the-region’ levels.
On each of the above numbers India has the most to gain, compared with 95 other countries. Women’s share of India’s GDP is about 17%, and the above two scenarios could elevate the country’s GDP by 60% and 16%, respectively. Getting anywhere close to these numbers requires India to recast its outdated social mores substantially, however.
From the desk of the president, monday, 14 december 2020SABC News
President Cyril Ramaphosa has called on South Africans to think of the simple things they could do to reach out across the racial divide in their everyday lives. In his letter to the nation on Monday, Ramaphosa says this includes learning another South African language.
Book review on Mary Johnson Osirim\'s book, Enterprising Women in Urban Zimbabwe. Not yet published. Do not quote without permission. Comments are very welcome though!!
Beau Doolittle Alabama Senate, District 35rigsbymcghee
Beau places an emphasis on doing what
is right instead of making decisions based
on partisanship – which he believes hurts
people. He believes in the purpose of government
set forth by the Preamble to the
United States Constitution.
It is time for the working middle class to
unite and elect someone who represents
our best economic interests. Send Beau
Doolittle to Montgomery to be our voice.
Cultural diversity is when differences in race, ethnicity, age, ability, language, nationality, socioeconomic status, gender, religion or sexual orientation are represented within a community. The community can be a country, region, city, neighborhood, company or school.
For more info visit: https://www.ndimdelhi.org/
President Ramaphosa withdraws from Chairman's Conversation SABC News
President Cyril Ramaphosa has decided to withdraw from The Chairman’s Conversation hosted by Gauteng-based radio station Power FM. His participation was slated for the 28th of November 2019 in Johannesburg. In the light of concerns raised by civil society organisations, Wise4Afrika and the Soul City Institute regarding the scheduled event, the President has upon careful consideration decided not to participate.
Each fall, MRG Foundation gathers stories of social justice and progressive change from across our grantees and partners and compiles them into our annual Impact Report! This year's report reflects a year of victories in 2012 and 2013!
Beau Doolittle Alabama Senate, District 35rigsbymcghee
Beau places an emphasis on doing what
is right instead of making decisions based
on partisanship – which he believes hurts
people. He believes in the purpose of government
set forth by the Preamble to the
United States Constitution.
It is time for the working middle class to
unite and elect someone who represents
our best economic interests. Send Beau
Doolittle to Montgomery to be our voice.
Cultural diversity is when differences in race, ethnicity, age, ability, language, nationality, socioeconomic status, gender, religion or sexual orientation are represented within a community. The community can be a country, region, city, neighborhood, company or school.
For more info visit: https://www.ndimdelhi.org/
President Ramaphosa withdraws from Chairman's Conversation SABC News
President Cyril Ramaphosa has decided to withdraw from The Chairman’s Conversation hosted by Gauteng-based radio station Power FM. His participation was slated for the 28th of November 2019 in Johannesburg. In the light of concerns raised by civil society organisations, Wise4Afrika and the Soul City Institute regarding the scheduled event, the President has upon careful consideration decided not to participate.
Each fall, MRG Foundation gathers stories of social justice and progressive change from across our grantees and partners and compiles them into our annual Impact Report! This year's report reflects a year of victories in 2012 and 2013!
GENNOVATE: Enabling gender equality in agricultural and environmental innovationCGIAR
This presentation was given by Marlene Elias (Bioversity International) and Lone Badstue (CIMMYT), as part of the Capacity Development Workshop hosted by the CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research. The event took place on 7-8 December 2017 in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, where the Platform is hosted (by KIT Royal Tropical Institute).
Read more: http://gender.cgiar.org/gender_events/annual-scientific-conference-capacity-development-workshop-cgiar-collaborative-platform-gender-research/
GENNOVATE: Enabling gender equality in agricultural and environmental innovationIFPRI-PIM
This presentation was given by Marlene Elias (Bioversity International) and Lone Badstue (CIMMYT), as part of the Capacity Development Workshop hosted by the CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research. The event took place on 7-8 December 2017 in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, where the Platform is hosted (by KIT Royal Tropical Institute).
Read more: http://gender.cgiar.org/gender_events/annual-scientific-conference-capacity-development-workshop-cgiar-collaborative-platform-gender-research/
Gendered post-harvest losses among informal retailers in EgyptCGIAR
This presentation was given by Seamus Murphy (World Fish), as part of the Annual Scientific Conference hosted by the CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research. The event took place on 5-6 December 2017 in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, where the Platform is hosted (by KIT Royal Tropical Institute).
Read more: http://gender.cgiar.org/gender_events/annual-scientific-conference-capacity-development-workshop-cgiar-collaborative-platform-gender-research/
Gendered post-harvest losses among informal retailers in EgyptIFPRI-PIM
This presentation was given by Seamus Murphy (World Fish), as part of the Annual Scientific Conference hosted by the CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research. The event took place on 5-6 December 2017 in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, where the Platform is hosted (by KIT Royal Tropical Institute).
Read more: http://gender.cgiar.org/gender_events/annual-scientific-conference-capacity-development-workshop-cgiar-collaborative-platform-gender-research/
Chapter 2 - Guiding Principles of GovernanceGoh Bang Rui
Subscribe to my education channel.
bit.ly/gohbangrui
What are the guiding principles in Singapore? There are a total of 4 guiding principles of good governance.
1. Leadership is key
2. Anticipate changes and stay relevant
3. Reward for work and work for reward (meritocracy)
4. A stake for everyone, opportunities for all
Thank you for watching my slides.
Any feedback is welcome.
Secondary 3 Express/ Normal Academic
Chapter 2 - Guiding Principles of Governance.
The farming project dubbed Kilimo Bora Kwa kina Mama Project (Food crop cultivation for Women) was designed to provide an alternative source of income for the widows in Homa-bay district far from the fish mongering business that is rampant in the area due to its proximity to the lake Victoria, which is largely responsible for the high HIV/AIDS prevalence rates amongst the women, most of whom are widows in the district.
More at: www.cepacet.org
Gendered youth transitions to adulthood in the Drylands: Implications for tar...CGIAR
This presentation was given on 19 December 2019 by Esther Njuguna-Mungai (CGIAR Research Program on Grain Legumes and Dryland Cereals), Ms. Katindi Sivi-Njonjo (GLDC Affiliated PhD student) and Dr. Eileen Bogweh Nchanji (International Center for Tropical Agriculture / CIAT) as part of the webinar ‘Gendered youth transitions to adulthood in the Drylands: Implications for targeting'. The webinar was co-organized by the CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research and the CGIAR Research Program on Grain Legumes and Dryland Cereals.
Read more about this webinar at: https://gender.cgiar.org/webinar-youth-dryland/
Find out about other webinars hosted by the CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research: http://gender.cgiar.org/gender_events/webinars/
Power through: A new concept in the empowerment discourseCGIAR
This presentation was given by Alessandra Galiè (ILRI) and Cathy Farnworth (independent) on 27 November 2019, as part of the webinar ‘Power through: A new concept in the empowerment discourse'. The webinar was co-organized by the CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research and the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI).
Read more about this webinar at: https://gender.cgiar.org/webinar-power-through/
Find out about other webinars hosted by the CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research: http://gender.cgiar.org/gender_events/webinars/
Friends, neighbours and village cereal stockists: hope for non-hybrid seed ac...CGIAR
This presentation was given by Esther Njuguna-Mungai (CGIAR Research Program on Grain Legumes and Dryland Cereals) on 21 November 2019, as part of the webinar ‘Gender dynamics in formal seed systems in Sub-Saharan Africa and worldwide lessons'. The webinar was co-organized by the CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research and CGIAR Research Program on Maize.
Read more about this webinar at: https://gender.cgiar.org/webinar-seed-system-ssa/
Find out about other webinars hosted by the CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research: http://gender.cgiar.org/gender_events/webinars/
Seed security and resilience: Gender perspectivesCGIAR
This presentation was given by Shawn McGuire (Food and Agriculture Organization / FAO) on 21 November 2019, as part of the webinar ‘Gender dynamics in formal seed systems in Sub-Saharan Africa and worldwide lessons'. The webinar was co-organized by the CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research and CGIAR Research Program on Maize.
Read more about this webinar at: https://gender.cgiar.org/webinar-seed-system-ssa/
Find out about other webinars hosted by the CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research: http://gender.cgiar.org/gender_events/webinars/
Gender dynamics in formal seed systems in Sub-Saharan Africa and worldwide le...CGIAR
This presentation was given by Rahma Adams (International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center / CIMMYT) on 21 November 2019, as part of the webinar ‘Gender dynamics in formal seed systems in Sub-Saharan Africa and worldwide lessons'. The webinar was co-organized by the CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research and CGIAR Research Program on Maize.
Read more about this webinar at: https://gender.cgiar.org/webinar-seed-system-ssa/
Find out about other webinars hosted by the CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research: http://gender.cgiar.org/gender_events/webinars/
Reflections on gender transformative approaches in agriculture – The promise ...CGIAR
This presentation was given by Franz Wong (KIT Royal Tropical Institute) and Rhiannon Pyburn (CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research) on 20 June 2019, as part of the webinar ‘Reflections on gender transformative approaches in agriculture – The promise and cautionary tales'.
The webinar was co-organized by the CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research and KIT Royal Tropical Institute.
Read more about this webinar at: https://gender.cgiar.org/webinar-gta-2019/
Find out about other webinars hosted by the CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research: http://gender.cgiar.org/gender_events/webinars/
Culture, choice and action in legume seeds systems in East and North UgandaCGIAR
This presentation was given by Dr. Esther Njuguna-Mungai (ICRISAT) and Catherine Mesianto Lengewa (CBCC-Africa) on May 10, 2019, as part of the webinar ‘Culture, choice and action in legume seeds systems in East and North Uganda'. The webinar was co-organized by the CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research and the CGIAR Research Program on Grain Legumes and Dryland Cereals.
Read more about this webinar at: https://gender.cgiar.org/webinar-nonhybrid-seeds-uganda/
Find out about other webinars hosted by the CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research: http://gender.cgiar.org/gender_events/webinars/
Gender differentiation of farmers' knowledge, trait preferences and its impac...CGIAR
This poster was presented by Hellen Opie (National Agricultural Research Organization), as part of the Annual Scientific Conference hosted by the University of Canberra and co-sponsored by the University of Canberra, the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) and CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research. The event took place on April 2-4, 2019 in Canberra, Australia.
Read more: https://www.canberra.edu.au/research/faculty-research-centres/aisc/seeds-of-change and https://gender.cgiar.org/annual-conference-2019/
Commodity corridor approach: Facilitating gender integration in development r...CGIAR
This poster was presented by Eileen Nchanji (International Center for Tropical Agriculture/CIAT), as part of the Annual Scientific Conference hosted by the University of Canberra and co-sponsored by the University of Canberra, the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) and CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research. The event took place on April 2-4, 2019 in Canberra, Australia.
Read more: https://www.canberra.edu.au/research/faculty-research-centres/aisc/seeds-of-change and https://gender.cgiar.org/annual-conference-2019/
Gender and food systems research: Key lessons from the Canadian International...CGIAR
This presentation was given by Franz Wong and Katrine Danielsen (KIT Royal Tropical Institute), and Jemimah Njuki (IDRC) on April 16, 2019, as part of the webinar ‘Typologies of change – Making sense of gender integration in agriculture and food security research'. The webinar was co-organized by the CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research and the International Development Research Centre (IDRC).
Read more about this webinar at: http://gender.cgiar.org/webinar-typologies-of-change
Find out about other webinars hosted by the CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research: http://gender.cgiar.org/gender_events/webinars/
Revisiting women's empowerment through a cultural lensCGIAR
This presentation was given by Sarah de Smet (SNV), as part of the Annual Scientific Conference hosted by the University of Canberra and co-sponsored by the University of Canberra, the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) and CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research. The event took place on April 2-4, 2019 in Canberra, Australia.
Read more: https://www.canberra.edu.au/research/faculty-research-centres/aisc/seeds-of-change and https://gender.cgiar.org/annual-conference-2019/
Integrating gender in aquaculture and small scale fisheries agri-food systems...CGIAR
This presentation was given by Julie Newton (KIT Royal Tropical Institute), as part of the Annual Scientific Conference hosted by the University of Canberra and co-sponsored by the University of Canberra, the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) and CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research. The event took place on April 2-4, 2019 in Canberra, Australia.
Read more: https://www.canberra.edu.au/research/faculty-research-centres/aisc/seeds-of-change and https://gender.cgiar.org/annual-conference-2019/
Learning to work as a farming family team: Farmer responses to a gender-inclu...CGIAR
This presentation was given by Gloria Nema (CARE), as part of the Annual Scientific Conference hosted by the University of Canberra and co-sponsored by the University of Canberra, the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) and CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research. The event took place on April 2-4, 2019 in Canberra, Australia.
Read more: https://www.canberra.edu.au/research/faculty-research-centres/aisc/seeds-of-change and https://gender.cgiar.org/annual-conference-2019/
Building gender equity from the bottom up in agricultural communitiesCGIAR
This keynote presentation was given by Katherine Gibson (Western Sydney University), as part of the Annual Scientific Conference hosted by the University of Canberra and co-sponsored by the University of Canberra, the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) and CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research. The event took place on April 2-4, 2019 in Canberra, Australia.
Read more: https://www.canberra.edu.au/research/faculty-research-centres/aisc/seeds-of-change and https://gender.cgiar.org/annual-conference-2019/
The role of paid and unpaid labour on sorghum and finger millet production in...CGIAR
This presentation was given by Rachel Gitundu (International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics / ICRISAT), as part of the Annual Scientific Conference hosted by the University of Canberra and co-sponsored by the University of Canberra, the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) and CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research. The event took place on April 2-4, 2019 in Canberra, Australia.
Read more: https://www.canberra.edu.au/research/faculty-research-centres/aisc/seeds-of-change and https://gender.cgiar.org/annual-conference-2019/
Scrutinizing the 'feminization of agriculture' hypothesis: trajectories of la...CGIAR
This presentation was given by Kartika Juniwaty (Center for International Forestry Research), as part of the Annual Scientific Conference hosted by the University of Canberra and co-sponsored by the University of Canberra, the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) and CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research. The event took place on April 2-4, 2019 in Canberra, Australia.
Read more: https://www.canberra.edu.au/research/faculty-research-centres/aisc/seeds-of-change and https://gender.cgiar.org/annual-conference-2019/
Rural transformation, empowerment, and agricultural linkages in NepalCGIAR
This presentation was given by Kalyani Raghunathan (International Food Policy Research Institute), as part of the Annual Scientific Conference hosted by the University of Canberra and co-sponsored by the University of Canberra, the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) and CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research. The event took place on April 2-4, 2019 in Canberra, Australia.
Read more: https://www.canberra.edu.au/research/faculty-research-centres/aisc/seeds-of-change and https://gender.cgiar.org/annual-conference-2019/
Intra-household decision-making processes: What the qualitative and quantitat...CGIAR
This presentation was given by Juliana Muriel (International Center for Tropical Agriculture / CIAT), as part of the Annual Scientific Conference hosted by the University of Canberra and co-sponsored by the University of Canberra, the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) and CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research. The event took place on April 2-4, 2019 in Canberra, Australia.
Read more: https://www.canberra.edu.au/research/faculty-research-centres/aisc/seeds-of-change and https://gender.cgiar.org/annual-conference-2019/
Developing measures of freedom of movement for gender studies of agricultural...CGIAR
This presentation was given by Jessica Heckert (International Food Policy Research Institute), as part of the Annual Scientific Conference hosted by the University of Canberra and co-sponsored by the University of Canberra, the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) and CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research. The event took place on April 2-4, 2019 in Canberra, Australia.
Read more: https://www.canberra.edu.au/research/faculty-research-centres/aisc/seeds-of-change and https://gender.cgiar.org/annual-conference-2019/
Building intellectual bridges and shared agendas / Strategy and example: gend...CGIAR
This double presentation was given by Jayne Curnow (Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research) and Vicki Wilde (Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation), as part of the Annual Scientific Conference hosted by the University of Canberra and co-sponsored by the University of Canberra, the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) and CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research. The event took place on April 2-4, 2019 in Canberra, Australia.
Read more: https://www.canberra.edu.au/research/faculty-research-centres/aisc/seeds-of-change and https://gender.cgiar.org/annual-conference-2019/
Diabetes is a rapidly and serious health problem in Pakistan. This chronic condition is associated with serious long-term complications, including higher risk of heart disease and stroke. Aggressive treatment of hypertension and hyperlipideamia can result in a substantial reduction in cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes 1. Consequently pharmacist-led diabetes cardiovascular risk (DCVR) clinics have been established in both primary and secondary care sites in NHS Lothian during the past five years. An audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery at the clinics was conducted in order to evaluate practice and to standardize the pharmacists’ documentation of outcomes. Pharmaceutical care issues (PCI) and patient details were collected both prospectively and retrospectively from three DCVR clinics. The PCI`s were categorized according to a triangularised system consisting of multiple categories. These were ‘checks’, ‘changes’ (‘change in drug therapy process’ and ‘change in drug therapy’), ‘drug therapy problems’ and ‘quality assurance descriptors’ (‘timer perspective’ and ‘degree of change’). A verified medication assessment tool (MAT) for patients with chronic cardiovascular disease was applied to the patients from one of the clinics. The tool was used to quantify PCI`s and pharmacist actions that were centered on implementing or enforcing clinical guideline standards. A database was developed to be used as an assessment tool and to standardize the documentation of achievement of outcomes. Feedback on the audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery and the database was received from the DCVR clinic pharmacist at a focus group meeting.
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
Micro RNA genes and their likely influence in rice (Oryza sativa L.) dynamic ...Open Access Research Paper
Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs molecules having approximately 18-25 nucleotides, they are present in both plants and animals genomes. MiRNAs have diverse spatial expression patterns and regulate various developmental metabolisms, stress responses and other physiological processes. The dynamic gene expression playing major roles in phenotypic differences in organisms are believed to be controlled by miRNAs. Mutations in regions of regulatory factors, such as miRNA genes or transcription factors (TF) necessitated by dynamic environmental factors or pathogen infections, have tremendous effects on structure and expression of genes. The resultant novel gene products presents potential explanations for constant evolving desirable traits that have long been bred using conventional means, biotechnology or genetic engineering. Rice grain quality, yield, disease tolerance, climate-resilience and palatability properties are not exceptional to miRN Asmutations effects. There are new insights courtesy of high-throughput sequencing and improved proteomic techniques that organisms’ complexity and adaptations are highly contributed by miRNAs containing regulatory networks. This article aims to expound on how rice miRNAs could be driving evolution of traits and highlight the latest miRNA research progress. Moreover, the review accentuates miRNAs grey areas to be addressed and gives recommendations for further studies.
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
The effects of sweetpotato commercialization on men and women producers and traders in Homa bay and Bungoma, Kenya
1. C G I A R G E N D E R
S C I E N T I F I C
C O N F E R E N C E
S e p t e m b e r 2 0 1 8 ,
A d d i s A b a b a
The effects of sweetpotato
commercialization on men and women
producers and traders in Homa bay and
Bungoma Kenya
Netsayi N Mudege & Norman Kwikiriza, Simon Heck
Presented by Nozomi Kawarazuka
3. Background/Objectives
Sweetpotato regarded as a woman’s crop because
it has historically not been cultivated for cash
To discuss how
• the development and commercialization OFSP value
chains affects the framework of opportunities and
constraints for smallholder sweetpotato farmers
including women
• How commercialisation of SP value chains affect
livelihoods of small holder farmers
4. Methodology
Social relations approach
Gender relations are part of social relations of power, which
ultimately determine roles, responsibilities as well as distribution
of resources and benefits’ (Mudege et al., 2017)
Gender relations can worsen or improve as a result of
commercialization
Commercialization provides opportunity for conflict, cooperation
and bargaining between men and women which has the potential
of improving gender relations as well as increasing the income that
accrue to both
5. Tools
16 FGDs (8men/8women) (Total # 60 men and 80 women)
41 female and 1 male retailer
IDI 10 men 10 women
6. Challenges related to the sweetpotato enterprise
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
#ofIDIsandFGDsachallengewasmentioned
Men IDI Men FGD Women IDI Women FGD
“the people
with oxen cheat
you that they
will come until
sweet potatoes;
vines go bad”
(A married
female
Kabondo)
7. R: If you find a man who does not like it all the
problems will be heaped on you. You are the one who
is going to plant it, weed it. All that will be upon you.
When it comes to the day of harvesting he is the one
who sits there because he wants to be the one to
remove it. At the time of work he is far away and
when the time for money comes he draws nearer
….women have problems. You don’t even know how
many kilos of sweet potatoes you have harvested. He
does not want you to know. He will tell you that you
did not come with land and that the land is his… so
you will just keep quiet and do your own things
(widowed female, Kabondo)
8. Social and health benefits
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
School fees
Buying household goods and furniture/build house
Good health
Food
Maintaining social networks
Independence
Less labour intensive/can hire labour
Early maturity
Clothes
# of IDIs a benefit of OFSP is mentioned
Women Men
‘Sweet potato business is a good husband who gives me money without
abuses’ (A married women respondent aged 38, Homabay)
9. Economic benefits
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Income
Bought cattle
Bought land/rent/other farming investments
Savings
Bought goat/sheep
Bought an oxplough/motorbike
Access to loans/open bank account
Debt repayment
# of IDIs in which a benefit is mentioned
Women Men
10. Economic benefits
The nature of commercialization has evolved with new modes of
commercialization such as involvement of the private sector
increasingly becoming dominant
Adv of SP commercialisatio
• 1) bulk sales which reduced the drudgery related to small sales which
people have to carry on their heads or bicycles for long distances
• 2) pricing system is standardized through payment per kilogram which both
men and women farmers regarded as fair compared to the traditional way
of selling by volume such as bags or heaps;
• 3) additionally the major private sector player Organi limited was regarded
as an honest broker who always paid for sweetpotato delivered compared to
informal market traders who farmers regarded as not to be completely
trusted as they could sometimes refuse to pay for goods delivered.
11. Decisions on income
FGD men
Commerc
ial
kamiola1
FGD men
Commerc
ial
kamiola2
FGD
commerc
ial
Bungoma
1
FGD
commerc
ial
Bungoma
2
Fgd
commerc
ial
Kabondo
men1
Fgd
commerc
ial
Kabondo
men2
FGD Men
commerc
ial Rodi1
FGD Men
commerc
ial Rodi2
Own
clothes
3000 2,000 600
Taxi home 3000
Food home 1500 2000 1000 1,500 1,000 1500
For wife 500 500 1000 500
Phone 2500
Drink
alcohol
5,000
farming 2000 3000 1,000 8,500 3000 2000
Entertainm
ent
2000 5000
School fees 3000 4500 4000 3500
School
Uniform
1000 1000 1000
Pocket
money
500 900
Side chibk 2000
family
emergency 1500 1500
debt 1000 500
saving 1500
Men's mock budgets
13. Impact of commercialization on livelihoods
1.3
2.7
6.0 6.0
4.0
1.3
2.3
4.3
7.0
5.3
3.0
7.0
6.3
2.7
2.0
1.5
2.3
6.7
4.7
5.3
Step 5 Step 4 Step 3 Step 2 Step 1
Men Now Men 3 years ago Women Now Women 3 years ago
Perceived changes in people's livelihoods up and down the
community ladder over a period of 3 years
14. Men blamed SP commercialization for making it harder to get land to
rent due to increased competition and rental fees
Women mentioned that availability of money from OFSP has made
their lives better since they can rent small pieces of land and stop
depending on their men
Increased availability of low level jobs such as sweetpotato washing but
blamed for high dropout rates among young men and women
15. The person at the bottom of ladder rarely benefits significantly…just
provides underpaid labour to sweetpotato (OFSP) farmers
• “Unlike the highest ranked person in the community, the person at the
lowest level of the ladder of life leads a hopeless life because he is lazy and
has not embraced any type of farming to improve his life because he even
does not have a piece of land to practice farming. He actually leads the hand
to mouth type of life”. (A woman mixed FGD participant, Kabondo).
Women more positive about general livelihood improvement in the
community due to agricultural commercialization
Better private markets (e.g. Organi) has led to higher incomes
Freer and more availability of information was also regarded as a
reason why the poorest group of farmers was shrinking coupled with
increase of people in step3 and Step4.
16. Discussion
Commercialization allowed women to challenge hierarchical male
domination
• Women are contributing more to households and are being consulted more
by men on household decisions
• Women are able to buy livestock, or land and other assets which has
improved their economic and social standing relative to their husbans
Women are able to fund the life style they want
However some men take over sweetpotato farming and marketing after
commercalisation
Gendered access to resources such as land in some instances
determined whether and how men and women were able to benefit
from commercialization.
in some cases the process of commercialization concentrated power in
men’s hands since they were able to make independent decisions on
crop cultivation and could also easily control the income which most
women could not challenge in deference to the notion of men as heads
of households..
17. The study validates the importance of joint decision making in ensuring
men and women equally benefit
When promoting commercialization, practitioners need to understand
how social differentiation within the community may affect the ability
of men and women benefitting from commercialization processes.
Other social differences such as marital status and age also impacted on
the ability of women to benefit from commercialization. (e.g. widowed
vs married; polygamous vs monogamous marriages; older married
women vs newly married women)
18. The International Potato Center (known by its Spanish acronym CIP)
is a research-for-development organization with a focus on potato,
sweetpotato, and Andean roots and tubers. CIP is dedicated to delivering
sustainable science-based solutions to the pressing world issues of hunger,
poverty, gender equity, climate change and the preservation of our Earth’s
fragile biodiversity and natural resources.
www.cipotato.org
This study was undertaken as part of the CGIAR Research Programs on
Roots, Tubers and Bananas (RTB) and Policies, Institutions, and Markets
(PIM). Implementation was led by CIP. Funding support was provided by
IFAD/EU and PIM.
Editor's Notes
For example, when groundnuts were commercialized in Zambia and men became more involved in groundnuts, women did not see this as losing control of groundnut production and income, but were happy that men were more helpful which reduced women’s labour demands.
Family disagreements related to use of income and investments mentioned as a key challenge
An analysis of baseline data for sweetpotato sales among widowed and married women who indicated that they made decisions regarding selling of sweetpotato, shows higher sales for married women compared to widowed women.
For example, it was often noted that widowed women often did not have access to the capital they needed to hire labour and oxen to help with land preparation to expand their farming enterprise.
Thus, while for men family disagreements did not affect their ability to participate, for women these could affect their ability to participate and benefit from OFSP.
Other men groups also mentioned misuse of money by men as a big problem causing suffering to women and children in the household:
Alcoholism resulting from new found extra cash by men was regarded as a key problem leading to violence within the home.
Both men and women mentioned that engaging in OFSP trade increased independence in decision making for women. For example, women can easily buy household goods, can easily go on a journey or attend family functions and funerals without having to beg for travel money.
both men and women perceived more respect from other community members when they started doing well through their engagement in orange fleshed sweetpotato sales
Women’s budgets were similar thematically to the first ideal budget by men. Women invested more in schooling and farming. Women often stated that men’s budgets were not always transparent and some men used family money on alcohol while women were concerned with issues like food and school fees. Although there are men who consult their wives, both men and women agreed that women’s budgets were usually family friendly but were usually not consulted by men once the money came in
However, women who made joint budget decisions with their husbands were often happy about how money is used. This shows that if joint decisions are made regarding expenditures, families benefit.
Only women respondents mentioned that orange sweetpotato farming businesses had enabled them to have savings, open bank accounts as well as make it easy for them to pay back debt.
Step 5 is better off step 1 worse off
. households where men and women made joint decisions about production of OFSP and its marketing, produced more sweetpotato for the market and made joint decisions about use of income from marketed sweetpotato compared to households that did not make joint production decisions. t from commercialization
However, it is interesting to note that women in polygamous experienced more independence and ability to participate in the commercialized OFSP production and often hailed it as providing a means for them to look after their families without waiting for the husband or begging for his money
Additionally, it was also clear that compared to older married women, newly married women had little control over income from sweetpotato commercialization even when they were contributing all the labour, because of deference paid to male household heads. Often the children of the poorest in the community also provided labour to better off farmers missing out on education creating a vicious cycle of poverty