This presentation was given by Tatiana Gumucio (International Research Institute for Climate and Society [IRI]) on January 23, 2019 as part of the webinar 'Guidelines and good practices for achieving gender equality outcomes through climate services'. The webinar was co-organized by the CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research and the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS).
Read more about this webinar at: https://gender.cgiar.org/webinar-guidelines-climate-services/
Find out about other webinars hosted by the CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research: http://gender.cgiar.org/gender_events/webinars/
6. Access to group processes
• Sociocultural norms that limit
public interactions between
women and men
• Biases in group membership
criteria
• Partner with women’s groups
• Schedule trainings to
accommodate women’s limited
mobility and work schedules
Considerations Actions
8. Access to sources and formats
• Significance of source proximity
to the village to enhance
women’s access
• Inequalities in access to
financial resources to purchase
communication assets
• Gender differences in education
level and literacy
• Household care work can limit
women’s time available to listen
to radio programs
• Use different types of locally
relevant sources and formats
available
• Identify key contacts in the
community to share information
• Ensure that ICT or media-based
channels are time-saving for
women
Considerations Actions
9. Gender challenges
• Groups and
peer networks
• Sources and
formats
Access • Information
relevance
Use
Benefit
10. Differences in climate information
relevance
• Differential control of resources
and climate-sensitive decisions
• Varying needs for weather and
climate information
• Target information products to
women’s and men’s needs
Considerations Actions
11. Gender challenges
• Groups and
peer networks
• Sources and
formats
Access • Information
relevance
• Capacities to
act
Use
Benefit
12. Differences in capacity to act
• Gender gap in access/control
over key productive resources
• Socio-cultural norms can
prevent women from
participating in climate-sensitive
decision-making
• Identify how norms and
institutions influence
participation/benefit from a
project
• Partner with local organizations
engaged in social change
processes
Considerations Actions
13. Datasets for gender-aware M&E
Gender-based
challenge
Monitor Evaluate
Access to group
processes
Whether or not women and men belong
to groups
What types of groups
Extent of access to weather and climate
information through them
Promotion of group processes that
enable women and men to access
weather and climate information
Access to local sources
and formats
Gender inequalities in access to local
sources and formats of weather and
climate information
Sources and formats that women and
men use the most for accessing weather
and climate-related information
Availability of channels and
formats that permit women’s
and men’s access to weather
and climate information
Gender inequalities in
awareness of weather and
climate information
Information relevance
and capacity to act on
information
Gender differences in demand for
weather and climate information
products
Gender differences in participation in
agricultural decision-making
Gender differences in access to
productive resources necessary to act
on information
Gender differences in usefulness of
weather and climate information
content for livelihoods decision-
making.
Participation in decision-
making
Gender differences in participation
in agricultural decision-making
14. Datasets for gender-aware M&E
Gender-based
challenge
Monitor Evaluate
Access to group
processes
Whether or not women and men belong
to groups
What types of groups
Extent of access to weather and climate
information through them
Promotion of group processes that
enable women and men to access
weather and climate information
Access to local sources
and formats
Gender inequalities in access to local
sources and formats of weather and
climate information
Sources and formats that women and
men use the most for accessing weather
and climate-related information
Availability of channels and
formats that permit women’s
and men’s access to weather
and climate information
Gender inequalities in
awareness of weather and
climate information
Information relevance
and capacity to act on
information
Gender differences in demand for
weather and climate information
products
Gender differences in participation in
agricultural decision-making
Gender differences in access to
productive resources necessary to act
on information
Gender differences in usefulness of
weather and climate information
content for livelihoods decision-
making.
Participation in decision-
making
Gender differences in participation
in agricultural decision-making
15. Datasets for gender-aware M&E
Gender-based
challenge
Monitor Evaluate
Access to group
processes
Whether or not women and men belong
to groups
What types of groups
Extent of access to weather and climate
information through them
Promotion of group processes that
enable women and men to access
weather and climate information
Access to local sources
and formats
Gender inequalities in access to local
sources and formats of weather and
climate information
Sources and formats that women and
men use the most for accessing weather
and climate-related information
Availability of channels and
formats that permit women’s
and men’s access to weather
and climate information
Gender inequalities in
awareness of weather and
climate information
Information relevance
and capacity to act on
information
Gender differences in demand for
weather and climate information
products
Gender differences in participation in
agricultural decision-making
Gender differences in access to
productive resources necessary to act
on information
Gender differences in usefulness of
weather and climate information
content for livelihoods decision-
making.
Participation in decision-
making
Gender differences in participation
in agricultural decision-making
16. Datasets for gender-aware M&E
Gender-based
challenge
Monitor Evaluate
Access to group
processes
Whether or not women and men belong
to groups
What types of groups
Extent of access to weather and climate
information through them
Promotion of group processes that
enable women and men to access
weather and climate information
Access to local sources
and formats
Gender inequalities in access to local
sources and formats of weather and
climate information
Sources and formats that women and
men use the most for accessing weather
and climate-related information
Availability of channels and
formats that permit women’s
and men’s access to weather
and climate information
Gender inequalities in
awareness of weather and
climate information
Information relevance
and capacity to act on
information
Gender differences in demand for
weather and climate information
products
Gender differences in participation in
agricultural decision-making
Gender differences in access to
productive resources necessary to act
on information
Gender differences in usefulness of
weather and climate information
content for livelihoods decision-
making.
Participation in decision-
making
Gender differences in participation
in agricultural decision-making
17. Datasets for gender-aware M&E
Gender-based
challenge
Monitor Evaluate
Access to group
processes
Whether or not women and men belong
to groups
What types of groups
Extent of access to weather and climate
information through them
Promotion of group processes that
enable women and men to access
weather and climate information
Access to local sources
and formats
Gender inequalities in access to local
sources and formats of weather and
climate information
Sources and formats that women and
men use the most for accessing weather
and climate-related information
Availability of channels and
formats that permit women’s
and men’s access to weather
and climate information
Gender inequalities in
awareness of weather and
climate information
Information relevance
and capacity to act on
information
Gender differences in demand for
weather and climate information
products
Gender differences in participation in
agricultural decision-making
Gender differences in access to
productive resources necessary to act
on information
Gender differences in usefulness of
weather and climate information
content for livelihoods decision-
making.
Participation in decision-
making
Gender differences in participation
in agricultural decision-making
18. Recommendations for M&E
• Collect information on key gender trends that influence
inequalities in access and use
19. Recommendations for M&E
• Collect information on key gender trends that influence
inequalities in access and use
• Use mixed methods
20. Recommendations for M&E
• Collect information on key gender trends that influence
inequalities in access and use
• Use mixed methods
• Include women’s empowerment indicators according to
the project’s expected outcomes
21. Recommendations for M&E
• Collect information on key gender trends that influence
inequalities in access and use
• Use mixed methods
• Include women’s empowerment indicators according to
the project’s expected outcomes
• Assess impacts on women’s participation in agricultural
decision-making
22. Recommendations for M&E
• Collect information on key gender trends that influence
inequalities in access and use
• Use mixed methods
• Include women’s empowerment indicators according to
the project’s expected outcomes
• Assess impacts on women’s participation in agricultural
decision-making
• Follow standards for sex-disaggregated data collection
(Doss & Kieran, 2014)
Mention that these findings and guidelines can be found, explained in detail as CCAFS publications online.
“Climate services” refers to the “production, translation, transfer, and use of climate knowledge and information in climate-informed decision making and climate-smart policy and planning” (Climate Services Partnership). Within an enabling environment, climate information and advisories allow farmers to understand risks, anticipate and manage extreme events, take advantage of favorable climate conditions, and adapt to change.
due to gender-related factors, women and men can face differing challenges and opportunities to access climate-related information, use it to improve management, and consequently, benefit from improved management decisions
norms that associate public meeting participation with men and restrict cross-gender interaction in public spaces can limit women from participating in trainings and meetings
Partnerships with. . .community-based and female-dominated groups and networks can be important, to facilitate channels through which women can access weather and climate information.
Concerning planning of meetings. . It’s important to consider that
Women can experience time limitations as a result of their roles in household work and childcare
Consequently, it can be key to give women enough advanced notice so that they can coordinate with their daily work and household responsibilities
also it can be important to make efforts to hold meetings and trainings within the village, where women’s childcare and household responsibilities tend to take place
Women’s childcare and household responsibilities can restrict their access to information sources located within the village
Women are more likely to lack financial resources needed to purchase communication assets
Due to differences in level of education and literacy, men can be more able than women to interpret seasonal forecasting, which often contains dense technical information
Women’s household care work can limit their time available to listen to agricultural education programs on the radio
Develop information delivery channels suited to men’s and women’s preferences by taking advantage of different types of locally relevant sources and formats available (i.e. SMS messaging, radio, meteorological blackboards, influential people)
It can be helpful to identify key contacts in the community for example, women who own their own cell phones can share information received with female family members and friends
Make sure that use of ICTs or media devices fits with women’s existing livelihood activities and/or saves time
Sociocultural norms concerning labor roles can influence the resources and decisions under women’s and men’s control. For example, research in Kaffrine, Senegal, shows that women farmers can tend to plant late because they labor on men’s plots before their own and must often wait to use men’s farming equipment
This affects the types of weather and climate information that are useful to women and men
Target information and services to each gender’s specific needs
If women’s crop cultivation occurs later in the season than men’s, information about seasonal onset is rendered less useful. In these situations, women farmers can instead prefer information concerning cessation and dry spells, while information on seasonal onset and total distribution can be of greater interest to men
Due to resource control: Studies in Tanzania and Senegal have found that men more than women can tend to own necessary farming equipment, livestock and land
Due to decision-making roles: Entrenched sociocultural norms about agricultural and household roles and responsibilities can prevent women from participating in climate-sensitive decision-making
(this is a particularly difficult challenge to address, especially for climate services alone)
Acknowledge and understand the prevalent sociocultural norms that influence gender roles and responsibilities
Partner with local organizations who are already engaged in social change processes
Assess what sources and formats women and men most commonly access
Evaluate – the extent to which the intervention is making available channels that women and men can access
Assess: gender differences.. . In participation in agricultural decision-making and inequalities in access to productive resources in order to identify barriers to act on information over the course of the project
Evaluate: differences in perceived usefulness of weather and climate information among women and men, seeking that content is found useful to both
Using mixed methods can help convey the reasons for changes in gender inequalities, for example, as they concern shifts in decision-making roles and control of productive resources
depending on the significance of women’s empowerment to the project’s outcomes, it is also necessary that indicators targeting aspects of women’s empowerment be used. Existing frameworks and indices for measuring women’s empowerment in agriculture (e.g., WEIA) can be drawn upon for the development of appropriate indicators.
Despite variations across projects’ expected outcomes, the aspect of empowerment that gender-aware climate services should be sure to include in evaluation of benefits is changes in women’s and men’s participation in agricultural decision-making.
Follow standards for sex-disaggregated data collection. To permit accurate gender analysis, it is also paramount that surveys include questions that ask about women and men (“who” questions) and that information is collected from both women and men.