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Agroclimate Information Systems (ACIS) for women and ethnic minority farmers in Southeast Asia
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This presentation was given by Elisabeth Simelton (World Agroforestry Center) on January 23, 2019 as part of the webinar 'Guidelines and good practices for achieving gender equality outcomes through climate services'. The webinar was co-organized by the CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research and the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS). Read more about this webinar at: https://gender.cgiar.org/webinar-guidelines-climate-services/ Find out about other webinars hosted by the CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research: http://gender.cgiar.org/gender_events/webinars/
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Agroclimate Information Systems (ACIS) for women and ethnic minority farmers in Southeast Asia
- Agroclimate information systems (ACIS) for women and ethnic minority farmers in Southeast Asia - lessons learned on gender - Elisabeth Simelton and Tuan Minh Duong World Agroforestry Contact: E.Simelton@cgiar.org Gender Webinar 23 January 2019 I understand the agro- advise because I made it
- Starting point 2014 Disconnected actors in the climate service value chain (horizontally and vertically) One-way (top down) information flow. No feedback loop from users. Little understanding of various farmers’ needs. Gendered needs invisible Questionable actionability of existing climate services Baseline survey (1330 households): gendered needs are context- specific Production Translation Transfer Use Development project Climate-smart village 2015-2018 98 villages 20,000 farmers
- ACIS selected interventions 2015-2018 Production Translation Transfer Use Development project Climate-smart village 2015-2018 98 villages 20,000 farmers Production - seasonal forecasts indicators Translation - Participatory Scenario Planning + savings/interest groups- agro- advisory by women and men champion farmers Transfer & Use – dissemination by multiple actors and formats Feedback – evaluation of forecast, advisories and actions in the following scenario planning meeting
- Do women and men farmers have different preferences? No. 1 Women and men Men liked Women disliked Men liked Women liked Source: Duong et al 2017 https://hdl.handle.net/10568/87972 Indicators • Understandable • Useful • Appropriate • Take time to read
- Interpreting weather information Farmers’ icon for light rain Participatory tool, see: http://www.worldagroforestry.org/output/talking-toolkit/participatory-weather Weather icons not universal (cultural, gender, literacy) Windy (realtime weather maps) excellent training tools for women and men
- Monitoring Simplify self-monitoring tool • Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture Index • Farmer & group logbooks Observations gendered tasks • Opportunities to make new practices gender neutral, e.g. vermiculture, nursery Gender-awareness activities • Husband/wife task swaps • Women have less time to read agroadvisories Le et al. 2017 Farmer’s logbook https://hdl.handle.net/10568/90538 Le et al. 2018 Group logbook https://hdl.handle.net/10568/90539
- Evaluation tool Simelton et al. 2018. Guide for impact assessment on agro-climate information services https://hdl.handle.net/10568/97851 • Yield, income • Inputs • Timing • Avoided loss • Gender participation • Social learning Impacts • Useful • Understand • Relevance • Trust Actionability • Specific examples • What & why? Focus group discussion • Impact 1 • Impact 2 • Impact 3 Ranking
- Evaluation I share more farm decisions with my wife/husband • 100% of men and 70% of women (Laos) • 100% of men and women (Vietnam) My husband/wife and I work better together • 85% of men, 83 % of women (Laos) • 100% of men and women (Vietnam) Among top 3 benefits of ACIS • Women’s participation in decision making • Men’s participation in decision making • Social learning • Crop selection, resource use “We have work to do together: same work, same problem. It's our family work” “We know the weather forecast and take more decisions together” n=92 Laos, n=84 Vietnam Farmer sharing with neighbours how she makes compost
- Gendered or mixed groups? • Women prefer female trainers. Men had no preference • Women may practice speaking skills with other women. There are also shy men • In mixed groups, women realized that they could learn tree management from men • Why ‘or’? • Savings & interest groups : interchangeably both heads of household participate with rotating leader and deputy of different gender
- Communication channels • If farmers make the advisories and training manuals, they understand • Offer a diversity of formats and different times • The bulletin has pictures so I can understand (illiterate) • The bulletin should be sent via sms to get more frequent and updated information • Should be available for more crops and fruit trees
- Summary Alliance – from start to scale: farmers - research – development - local government - civil society organisations as partners Co-production - The presence of meteorologists and extension while preparing the agroadvisories increased the mutual understanding and feedback Inclusive - Accumulation and documentation of women’s and men’s knowledge and observations Strengthening - Making the agroadvisories together meant that women and men dared to share
Editor's Notes
- ACIS = one core model 5 variations Weather – agroadvise not coorganised Gender – extension (male) – women not visible in the value chain Dien Bien & Ha Tinh, Vietnam: 33 villages & 13,900 farmers Phongsaly & Ekxang, Lao PDR: 21 villages & 3,700 farmers Rathanakiri, Cambodia: 44 villages reached 2,483 farmers
- ACIS = one core model 5 variations Weather – agroadvise not coorganised Gender – extension (male) – women not visible in the value chain Dien Bien & Ha Tinh, Vietnam: 33 villages & 13,900 farmers Phongsaly & Ekxang, Lao PDR: 21 villages & 3,700 farmers Rathanakiri, Cambodia: 44 villages reached 2,483 farmers
- bulletins 6 designs – weather forecasts, same information in different designs As I am talking you can think about which one you think women and men preferred Women prefer mix of icons and text : children can read No abbreviations Icons – not useful – takes time to interpret. Icons are not conventional (we learn from newspapers or TV, farmers don’t read)
- Monitoring : we underestimated the time and willingness to use logbooks. From day-by-day what you do == to these are the steps, fill in the dates
- Evaluation Focus groups (category: gender, age, farm type, ACIS user groups, …) Appr 7 per group Max 1 hour – quick survey during ordinary work Baseline & Evaluation : quantitative, qualitative and group interviews Individual responses as likert scale Individual responses as likert scale Focus group discussion on section 1&2 (if open responses, see where responses differ, raise examples) Individual ranking of impacts Merge to group responses.
- Lao : some difference between villages and between those in PSP and indirect users
- Very similar responses from women and men
- Private partnership in phase 2 The accumulation of local knowledge and adaptation strategies from mixed groups, meant that both women’s and men’s knowledge and observations were documented Empowering - Making the agroadvisories together meant that women and men were comfortable presenting and sharing results They made it together so they dare to share it
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