Wi-Fi is the new 4G

Wi-Fi is the new 4G
Wi-‐Fi: the Real 4G! Brough Turner netBlazr brough@netblazr.com
Wi-‐Fi Mobile •  Local, products •  Ubiquitous service •  Data centric •  Voice centric •  Sta@onary or •  Mobile at auto pedestrian speeds speeds 2
Wi-‐Fi Mobile •  Local, products •  Ubiquitous service •  Data centric •  Voice centric •  Sta@onary or •  Mobile at auto pedestrian speeds speeds •  Many vendors, many •  4-‐6 vendors, market segments, ~300 customers, billions of customers 1 applica@on 3
Wi-‐Fi •  Technology leadership •  Off-‐load solu@on •  Backhaul & fixed wireless 4 October 2010 4
Spectrum history •  1920s: Primi@ve radio receivers –  Needed to restrict who transmits 5
Spectrum history •  1920s: Primi@ve radio receivers –  Needed to restrict who transmits •  1927-‐ 1934: Origin of FCC, spectrum licensing –  Ensuing decades -‐ almost all spectrum assigned –  Three bands reserved for “junk” uses 6
Spectrum history •  1920s: Primi@ve radio receivers –  Needed to restrict who transmits •  1927-‐ 1934: Origin of FCC, spectrum licensing –  Ensuing decades -‐ almost all spectrum assigned –  Three bands reserved for “junk” uses •  1985: FCC authorizes spread spectrum communica@ons in the ISM, or “junk” bands, i.e. –  900 MHz, 2.4 GHz, 5.8 GHz 7
Spectrum history •  1920s: Primi@ve radio receivers –  Needed to restrict who transmits •  1927-‐ 1934: Origin of FCC, spectrum licensing –  Ensuing decades -‐ almost all spectrum assigned –  Three bands reserved for “junk” uses •  1985: FCC authorizes spread spectrum communica@ons in the ISM, or “junk” bands, i.e. –  900 MHz, 2.4 GHz, 5.8 GHz 8
Wi-‐Fi History 1985 FCC permits communica@ons in “junk bands” at 900 MHz, 2.4 GHz & 5.8 GHz IEEE bodies iterate; eventually publish first 802.11 spec 1988 -‐ 1997 Three alternate solu@ons for 1 Mbps opera@on with a 2 Mbps op@on 1999 802.11a – 54 Mbps at 5.8 GHz using OFDM modula@on 1999 802.11b – 11 Mbps at 2.4 GHz using DSSS modula@on Wireless Ethernet Compa@bility Alliance (WECA) formed 1999 – Focuses on interoperability and a cer@fica@on program 2001 802.11d – extends the spec for other regulatory domains (EU, Japan, etc.) 2003 802.11g – 54 Mbps at 2.4 GHz using OFDM modula@on 2003 WECA adopts new name: Wi-‐Fi Alliance 9
Wi-‐Fi History 1985 FCC permits communica@ons in “junk bands” at 900 MHz, 2.4 GHz & 5.8 GHz IEEE bodies iterate; eventually publish first 802.11 spec 1988 -‐ 1997 Three alternate solu@ons for 1 Mbps opera@on with a 2 Mbps op@on 1999 802.11a – 54 Mbps at 5.8 GHz using OFDM modula@on 1999 802.11b – 11 Mbps at 2.4 GHz using DSSS modula@on Wireless Ethernet Compa@bility Alliance (WECA) formed 1999 – Focuses on interoperability and a cer@fica@on program 2001 802.11d – extends the spec for other regulatory domains (EU, Japan, etc.) 2003 802.11g – 54 Mbps at 2.4 GHz using OFDM modula@on 2003 WECA adopts new name: Wi-‐Fi Alliance 10
Addi@onal highlights •  1997: FCC authorizes Unlicensed Na@onal Informa@on Infrastructure (U-‐NII) adding 200 MHz in 5 GHz band •  2003: FCC adds 255 MHz more @ 5 GHZ; total now 555 MHz •  2003-‐2009: Task Group n works to drama@cally improve Wi-‐Fi performance, in part via MIMO and Beam forming •  2007: 802.11n drak 2 products cer@fied by the Wi-‐Fi Alliance;  Products shipping! •  2009: 802.11n spec approved 11
4 October 2010 14
Wi-‐Fi Mobile •  Local, products •  Ubiquitous service •  Data centric •  Voice centric •  Sta@onary or •  Mobile at auto pedestrian speeds speeds •  Many vendors, many •  4-‐6 vendors, market segments, ~300 customers, billions of customers 1 applica@on 15
ITU’s Vision for 3G (late 90s) Global Satellite Suburban Urban In-‐Building Picocell Microcell Macrocell Basic Terminal PDA Terminal Audio/Visual Terminal 16
“3G” Services •  Video telephony •  Loca@on-‐based services •  Push-‐to-‐Talk (VoIP w/o QoS) •  Rich presence (instant messaging) •  Fixed-‐mobile convergence (FMC) •  IP Mul@media Services (w/ QoS) –  Video sharing (conversa@onal video on IP) •  Converged “All IP” networks – the Vision 17
“3G” Services •  Video telephony Limited adop+on •  Loca@on-‐based services Bypassed ! •  Push-‐to-‐Talk (VoIP w/o QoS) Limited adop+on •  Rich presence (instant messaging) No trac+on •  Fixed-‐mobile convergence (FMC) Limited adop+on •  IP Mul@media Services (w/ QoS) Limited adop+on –  Video sharing (conversa@onal video on IP) •  Converged “All IP” networks – the Vision Too late … 18
The Internet is the killer plaqorm •  Mobile Internet access drives 3G data usage •  Walled garden –  too late ! 19
iPhone traffic 20
US data traffic 21
US data traffic = 3.3x per year… 22
Global mobile data traffic •  Nearly tripled between 2Q2009 and 2Q2010 TB/month 250000 200000 150000 TB/month 100000 50000 0 2Q2009 2Q2010 Source: Ericsson, Aug 2010 4 October 2010 23
US 3G performance •  Novarum Inc. (1/2010) –  Measurements in 36 ci@es (Anaheim, …, Boston, …, Philly, …, Raleigh, …, Tempe) –  12-‐2009: 1.5 Mbps down •  Doubles: ~24 months 24
Increasing capacity 5 Wi-‐Fi 4 2 Femtocell Internet 1 Operator Services 3 1.  Add Cellsites ($$$$) 2.  Newer radios ($$$) 4. Femtocells ($$) 3.  More backhaul ($$$$) 5. Wi-‐Fi ($) 25
Femtocells: too livle, too late •  Primary users of 3G/4G data also have Wi-‐Fi –  Laptops, smart phones •  Corporate IT prefers Wi-‐Fi they control •  Consumers deploying Wi-‐Fi anyway –  For PCs, for gaming, for home media –  Pay extra to help carrier improve their network? •  Femtocell’s do have value for voice coverage! 26
Public Wi-‐Fi •  Retail business giveaway –  Coffee shops, restaurants, hotels, retail –  Harvard Sq. Business Associa@on 27
Public Wi-‐Fi •  Retail business giveaway –  Coffee shops, restaurants, hotels, retail –  Harvard Sq. Business Associa@on •  Sponsorship – loca@ons, events By kumasawa 28
Public Wi-‐Fi •  Retail business giveaway –  Coffee shops, restaurants, hotels, retail –  Harvard Sq. Business Associa@on •  Sponsorship – loca@ons, events By kumasawa •  Carrier supported –  e.g. Cablevision’s Op@mum Wi-‐Fi 29
Ad supported Wi-‐Fi •  Didn’t work in 2005; working now… –  Costs way down; usage and interest up •  Freerunr in UK (& NL, RS, ZA) –  Splash screens, limited free periods, … •  JiWire in US – Ad plaqorm for free Wi-‐Fi –  Used by MS Bing na@onwide Wi-‐Fi offer •  Sputnik in US – Ad supported model growing 30
Muni Wi-‐Fi, take 2 •  Wireless broadband access networks –  Dozens of US ci@es now succeeding •  Ci@es bring real estate, look to save current $ –  Communica@ons for police & other city services •  Strong pressure for “free” in some form 31
Wi-‐Fi will dominate off load •  LTE network for coverage, but most data bytes via Wi-‐Fi •  Operator take away: Sell ubiquitous service any place, any +me while integra@ng seamless Wi-‐Fi data offload 4 October 2010 32
Backhaul / Fixed wireless •  Middle mile – Cell sites – Fixed wireless hubs •  First mile − Homes and businesses 4 October 2010 33
$220 per Mbps US Today $7 per Mbps
How could wireless possibly help? •  Limited capacity –  . •  Licensed spectrum expensive –  Only par@ally true •  Unlicensed unreliable… –  Not any more! •  Wi-‐Fi doesn’t go far –  20-‐50 km! for < $500! 4 October 2010 35
How could wireless possibly help? •  Limited capacity –  100 Mbps, 300 Mbps, 1 Gbps, … •  Licensed spectrum expensive –  Only par@ally true •  Unlicensed unreliable… –  Not any more! •  Wi-‐Fi doesn’t go far –  20-‐50 km! for < $500! 4 October 2010 36
Wireless @pping point •  MIMO makes 5 GHz more useful than cellular or TV spectrum •  Direc@onal antennas or beam forming → Spa@al reuse → incredible density increments 40
Wireless @pping point •  MIMO makes 5 GHz more useful than cellular or TV spectrum •  Direc@onal antennas or beam forming → Spa@al reuse → incredible density increments •  Wi-‐Fi leads the way – Moore’s law with exis@ng 802.11n spec. – New specs, e.g. 802.11ac, ~ Dec 2012 41
Beamforming •  Select among mul@ple predefined antenna elements –  Widely used (2G, 3G, Wi-‐Fi – Vivato, Ruckus Wireless) 42
Beamforming •  Select among mul@ple predefined antenna elements –  Widely used (2G, 3G, Wi-‐Fi – Vivato, Ruckus Wireless) •  Adap@ve antenna arrays –  Compute phase/amplitude for each antenna element –  Adapts for desired signal while also reducing interference 8 antenna elements spread over 3.5 λs, i.e. ~18 cm, or < 7.5” at 5.8 GHz 43
Commercial beamforming Wi-‐Fi beams, before silicon support … •  Vivato (’02-‐’06) –  Technical success, but expensive –  Connect with 11g clients up to 2 km –  Vivato-‐to-‐Vivato up to 18 km 47
Commercial beamforming Wi-‐Fi beams, before silicon support … •  Vivato (’02-‐’06) –  Technical success, but expensive –  Connect with 11g clients up to 2 km –  Vivato-‐to-‐Vivato up to 18 km •  Ruckus Wireless (today)  –  12 elements – selec@vely switched to two channels on 2x2 silicon –  Drama@cally outperforms conven@onal 2x2 systems 48
•  11n wireless networking solu@ons in silicon •  Founded 2006; customers include Netgear •  4x4 MIMO with beamforming 49
Beamforming ~2014: >300 Mbps Wi-‐Fi to ~1 Km at mass market prices … 4x4 MIMO with 8 antenna elements 50
TVWS – Beach-‐front spectrum? •  Ideal antenna element separa@on >= ½ wavelength –  2.1 meters at 70 MHz –  21 cm at 700 MHz •  But only –  2.5 cm for 5.8 GHz Wi-‐Fi Ruckus Wireless Wavion Networks D-‐Link DAP-‐2553 53
ILEC price umbrella •  >20x markup fosters wireless bypass –  Typical WISPs opera@ng 20%-‐50% under monopolist’s price umbrella 54
Wireless ISPs •  > 2000 WISPs, in fast growing segment –  Most use license-‐ exempt spectrum –  Mix of pre-‐WiMAX, WiMAX and, increasingly, Wi-‐Fi gear 55
Wi-‐Fi for wireless broadband •  WISPs already use license-‐exempt spectrum •  Rapidly migra@ng to 11n technology –  Performance advantage is significant •  Drama@cally lower cost –  5x or more vs WiMAX or LTE systems –  Increasing reliability, similar performance 56
Ubiqui@ targets Wireless ISPs 57
Ubiqui@ targets Wireless ISPs Point-‐to-‐point $130-‐$600 58
Ubiqui@ targets Wireless ISPs Point-‐to-‐point Point-‐to-‐mul@point $130-‐$600 ~$240 & $68 59
Example Wi-‐Fi Pt-‐2-‐Pt Link UbiquiR BULLET-‐M5-‐HP With 28dbi Grid Antenna 802.11n Purchased through distribu@on: 60
Community WISP, Inc. 61
•  Wireless broadband Internet access for Brevard County FL •  Served from 4 loca@ons •  900 MHz, 2.4 GHz & 5 GHz, i.e. all license-‐exempt spectrum •  30/10 Mbps in many areas •  Expanding into Volusia and Seminole coun@es 62
Radically different ISP •  Focused radio links – 100 Mbps; 50-‐200 meters per hop •  Freemium Model – Customers build our network – Premium services drive revenue
Summary •  4G  Wireless @pping point •  Wi-‐Fi deploying key “4G” technologies, first ! •  Wi-‐Fi will dominate 3G/4G data offload •  Wi-‐Fi fostering resurgence in independent ISPs 64
Summary •  4G  Wireless @pping point •  Wi-‐Fi deploying key “4G” technologies, first ! •  Wi-‐Fi will dominate 3G/4G data offload •  Wi-‐Fi fostering resurgence in independent ISPs opportunity: An end run around the duopoly, the FCC and Congress 65
Thank You Brough Turner brough@netblazr.com
Credits, References •  Image credits, beyond those noted in-‐line… –  Office building facade: hvp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Beek100 –  Laptop icon: hvp://www.flickr.com/photos/ichibod/ –  Microwave oven: hvp://www.flickr.com/photos/code_mar@al/ •  Other useful references –  Novarum Inc. measurements: hvp://www.novarum.com/publica@ons.php –  NIST Electromagne@c Signal Avenua@on in Construc@on Materials hvp://fire.nist.gov/bfrlpubs/build97/PDF/b97123.pdf 67
802.11n in-‐the-‐field •  Ken Biba: –  The King is Dead, Long Live the King: 802.11n drama@cally improves Wi-‐Fi outdoors –  Real world measurements show muni Wi-‐Fi networks outperform WiMAX and cellular •  Tom’s Hardware –  Reviews Ruckus Wireless 11n access point with beamforming, hvp://www.tomshardware.com/reviews/beamforming-‐wifi-‐ ruckus,2390.html •  Net, net – it really works! 68

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